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website : www.adfagra.org

INDEX
2

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vR;ar ljkguh;A cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZ !

Jitendra Raghuvanshi
Kishor Jain Dear Mr. Jain, Heartiest congratulations on the great effort that you are trying to seed in. I really hope that this bring change to our city and make it even more beautiful.

Dyklsl

6 10 14

Kishor Jain
Dear K.C. Jain Ji, Congratulations for inception the most energetic, refreshing that I have ever experienced in Agra Development foundation is marinating their glorious record to publish a monthly magazine. It is healthy tradition to share and exchange their views] ideas and experiences. The articles covering aspirations, dreams, ideologies and views on various contemporary issues on the readers provide a rich content to this magazine. I am sure that readers will find all the articles interesting and useful. Editorial board well deserves a token of appreciation for successful publication of the magazine, I convey my hearty greeting and best wishes. Warm Regards

vkxjk MoyiesaV QkmaMs'ku] vkxjk

(iathr nkrO; U;kl) ds fy, ,lthvkbZ VkWoj] fudV Hkxoku VkWdht] vkxjk&eFkqjk jktekxZ (,u,p&2)] vkxjk&282002 ls eqfr ,oa dkf'krA
laiknd % & ih;w"k xqIrk eks- 08755354100]
for feedback & articles E-mail : peeyushguptajournalist@gmail.com website : www.adfagra.org

J.S. Uppal
Tax Consultant Agra's tourism industry needs big support from its citizen and concern Government agency. your e magazine would be instrumental in bringing forth problems and suggestions to improve it....not that] works has not been done to improve it] but still there is lot of areas are to cover. My good wishes to e magazine and i am confident that you will continue to raise issues concerning health and reputation of Agra and win great laurels in the years to come. I wish you all good luck and success in all your endeavors.... thanks.

( laiknd bl vad esa dkf'kr lekpkj ds p;u ,oa laiknu gsrq ih-vkj-ch- ,DV dh /kkjk 7 ds varZxr mkjnk;h)

Sunil Chopra

dbZ dkj.kksa ls gksrk gS vfre.k i;ZVd tke esa Qalus ij ys tkrk gS cqjh Nfo Bsy okyksa ds fy, cus vyx LFkku ij cktkj ns'k esa ykxw gks gksMx&;wfuiksy foKkiu uhfr xqtjkr dk fo'ks"k ekMy gks ldrk gS dkjxj

vfre.k ,d leL;k u gksdj dbZ leL;kvksa dh tuuh gSA blls iSnk gksus okyh leL;kvksa esa eq[k gS] V SfQd tke ;kuh fodkl dh xfr dk ifg;k tkeA vkxjk esa ;g leL;k] LFkkuh; u jgdj nqfu;k esa Hkkjr ds dqca/k dh dgkuh dgrh gSA blls i;ZVu] vkS|ksfxd vkSj lsok {ks= esa Hkh udkjkRed Hkko iM+rk gSA
2

i ;ZVu

dh jkt/kkuh dgs tkus okys vkxjk esa rkt dh [kwclwjrh dk nhnkj djus ds fy, ns'k&fons'k ls yk[kksa yksx vkrs gSaA tks igyh ckj vkxjk vkrk gS] muds eu esa vkxjk 'kgj dh ,d lqUnj rLohj cuh gksrh gS] ysfdu vQlksl fd 'kgj esa i;ZVdksa dk Lokxr ;gk ds V SfQd tke ls gksrk gSA 'kgj esa ?kqlrs gh vkxjk ds ckjs esa cuh /kkj.kk cny tkrh gSA dqN le; igys ,d dsUh; ea=h dh yhV Hkh ,u,p nks ij tke esa yxHkx rhu ?kaVs Qalh jghA 'kgjoklh rks jkst blls nks pkj gksrs gh gSa] ysfdu i;ZVd ds tsgu esa cuh vkxjk dh lqUnj Nfo /kwfey lh gks tkrh gSA 'kgj esa V SfQd tke dh leL;k ds dbZ egRoiw.kZ dkj.k gSaA muesa ls ,d cM+k dkj.k gS vfre.kA 'kgj dh vf/kdrj lM+dksa ij fdlh u fdlh rjg ls vfre.k gqvk gS] ftlls 'kgj esa okguksa ,oa iSny pyus okyksa ds fy, txg de iM+rh gSA

flyflyk lkyksa ls tkjh gSA dbZ ckj bls gVk;k x;k ysfdu okil nqdkunkjksa us ;gk tekoM+k yxk fy;kA vkokl fodkl dkyksuh tSls fjgk;'kh bykdk Hkh blls vNwrs ugha gSaA vk;dj foHkkx ds vQljksa ds fy, cuh dkyksuh djdqUt ds ikl ,slh gh nqdkuksa dk ekdsZV lk cu x;k gSA gkyk fd ,sls bykdksa ls iqfyl ds lkFk&lkFk vkyk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh xkfM+;k jkst xqtjrh gSa] fQj Hkh fdlh vf/kdkjh dk /;ku irk ugha bl vksj D;ksa ugha tkrkA leL;k dk dksbZ LFkk;h lek/kku ugha gqvk gSA blds lkFk gh fcfYMax eSVsfj;y vkfn lkeku cspus okys pEcy lsaM] jsfr;k] bZaV vkfn j[krs gSa ftlls lM+d dk f?kj tkrh gSA bruk gh ugha dbZ yksxksa us rks ckdk;nk nqdkusa gh lM+d ij iRFkj j[kdj cuk yh gSaA mUgha nqdkuksa ls fcfYMax dk lkeku csjksd Vksd csp

tkrh gSA dbZ ckj 'kklu }kjk vfre.k gVkvks vfHk;ku pyk;k x;k gS] ysfdu dqN le; ckn fLFkfr tl dh rl gks tkrh gSA ;s fo"k; dbZ yksxksa ds jkstxkj ls Hkh tqM+k gqvk gSA vr% yksx vfre.k nksckjk djus yxrs gSaA

eq[k ekxksaZ ij nqdkuksa ls vfre.k

'kgj dh NksVh&NksVh lM+dksa ds lkFk gh eq[k ekxZ ,eth jksM ij Hkh yksxksa us vfre.k dj j[kk gSA gky gh esa uxj fuxe ds Bhd ikl fLFkr lwjlnu ls ysdj lat; iSysl rd yksxksa us nqdkusa yxk yh gSaA

