Name : ________________________________

Test : Thermochemistry

Class : _____________

Time : 50 minutes

1. The following enthalpy changes of formation are given in order to calculate the
complete combustion of octane, C8H18 .
Hf (C8H18) = -250 kJ/mol
Hf (H2O) = -286 kJ/mol
Hf (CO2) = -394 kJ/mol
a. Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of octane.
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[ 1 mark ]

b. Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of octane.

[ 3 marks ]

2. a. By means of a balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, illustrate the term
average C-H bond energy in methane.
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[ 2 marks ]

b. Hydrogen used in the Haber process is manufactured by passing methane and steam
over a heated nickel catalyst.
CH4 (g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2 (g)

H1 = +206 kJ/mol

i) Use the value of H1 above , and bond energy values from the Data Booklet , to
calculated the total bond energy in the carbon monoxide molecule.
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[ 3 marks ]

ii) Suggest why the bond energy you have calculated in (i) is larger than either of the
carbon-oxygen bond energies in the Data Booklet.
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[ 2 marks ]

3. a. i. Construct a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of CaF2 from its elements

[ 6 marks ]

ii) Use the cycle to calculate the lattice energy of CaF2 (s) . Incorporate the following data
as well as relevant data given in the Data Booklet.
Hat (Ca) = +178 kJ/ mol ,
Hf (CaF2) = -1220 kJ/mol
F(g) F (g) , H = -328 kJ.mol (this is the first electron affinity of fluorine )
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[ 2 marks ]

b. The first stage in liberating the fluorine from CaF2 is to grind this compound up and
react it with concentrated sulphuric acid . This products are hydrogen fluoride and
calcium sulphate, CaSO4
i. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
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[ 1 mark ]

ii. Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction, by using the following data in addition to
those given above.
Hf (H2SO4) = -814 kJ/mol , Hf (HF) = -271 kJ/mol , Hf (CaSO4) = -1434 kJ/mol

[ 3 marks ]

4. a. What is meant by the term standard enthalpy change of combustion ?

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[ 2 marks ]

b. Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, C2H6O.

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[ 1 mark ]

c. When 1.00 g of ethanol was burned under a container of water, it was found that 100g
of water was heated from 15o C to 65o C. The process was known to be only 70%
efficient. Use these data and values from the Data Booklet to calculate the enthalpy
change of combustion per mole of ethanol.
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[ 4 marks ]

d. Using the value you have calculated in ( c ) and the following data , calculate the
enthalpy change of formation of ethanol form its elements.
enthalpy change of combustion of carbon = -393.5 kJ/mol
enthalpy change of combustion of hydrogen = -285.8 kJ/mol

[ 3 marks ]

e. Based on the qualitative use of bond energies data given in the Data Booklet, suggest
briefly why the combustion of ethanol is an exothermic process.
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[ 3 marks ]

5.

Explain each of the following observations as fully as you can

a. The enthalpy changes of neutralisation of 1 mol of sodium hydroxide by various acids
are as follows : hydrochloric acid, -57.3 kJ/mol
nitric acid, -57.3 kJ/mol
ethanoic aced, -55.2 kJ/mol
[ 4 marks ]
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