fuekZ.k ds le; vfre.k

Hkou fuekZ.k ds LFkku ij vfre.k dkQh gksrk gSA uD'ks esa fn[kkbZ Hkwfe ls dgha T;knk Hkwfe ij yksx edku ,oa nqdkusa cuk ysrs gSa vkSj blds pyrs ljdkjh ekxZ ckf/kr gksrk gSA ;s lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd [kjhnh x;h Hkwfe ij gh yksx edku cuok,aA ,slk u djus ij dk;Zokgh lEcaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk gksuh pkfg,A csgrj ;s gksxk fd lEcfU/kr vf/kdkjh fuekZ.k ds le; gh bl laca/k esa mfpr dk;Zokgh djsa] rkfd fuekZ.k ds ckn fdlh dkj dk fojks/k ,oa cgkuk vfre.k djus okys dks u feysA

jgs gSaA dbZ dkj ,oa ckbd ejEer dh nqdkusa lM+d ij [kqyh gqbZa gSaA lq c g gks r s gh lkeku lM+d ij fc[ksj fn;k tkrk gS A blls Hkh jkLrk #d tkrk gSA uke dk [kqyklk u djus dh 'krZ ij nq d kunkjks a us crk;k fd iqfyl b l d s dkj.k lM+d dk ,d cM+k fgLlk f?kj x;k gSA fcuk fdlh jksd Vksd ds ;s yksx nqdku pyk, tk jgs gSa vkSj 'kklu fdadrZO;foew.k dh fLFkfr esa fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA nqdkusa eq[; lM+d ij gSa] rks [kjhnnkj Hkh viuk okgu ogk[kM+k dj [kjhnnkjh esa O;Lr gks tkrs gSaA bl dkj.k iwjh lM+d vfre.k ds nk;js esa vk tkrh gSA ,eth jksM ij Hkh bl rjg ls dbZ fdrkcksa dh nqdku] p'esa ,oa vU; QSalh vkbVe dh nqdkusa yxk nh x;h gSaA 'kgj dh vf/kdrj lM+dsa bl rjg ls ?ksj yh x;h gSaA jktk eaMh vkSj mlds vklikl rks ;s dks fj'or nsdj mUgsa lM+d ij viuk dke djrs jgus dh NwV fey tkrh gSA blls vfre.k rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA yksxksa us lM+dksa dk bLrseky O;kikfjd n`f"Vdks.k ls djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA ,d fnu mlh vLFkk;h vfre.k ij iDdh nqdku rS;kj dj yh

gksMx Hkh mRiUu dj jgs gSa ck/kk

'kgj esa txg txg voS/k LFkku ij cM+s&cM+s gksfMaZx yxs gSaA dbZ txg QqVikFk ij Hkh MaMs ds lgkjs gksfMaZx yxk, x, gSa tks T;knk txg ysrs gSaA buds LFkku ij ,sls gksfMaZx yxus pkfg, tks txg de ysus ds lkFk gh fuf'pr LFkku ij fQDl gksaA voS/k :i ls gksfMaZx

ek/;eksa ls lkekuksa dks ltk fn;k xM+s gq, gSaA ,sls dqN iksy e'k% vkokl fodkl dkWyksuh] jkeckx] ,RekkSyk vkfn {ks= esa ns[kus dks fey tk;saxsA blls V SfQd esa Hkh leL;k gksrh gS vkSj lkFk gh blds ihNs ds cps fgLls dk Qk;nk mBkdj yksx nqdkus yxk ysrs gSaA bl rjg ds iksy dks mudh txg ls gVkdj fdukjs ij fQV djuk pkfg,A

gVkus ds lkFk gh ,slk djus okyksa dks 'kgj dh lqUnjrk esa ;ksxnku nsus dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A iqu% nksgjkus ij mfpr dk;Zokgh bl laca/k esa gksuh pkfg,A fuxe dks blls lEcaf/kr uhfr Hkh cukuh pkfg, vkSj mldk ikyu dkuwu ds nk;js esa jgdj lcls djokus ds fy, viuh frcrk dks le>uk pkfg,A

nqdkuksa ds ckgj j[ks lkeku ls vfre.k

'kgj esa dbZ eq[k lM+dksa ij cM+s&cM+s 'kks:e gSaA gkyk fd muds 'kks:e fpfr txg ij gh cus gq, gSa] ysfdu 'kks:e ekfyd us vius xzkgdksa ds fy, Lo;a ikfdaZx dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha dh gSA vius mRikn ls vkdf"kZr djus ds edln ls lM+dksa ij LVSaM ,oa vU; tkrk gS] ftlls 'kgj ds dbZ lM+dksa dh txg f?kj jgh gSA ;s vLFkk;h vfre.k dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS ysfdu blds pyrs de cph lM+d esa vkus tkus okys yksxksa dks dkQh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA

dqN iksy Hkh dj jgs vfre.k

'kgj esa lM+d pkSM+hdj.k ds nkSjku iqjkus yxs fctyh ds [kaHks f'kV ugha fd, x, gSaA dgha lM+d ds fdukjs ls dkQh nwjh ij iksy

iSny ;k=h ds vf/kdkj lqfuf'pr gks

QqVikFk Bsy&QM+ yxkus okyksa ls f?kjk gksus ls iSny pyus okyksa dks lM+d ij pyuk iM+rk gSA tkfgj gS blh otg ls fiNys dqN lkyksa esa iSny pyus okyksa ds lkFk gq, lM+d gknls esa btkQk gqvk gSA iSny ;k=h dh tku dk [krjk iSnk gqvk gSA iSny ;k=h ds vf/kdkjksa dk bl rjg ls guu gks jgk gS tks ,d fparktud fo"k; gSA QqVikFk dks iwjh rjg ls [kkyh djkuk pkfg, rkfd iSny ;k=h lqjf{kr vius xarO; rd igqap ldsA

[kqys xVj Hkh ?ksj jgs gSa jkLrk

'kgj esa dbZ txg esugksy [kqys gq, gSa ftlds dkj.k esugksy ds vklikl dh lM+d ls fudyuk vlqjf{kr gks tkrk gSA blls lM+d dk dkQh fgLlk ;ksx esa u vkus ls ;krk;kr lM+d fdukjs dPph lM+d ls xqtjrk gSA blls dgha u dgha lM+d dh pkSM+kbZ ij QdZ iM+rk gSA

btktr ns ldrk gSA blls lM+dksa ij vfre.k gVkus ds vfHk;ku dks etcwrh feysxhA rglhy] nhokuh ,oa vU; lkoZtfud LFkyksa ij QwM dksVZ vyx ls cuk;k tk, rkfd vkus tkus okys yksxksa ds [kku&iku dh t:jrksa ds lkFk gh ckgj [kM+s Bsy okyksa dks Hkh jkstxkj dh ,d txg kIr gksA uxj fudk; foHkkx dks gksfMaZx lacaf/kr uhfr cukuh pkfg, vkSj mls dM+kbZ ls ykxw Hkh djkuk pkfg,A ;wfuiksy yxus pkfg,A vfre.k djus okys ds f[kykQ 'kklu }kjk QksVksxzkQh djds rc rd pkyku djuk pkfg, tc rd vfre.k djus okys ,slk djuk can u dj nsaA

ikfdaZx u gksus ls Hkh f?kj jgh lM+d

'kgj ds dbZ esfjt] 'kkWfiax dk IysDl ,oa Ldwyksa esa ikfdaZx dh dksbZ lqfo/kk ugha gS ftlds pyrs yksx xkfM+;ka buds vklikl lM+d ij ikdZ djrs gSaA blls Hkh V SfQd leL;k mRiUu gksrh gSA

xqtjkr dk fo'ks"k ekMy gks ldrk gS dkjxj

xqtjkr ds uxj fuxe pqukoksa ls igys vfre.k fojks/kh vfHk;ku dk ,d fo'ks"k ekWMy lkeus vk;kA [kqn eq[;ea=h ds vkns'k ij vkyk vf/kdkjh vfre.k gVkus dh tqxr esa yx x,A gkykafd pquko ls Bhd igys bl vfHk;ku ds pyrs [kqn eq[;ea=h ujsU eksnh dks ikVhZ ds nwljs usrkvksa ,oa ehfM;k dk gYdk fojks/k Hkh >syuk iM+k] ysfdu blds ckotwn QSlys ij vey gqvkA vfre.k rksM+dj vjcksa #i;s dh ljdkjh kWiVhZ ljdkj us vius dCts esa yhA vfre.k djus okyksa ij dk;Zokgh ds funsZ'k ns fn, x,A ysfdu blds lkFk gh {ks= esa ,sls yksxksa dh fyLV eaxkbZ x, ftUgksaus VSDl ugha Hkjk FkkA fyLV esa dbZ vehj yksx ekStwn FksA eq[;ea=h us fcuk dksVZ dpgjh ds pDdj esa Qalrs gq, ,d u;k jkLrk fudkykA mUgksaus vkns'k fn;k fd ftu vehj yksxksa us VSDl tek ugha fd;k gS] muds ?kj Lis'ky ;wfuQkeZ esa <ksy uxkM+s ysdj yksx tk, vkSj ekbd ds ek/;e ls mUgsa crk;sa fd mu ij fdruk VSDl cdk;k gSA bl rjdhc ls lkr fnuksa ds vanj djksM+ksa #i;s dk VSDl ljdkj dks feyk vkSj bl iSls ls {ks= dk fodkl fd;k x;kA ;s ckrsa bf.M;k VqMs dkWDySo esa [kqn ujsU eksnh ,oa vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa us crkbZ FkhA

;s gks ldrk gS lek/kkuA

dbZ 'kgjksa esa vfre.k gVkus ds lkFk lkFk jsgM+h ,oa Bsy okyksa ds fy, vyx cktkj dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA blls yksxksa dk jkstxkj Hkh lqfuf'pr gqvk gS vkSj lM+dsa Hkh vfre.k eq gqbZ gSaA e/; ns'k esa bl rjg dh ;kstuk 'kklu }kjk ykxw dh tk pqdh gS] blds ldkjkRed ifj.kke Hkh vk;s gSaA vkxjk esa bl fo"k; ij iwoZ esa dbZ ckj ppkZ gqbZ gS] ysfdu ekeyk BUMs cLrs esa pyk x;kA uxj fuxe ifjlj esa Hkh dkQh txg [kyh iM+h gqbZ gSaA uxj fuxe vLFkk;h rkSj ij dqN yksxksa dks ;gklkeu cspus dh

uxj fuxe dks [kqys esugksy rqjar can djkus pkfg,A 'kkfiax dkaIysDl ,oa Ldwyksa esa ikfdaZx dh lqfo/kk lqfuf'pr djuh pkfg,A ikfdaZx u gksus dh fLFkfr esa lM+d ij fdlh Hkh dher ij okgu u [kM+k gks] ,slh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A VksjsaV }kjk lM+dksa ds chp esa vkus okys fctyh ds [kacksa dks gVk;k tkuk pkfg,A QqVikFk ?ksjus okyksa ij tqekZuk gksuk pkfg,A 'kklu ,oa 'kgj ds vU; lektlsfo;ksa }kjk le; le; ij bl fo"k; dks ysdj tutkx:drk vfHk;ku pyk;k tkuk pkfg,A ys[kd ,oa QksVks&

lkxj xqtjkrh

oksds'kuy Dyklsl
vkxjk esa ,e- Mh- tSu dkyst cuk uthj O;kid ekStwnk vk/kkjHkwr <kaps dk mi;ksx gks fcuk iwathxr ykxr ds Dyklst laHko jkstxkj l`tu ds fy, oksds'kuy V sfuax vko';d lhch,lbZ vkSj lhvkbZ,llhbZ cksMZ dj pqds 'kq:vkr lhck,lbZ pyk jgk 44 dkS'ky fodkl dkslZ dsa vkSj ns'k ljdkjsa Hkh gSa ;kljr

ns'k esa dkS'ky fodkl vkS|kSfxdhdj.k ds fy, ,d leL;k ds :i esa mHkj jgk gSA vke vkneh dgrk gS] og csjkstxkj gS] m|ksx ,oa O;olk; dgrs gSa fd ksQs'kuy ugha feyrs] t:jr flQZ vke vkneh dks ksQs'kuy cukus dh gSA fo|ky; esa lHkh vk/kkjHkwr <kapk gksus ls og lcls egRoiw.kZ dsa cu ldrs gSaA
6

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fo'o Lrjh; dkS'ky fodkl dk;Ze fe'ku eksM esa vkjEHk fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA blls fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk dh vko';drk ds vuqlkj dkS'ky nku djus dh pqukSfr dk lkeuk fd;k tk,xkA fe'ku dh :ijs[kk vkSj usr`Ro Hkh bl dkj dk gksuk pkfg, rkfd bls laiw.kZ ns'k esa 'kh?kz f;kfUor fd;k tk ldsA

Hkkjr ds fodkl ds t:jh dkS'ky fodkl dk;Ze

Hkkjr dh fxurh ;qok ns'k ds :i esa gksrh gSA blesa iksus rhu djksM+ cPps gj lky tqM+ tkrs gSaA orZeku esa djhc rhu djksM+ yksx dkS'ky fodkl laLFkkvksa ls fudyrs gSa] tcfd gj lky ,d djksM+ rhl yk[k yksx dke <wa<us fudyrs gSaA tkfgj uCcs Qhlnh yksxksa dks oksds'kuy ;kuh dkS'ky fodkl okf.kT;] vkfFkR; ,oa i;Z V u] fpfdRlk] fMtk;u] ehfM;k vkSj mRiknu ij gSA

,e- Mh- tSu dkyst us fn[kk;k jkLrk

dkS'ky fodkl dh vko';drk dks le>dj vkxjk ds ,e- Mh- tSu baVj dkyst us mkj ns'k ek/;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn ds fo|ky;ksa ds fy, ,d uthj dk;e dh gSA dkyst esa lka;dkyhu d{kk,a pysaxhA gkykafd ;g vxys l= ls 'kq: gksaxhaA ;g d{kk,a blfy, pykbZ tk jgha gSa] ftlls dkyst ds Nk=ksa dks Vw'ku&dksfpax lsaVjksa ij nkSM+ yxkuh u iM+sA blds fy, Nk= ls flQZ ,d ckj lkS #i;s jftLV s'ku ds fy, tk,axsA f'k{kk fu%'kqYd jgsxhA blls Nk= dk ewY;oku iSlk vkSj vewY; le; nksuksa cpsxkA flQZ bruk gh ugha lka;dkyhu d{kkvksa esa Nk=ksa dks vaxzsth esa ckr djus dk lyhdk Hkh fl[kk;k tk,xkA ;gka fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa

fo|ky; ekU;rk ds fy, cuk;k vfuok;Z

dk;Ze dh t:jr gSA Li"V gS fd bruh cM+h la[;k esa vyx ls laLFkku [kksy dj rS;kj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy, 10oha&12oha ds Lrj ij dke djus dh t:jr gSA blds lkFk ekStwnk fo|ky;ksa ds vk/kkjHkwr <kaps dks ;ksx esa ykus ds fy, lka ; dkyhu d{kk,a ,dek= fodYi ds :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA ^lks ' kyh ;w t Qq y ks M fDVo odZ * ;kuh ,l;wihMCY;w turk ikVhZ ljdkj us 1978 esa ykxw fd;k FkkA T;knkrj txg ;g jpukRed fo"k; ,sfPNd jgk ysfdu

ds fy, Hkh [kkl rS;kjh djkbZ tk,xhA crk;k tk,xk fd rS;kjh ds fy, D;k&D;k vkSj dSls&dSls djsaA D;k u djsa] ftlls Nk= dk b/kj&m/kj dh ckrksa esa le; tk;k u gksA lk{kkRdkj nsus dk rjhdk D;k gksA ;kuh lQyrk ds fy, og lc dqN tks t:jh ekuk tkrk gSA tkfgj gS] ;g lc fo|ky; esa gh og Hkh fu%'kqYd feysxk rks Nk= dks lQyrk ds jkLrs esa fdlh Hkh eksM+ ij dksbZ fnDdr ugha vk,xhA blh lksp ds pyrs fiNyh ckj Hkh vkxjk ds vf/kdka'k VkWij blh fo|ky; ds jgs gSaA

lhch,lbZ cksMZ us fd;k cM+k dke

lsaV y cksMZ vkWQ lsadsMjh ,twds'ku ds 24 ns'kksa esa 13]000 Ldwy py jgs gSaA blus o dh utkdr dks le; ls le>rs gq, 1979 esa oksds'kuy f'k{kk dh 'kq:vkr dj nh FkhA 1996 esa 28 jkstxkj ijd oksds'kuy dkslsZt vkSj 'kq: fd, x,A orZeku esa lhck,lbZ 40 dkslZ lhuh;j lSadsMjh Lrj ij vkSj pkj dkslZ lSdsaMjh Lrj ij pyk jgk gSA jkstxkj ijd oksds'kuy dkslsZt dk Qksdl f"k] bathfu;fjax ,oa rduhd] O;olk; ,oa

lhvkbZ,llhbZ cksMZ us bls Nk=ksa vkSj dkyst dh ekU;rk ds fy, vfuok;Z cuk fn;kA lhvkbZ,llhbZ cksMZ us ,l;wihMCY;w ds lkFk&lkFk lkeqnkf;d lsok dks Hkh vfuok;Z cuk fn;kA

okf.kfT;d laxBu gSa okfdQ

,QvkbZlhlhvkbZ ds 'kks/k ifj.kkeksa (losZ) ds vk/kkj ij orZeku esa Jfed miyC/k u gksus ls daifu;ksa dks ekStwnk vkWMZj dh lIykbZ nsus esa dkQh fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA gkykr ;g gSa fd le; ls vkiwfrZ u dj ikus dh otg ls daifu;ksa dks

nl Qhlnh vkWMZj ls gkFk /kksuk iM+ tkrk gSA 'kks/k ifj.kke ;g Hkh crkrs gSa fd daifu;ksa dks dq'ky Jfedksa dh deh ds pyrs nl Qhlnh T;knk etnwjh Hkh nsuh iM+rh gSA ,lkspse (,lksfl,VsM pkSacj vkWQ dkWelZ ,aM baMLV h vkWQ bafM;k) ds ,d v/;;u ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr dks 2020 esa pkj djksM+ deZpkfj;ksa dh deh ls tw>uk iM+sxkA

lkFk gh ml le; dke dj jgs deZpkfj;ksa esa ls 41 Qhlnh ,sls gksaxs tks ekStwnk rduhd ls lgh rkyesy u feyk ikus dh otg ls viuh {kerk vuqlkj dke djus esa fnDdrksa dk lkeuk dj jgs gksaxsA ih,pMh pkSacj vkWQ dkWelZ ,aM baMLV ht us Hkh Ldwyksa esa oksds'kuy dkslsZt dh vko';drk dks /;ku esa j[kdj Ng {ks= NkaV j[ks gSa] ftu ij T;knk /;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA ;g dkslZ gSa & vk/kkjHkwr <kapk (bUkLV Dpj)] vkokl] LokLF;] f'k{kk ,oa dkS'ky fodkl] f"k ,oa f"k vk/kkfjr O;olk;] vkS|ksfxd fodklA

fo|ky;ksa esa lSdsaMjh d{kkvksa esa ikap oxksaZ ds dkslZ pyk, tk,axsA

dsa ljdkj us dh gS igy

dsa ljdkj us Hkkjr ljdkj ds ctV esa 2013&14 o"kZ ds fy, ,d gtkj djksM+ #i;s dk ko/kku fd;k gSA ,d laLFkku [kM+k fd;k x;k gS] uke gS] ^us'kuy fLdy MoyiesaV dkWjiksjs'ku*(,u,lMhlh)A ;g Hkkjr dh igyh vkSj ,dek= laLFkk gS ftldk ewy ms'; dkS'ky fodkl gSA ;g futh vkSj ljdkjh lk>snkjh esa dke djus okyh bdkbZ gSA bldh dksf'k'kksa dk cM+k fgLlk vlaxfBr {ks= ds dkS'ky fodkl dh ifj;kstukvksa esa lgk;rk djuk Hkh gSA blds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh bldh osclkbV ls yh tk ldrh gSA

ns'kksa us Hkh dh 'kq:vkr

;gh otg gS gky gh esa dukZVd dh jkT; ljdkj vkSj us'kuy fLdy MoyiesaV dkWjiksjs'ku us fey dj jk"V h; ek/;fed f'k{kk vfHk;ku ds fy, lgefr Kkiu (eseksjsaMe vkWQ vUMjLVSafMax) ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA bl vfHk;ku ds rgr ns'k ds lkS

lapkj rFkk lwpuk kS|ksfxdh ea=ky;] bySDV kWfuDl rFkk lwpuk kS|ksfxdh {ks= esa dke djus okys ekuo lalk/ku dks rS;kj djuk gSA ;g fu;ksftr ,oa vfu;ksftr {ks=ksa ds fy, fofHkUu dk;Ze dk <kapk rS;kj djrk gSA tutkrh; ekeyksa dk ea=ky; ,uthvks ds lkFk feydj Nk=ksa ds fy, fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa ds fy, is'ksoj dksfpax lqfo/kk miyC/k djkrk gSA

2- O;kikfjd fr"Bku vkWulkbV V sfuax ds fy, Hkh vkxs vk,aA 3- dsa o ns'k ljdkjksa dh fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dk lefUor pkj&lkj gksA 4- xzkeh.k o vZ 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa oksds'kuy Dyklst pyk, tkus esa eq[krk nh tk,A 5- ns'k ljdkj CykWd dk;kZy; Lrj ij Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls oksds'kuy Dyklst yxokus ds fy, dk;Z;kstuk cukdj dk;kZfUor djsaA

gekjh vis{kk,a
bldk y{; gS] 2022 rd ns'k ds ipkl djksM+ yksxksa dks fofHkUu dkj ds dkS'ky fodkl ds dk;Zeksa dk ykHk nsdj Jfed ls dq'ky Jfed vkSj dq'ky Jfed dks vkSj viMsV ,oa vU; tkudkjh nsdj muds laLFkku ds fy, vf/kd mi;ksxh cukukA budk /;ku jgrk gS fd mu ;kstukvksa dks kFkfedrk feys tks mRsjd ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldsaA ftuls vU; O;olk; dks Hkh xfr fey ldsA ;g dkslZ ds lkFk&lkFk dkS'ky fodkl esa yxs laLFkkuksa dks fr Nk= nl gtkj #i;s dh vkfFkZd enn Hkh nsrk gSA [kknh ,oa xzkeks|ksx vk;ksx Hkh dqN lIrkg ds ikBeksa ls ysdj nks lky rd dh vof/k ds ikBe pykdj dkS'ky fodkl esa ;ksxnku nsrk gSA xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; us Lo.kZ t;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk pykbZ gqbZ gSA edln fuokl ds LFkku ij jkstxkj miyC/k djkuk gSA 1- lkekftd] O;olkf;d o Lo;alsoh laxBu vkxs c<+dj igy djsaA de ls de nks fo|ky; ifjljksa esa oksds'kuy Dyklst 'kq: djsaA

fctuSl VqMs ls lkHkkj

guqeku dh eka vatuh us djok;h 2007 esa 'kq#vkr jktk t; flag ds }kjk cuok;s x;s ewy uD'ks dh izfrfr miyC/k ;equk dh nqyZHk izfr gS laxzkgy; dk Hkkx
vkxjk dh ,sfrgkfld fojklr ds frfoao dks cuk;s tkus dh dksf'k'k dk ifj.kke gS ;g E;wft;e] tks fd vc /khjs /khjs vkxjk dh igpku dk :i ys jgk gSA bl E;wft;e esa dq"kk.k dkyhu iqjko'ks"k] Hkxoku cq dh kphu frekvksa ds HkXuko'ks"k vkSj cgqr ls ,frgkfld vfHkys[k nf'kZr fd;s x;s gSaA
10

vk xjk

dk rkt E;wfuLfiy E;wft;e ns'k ds ukeh vkSj cMs laxzgky;ksa esa Hkys gh 'kkfey ugha gks fdUrq vkxjk vkSj mlds bfrgkl ls lEcfU/kr tkudkfj;ksa ds nsus ds ekeys esa derj ugha gSA dq"kk.k dkyhu frek bldk lcls iqjkuk n'kZ gSA ckS frekvksa ds flj] dkikfyd dk flj vU; kphu n'kksaZ esa 'kkfey gSaA dkys iRFkj dks rjk'kdj cuk;h x;h urZdh dh frek ,d gtkj lky ls iqjkuh vkSj dyk dk vius vki esa ,d fof'k"V vkd"kZ.k gSA ftls fd ns'k ds dbZ eq[k E;wft;eksa ds }kjk vius ;gka eaxok;s tkus dks le; le; ij ;kl fd;s tkrs jgs gSaA orZeku esa E;wft;e esa 160 n'kZ gSa ftuesa ls 115 jkT; iqjko'ks"k iathdj.k vf/kdkjh ls iathr gSaA buds vykok yxHkx ipkl ekf.kr MkSD;wesaV {ks= vfHkyk[kkxkj vkxjk ls ykdj nf'kZr fd;s x;s gSaA

cgqr igys ls Fkh vkxjk esa laxzgky; dh bPNk

ofj"B i=dkj Jh jktho lDlSuk ds eu esa vkxjk esa ,d laxzgky; [kqyus dh bPNk cgqr iqjkuh FkhA tc ,d eafnj esa eka vatuh dh ubZ frek yxkdj iqjkuh frek gVh] rc fopkj vk;k fd bl frek dks dgha unh esa okfgr djus ds ctk; uxj fuxe dks D;ksa u lkSik tk,A uxj fuxe ds rRdkyhu vk;q Jh ';ke flag ;kno us Jh lDlsuk ds vkWQj dks le>k vkSj kphu frek dks 'kgj dh Fkkrh eku lg"kZ Lohdkj fy;kA ekStwnk laxzgky; ifjlj esa voS/k fdjk;snkj dCtk tek, FksA Jh ';ke flag ;kno us lkgl iwoZd voS/k fdjk;snkjksa dks fudky dj laxzgky; ds fy, txg cukbZ vkSj Jh jkt fd'kksj jkts dks laxzgky; lkSai fn;kA blds ckn ,slk flyflyk pyk fd iwjk laxzgky; cu x;kA

fyLcu esa feyh 'khYM nh lqJh vatqyk ekgkSj us

blds ckn nwljk lcls egRoiw.kZ n'kZ 2007 esa iwoZ es;j vatqyk flg ekgkSj ds }kjk miyC/k djok;h og 'khYM gS tks fd mUgksaus fyLcu esa oksfVax ds vk/kkj ij rktegy dks nqfu;ka dk lcls vf/kd yksdf; Lekjd ?kksf"kr gksus ds miy{; esa 7 tqykbZ 2007 dks kIr dh FkhA

E;wft;e dks 18 tqykbZ 2012 dks HksaV fd;k x;k FkkA flVh iSysl y[ku ls frfr ds :i es kIr vkxjk dk og uD'kk gS ftls jktk t; flag us 1722 esa cuok;k Fkk tks fd ml le; vkxjk ds lwcsnkj FksA mYys[kuh; gS fd bl uD'ks ds vykok E;qfufLiy E;wft;e esa vkxjk esa jsyos ykbu Mkys tkus ls iwoZ dk og ml uD'ks dh frfr Hkh gS] tks fd bZLV bafM;k daiuh us losZ djok dj cuok;k FkkA

eka vatuh us djkbZ laxzgky; dh ^'kq#vkr*

rkt E;wfufLiy E;wft;e dk lcls egRoiw.kZ n'kZ guqeku th dh eka vatuh dh frek gSA tks fd cYdkcLrh fLFkr eaXys';oj egknso eafnj ls ykdj Jh Hkqous'k Jks=h; us vkxjk ds ofj"B i=dkj Jh jktho lDlsuk dks nh FkhA gdhdr esa ;gh bl E;wft;e dk igyk n'kZ gSA ftl LFkku ij ;g LFkkfir Fkh ogka u;h frek i/kkj dj bls ;gka ds fy;s miyC/k djok;k x;k FkkA

,sfrgkfld uD'ks gSa laxzgky; esa

rkt E;wfufLiy E;wft;e esa eqxy ckn'kkg eks g Een 'kkg ja x hys ds dk;Zdky esa cuk;s x, vkxjk egkuxj ds uD'ks dh frfr 'kkfey gSA eksgEen 'kkg jaxhys ds dk;Zdky esa cuk;s bl uD'ks dh frfr dks ;w,l ,M ds lkFk dk;Zjr D;ksj dh vksj ls bl

dbZ vU; n'kZ Hkh gSa [kkl

vkxjk esa cuus okys lksus ds cdZ Hkh ;gka miyC/k gSaA bUgsa orZeku esa E;wft;e ds Hkkjh lg;ksxh jkt fd'kksj jkts us miyC/k djok;k gSA E;wft;e ds vfHkys[k n'kksaZ esa vkxjk esa jktkvksa dks vkus ij ksVksdky ds vk/kkj ij fn, tkus okys

dSyk'k eafnj ifjlj ls izkIr

tequk eS;k dh izfrek

izkphurk 200 o"kZ vuqekfur

11

dh /kekZ/;{k ,oa lsukifr ds :i esa [kM+h frekvksa dks Hkh lajf{kr fd;k tk;sxkA ftyk 'kklu bUgsa vf/kxzghr djsaxs] fQj laxzgky; esa j[kokus dh O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA bu frek ds pkjksa vksj ltkoV ds fy;s yxk;h x;ha v"V /kkrq dh OgSy eNyh dh pkj frek;sa igys gh rkt E;wfufLiy E;wft;e esa n'kZ cuus ds yk;h tk pqdh gSaA

vkxjk dk igyk laxzgky;

vkxjk esa igyk E;wft;e ;gka fu;qDr vaxzst us cuk;k Fkk] tks fd ;gka ued ds njksxk ds :i esa dk;Z djus 1857 dh kafr ds rRdky ckn vk;k FkkA ml le; ekStwnk ftyk vLirky ued ds njksxk dk dk;kZy;

xu lSY;wVksa dh lwph] dSulkl (vesfjdk) esa cls ,d vU; vkxjk E;qfuLiy flVh dk fooj.k Hkh 'kkfey gSA vc E;wft;e esa 'kh?kz gh Fke fo'o ;q ls lacf/kr dqN n'kZ vkSj nf'kZr djus ds ;kl py jgs gSaA ftuesa ,d iqjkuh cUnwd gS ftldk mi;ksx ;wjksi dh Hkwfe ij Hkkjrh; QkSt us fd;k x;k FkkA

lajf{kr dh tk,xh foDVksfj;k frek

Ng n'kd ls misf{kr ns'k dh lcls fo'kky frekvksa esa 'kqekj Dohu foDVksfj;k dh frek dks jkT; iqjkrRo foHkkx lajf{kr djsxkA 1905 esa foDVksfj;k 'kklu dh Lo.kZ t;arh ds :i esa ml le; ds uo fodflr foDVksfj;k xkMZu esa ;g frek LFkkfir gqbZ FkhA tkWtZ iate o mudh iRuh us bl ikdZ ds mn~?kkVu ds lkFk gh frek dk vukoj.k fd;k FkkA vktknh ds ckn bl ikdZ esa ia- eksrhyky usg: dh frek yxkus ds ckn foDVksfj;k frek ikdZ ls gVkdj iqfyl vfHkj{kk esa j[kok nh x;h FkhA cs'kdherh ekuh tkus okyh bu frekvksa dks /kwi] o"kkZ vkfn ls cpkus dks tc&rc rSyh; mik; fd;s tkrs gSa] ftuesa rkjdksy dk ysiu Hkh 'kkfey gSA iqfyl ykbu ds Qk;j fczxsM ifjlj esa

gqvk djrk FkkA ckn esa njksxk th bl E;wft;e dks vius gh lkFk bykgkckn ys x,A

vkxjk ds vU; laxzkgy;

vkxjk esa nwljk E;wft;e cuk;s tkus ds fy, ,e Mh tSu baVj dkyst us ;kl fd;k FkkA iwoZ /kku ea=h Lo- tokgj yky usg: dh frek Hkh ;gka ds n'kksaZ esa 'kkfey FkhA ;gh ugha /kku ea=h ds :i esa Lo;a mn~?kkVu djus vk, usg:th ls ogha blh ewfrZ dks <adk diM+k gVkdj yksdkfiZr djok;k x;k FkkA bl ij usg: igys rks vk;kstdksa ij ukjkt gq, ckn esa pqipki pys x,A vHkh Hkh ,e Mh tSu baVj dkyst esa tSu /keZ ds xzaFkksa dk laxzgky; py jgk gSA fdys ds vej flag }kj ds ij ,d d{k esa E;wft;e ds pkyw fd;k x;k Fkk] ckn esa bls rkt egy ds eq[; xsV ds ij okys dejs esa ys tk;k x;kA iwoZ es;j fd'kksjh yky ekgkSj us bl E;wft;e esa dbZ fnuksa ,,lvkbZ ds :i esa viuh lsok;sa nh FkhA

j[kh bl frek dks lajf{kr dj dykRed iqjko'ks"k ds :i esa rkt E;qfufliy E;wft;e esa lajf{kr djus dh ekax rRdkyhu es;j vatqyk flag ekgkSj us mBkbZ FkhA blds fy;s mUgksaus iqjkrRo foHkkx ,oa vkxjk 'kklu dks i= fy[ks FksA vc bl laca/k esa yxHkx lHkh vkSipkfjdrk,a iwjh dj frek dks lajf{kr djus dk fu.kZ; tk pqdk gSA lgk;d iqjkrRo vf/kdkjh ,lds nqcs us crk;k fd eq[; ewfrZ ds lkFk [kM+k egkjkuh

12

orZeku esa rktegy ifjlj esa rktegy dh Fkhe ij py jgk gS tcfd Qrsgiqj lhdjh esa ,d vkSj E;wft;e cudj rS;kj gSA [;kr dykikj[kh Jh xq#Lo:i JhokLro Hkh vkxjk esa ,d vyx E;wft;e 'kq: djuk pkgrs gSaA og blds fy;s rktegy ds vklikl tehu ekax pqds gSaA Jh xq#Lo:i JhokLro ds ikl gqlSu dh lkS djksM+ #i;s dh lkS isfVax [kjhnh gqbZ gSa] ftUgsa og bl E;wft;e esa n'kZr djus ds mRlqd gSaA

jgs gS a A i;Z V u dk;kZy; us uxj fuxe dks i= Hkstdj ykbczsjh vkSj E;wft;e esa ekStwn vfHkys[kksa ds laca/k esa tkudkjh eka x h FkhA pkj ds fy, czks'kj rS;kj fd, tkus dh ckr gqbZ Fkh vkSj E;wft;e dh tkudkjh ;wih VwfjTe dh osclkbV ij viyksM fd, tkus dh ;kstuk FkhA lgk;d funs'kd i;ZVu vuwi JhokLro us dgk Fkk fd pkj ls i;ZVdksa dks E;wft;e dh tkudkjh fey ldsxh vkSj muds ;gka Hkze.k ds fy, vkdf"kZr gksus dh mEehn gSA [ksn dk fo"k; gS fd vHkh rd dksbZ mYys[kuh; dk;Zokgh ugha gks ikbZ gSA

gekjh vis{kk,a
egkjkuh foDVks f j;k dh frek 'kh?kzrk'kh?kz vfXu'keu dk;kZy; ifjlj ls E;wft;e esa ykbZ tk,A tk l ifCyd ykbczsjh ifjlj esa py jgs bl E;wft;e ds fy, cxy esa ,d u, fo'kky Hkou cuk dj HkO; :i fn;k tk ldrk gSA Jh xq#Lo:i JhokLro dh vis{kkvksa ds vuq:i uohu Hkou dk ,d Hkkx isafVax dh n'kZuh ds :i esa gks ldrk gSA ;g i;ZVu dh n`f"V ls u;k vkd"kZ.k gksxkA bfrgkl ds Nk=ksa] vkxjk vkus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, vkxjk dks le>us dk lqfo/kktud dsa gksxkA vkslkdk (tkiku) dh rjg vkxjk ds m|fe;ksa dh thou ,oa miyfC/k;ksa dk ,d laxzgky; vkxjk esa Hkh cuuk pkfg,A

i;ZVdksa dks yqHkk ldrk gS rkt E;wfufliy E;wft;e

bfrgkl ds iUuksa dks lgstus okyk rkt E;qfufliy E;wft;e vc 'kgj ds i;ZVu ekufp= ij Hkh viuh ped fc[ksj ldrk gSA m i;ZVu vc bl ykbczsjh vkSj E;wft;e dk i;ZVd vkd"kZ.k ds :i pkj djus dh ;kstuk uoacj 2011 esa cukbZ FkhA E;wft;e ds laca/k esa i;ZVdksa dks tkudkjh miyC/k djkus ds fy, i;ZVu m|eh yacs le; ls ekax dj

vkslkdk esa gS 'kgj ds m|fe;ksa dk E;wft;e

tkiku ds vks|kSfxd 'kgj vkslkdk esa 'kgj ds 107 m|fe;ksa dk thou vkSj mudh miyfC/k;ksa dk vuks[kk E;wft;e gSA bls m|ferk dh pqukSfr vkSj vuqla/kku laxzgky; ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA bldk fuekZ.k vkslkdk pkSEcj vkWQ dkWelZ ,aM baMLV ht vkSj vU; laxBuksa us fey dj cuk;k gSA bldh LFkkiuk 2001 esa gqbZ] bls 2006 rd ds m|fe;ksa dh tkudkjh ls viMsV fd;k tk pqdk gSA

13

Kku vkSj laLdkjksa dh T;ksfr TTofyr dj jgk gS

14

;g nsook.kh gSA bls /;ku esa j[kdj u, ;qx dk ^xq#dqy* [kksyk x;k gSA f'k{kk ds fy, x`g R;kxus ij jgus [kkus dh O;oLFkk lekt djrk gSA lkFk esa tSu n'kZu vkSj /keZ dh ckjhfd;ksa dks le>us vkSj lh[kus dk volj Nk=ksa dks feyrk gSA

lh/ks le>k, rks mldk Hkko vyx gh gksrk gSA

vk xjk esa eksrh yky usg: jksM ij ,d kphu

dksBh gS] pkanh okyh dksBhA lekt esa pkanh :ih ped fc[ksjus ds fy, ;gka ds tSu lekt dk Nk=kokl ftlesa gSa] xqnM+h ds ykyA bl Kkuksn; ifjlj esa ckhl Nk= jgdj KkuktZu dj jgs gSaA buesa ckjg Nk= e/; ns'k ds fofHkUu tuinksa ls vkSj chl Nk= mkj ns'k ds fofHkUu tuinksa ls gSaA 'kq:vkr esa flQZ nks gh ns'k ls frfuf/kRo gksus ij iwNus ij Kkr gqvk fd jktLFkku esa ogka fd {ks=h; lekt&lsoh laLFkk,a igys ls bl rjg ds xq#dqy vkSj Nk=kokl ds u, ;qtu ls :c: gSaA

esa] vyx&vyx fo"k; vkSj d{kk ukS ls ckjg rd ds gSaA laLFkku bl O;oLFkk ij djhc ikap yk[k #i;s okf"kZd [kpZ djrk gSA vc ;g laLFkku dks yxHkx lkS O;f;ksa dh lg;ksx jkf'k kIr gksrh gSA lg;ksxdrkZvksa dh la[;k c<+kus ds fy, lksp jgk gSA ms'; gS ,d lkS ipkl Nk=ksa ds fy, ,d u, Nk=kokl Hkou fodflr djukA ;kstuk vkxkeh Ng ekg esa dke 'kq: dj nsus dh gSA

Nk=ksa dks feyrk gS fu%'kqYd Hkkstu

Nk=ksa dks tSu ekU;rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij lkfRod [kkuk miyC/k djk;k tkrk gSA lIrkg esa ,d fnu Lis'ky [kkuk jgrk gSA vxj lIrkg esa dk dksbZ R;kSgkj gS] rks ml lIrkg dk fo'ks"k ml fnu gks tkrk gSA [kkus esa I;kt&yglqu vkSj tM+ tSls vkyw] ewyh] xktj] 'kdjxanh vkfn oftZr gSaA Hkkstu 'kq 'kkdkgkjh gksrk gSA jkf= esa Hkkstu oftZr gSA Hkkstu lw;kZLr ls iwoZ Nk= djrs gSaA tSu /kkfeZd ekU;rkvksa ds vuq:i e;kZfnr Hkkstu Hk{k&vHk{k dk /;ku j[krs gq, djrs gSaA kr% dk uk'rk vkSj jkf= dk nw/k Hkh frfnu lfEefyr gSA

laLdkjksa ij gS fo'ks"k /;ku

vkt ds le; esa vk/kqfud rduhd vkSj Kku dkQh LFkkuksa ij miyC/k gSA vxj unkjn gSa rks laLdkjA gkykr ;g gks x, gSa fd f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa uSfrd f'k{kk T;knkrj LFkkuksa ij flQZ ,d ijh{kk ds fy, fo"k; cu dj jg xbZ gSA dbZ LFkkuksa ls ;g fo"k; ds :i esa Hkh gVkbZ tk pqdh gSA laLFkku kjaHk djus ds ihNs ;gh ewy ms'; cuk fd dSls laLdkjksa dks iquthZfor fd;k tk,A ;fn fo|ky; [kksyk tkrk rks og fo|ky;ksa dh HkhM+ esa ,d vkSj tqM+ko ek= gksrkA Nk=kokl [kksydj jgus ds nkSjku og lc dqN nsus dh dksf'k'k gS ftlls vkt dk Nk= oafpr gSA

jgus lksus dh fu%'kqYd O;oLFkk Hkh

Nk=ksa dks jgus ds fy, 'ks ; fja x dejks a dh fu%'kqYd O;oLFkk gSA dejksa esa csM ;kuh xk] pknj] rfd;k] vksM+us dh pknj ;k jtkbZ Hkh Nk=kokl eqgS;k djkrk gSA blds pknj vkfn /kksus dh ftEesnkjh Nk= dh gksrh gSA vius crZu Hkh Lo;a ekatus gksrs gSaA dksf'k'k jgrh gS ;gka jgus okyk Nk= vkRefuHkZj cu tk,A dejksa esa i<+us ds fy, [kkl rjg dh est vkSj dqlhZ dh Hkh O;oLFkk gSA blls Nk= lgh voLFkk esa cSB dj i<+kbZ dj ikrs gSaA csM] dqlhZ] est vkfn dk j[kj[kko Hkh Nk=kokl }kjk gSA Nk=kokl LoPN gS vkSj O;oLFkk,a Hkko'kkyhA vkj- vksls ihus dk ikuh miyC/k gSA

jksy ekWMy ls fujarj laokn

laLFkku Nk=ksa dks lHkh oxksaZ dh gfLr;ksa ls fujarj laokn dk;e j[kokus dh dksf'k'k esa jgrk gS A pkgs dk;Z i kfydk gks ] ;k U;k;ikfydk] vf/kdkjh gksa ;k lektlsoh] lHkh dks fofHkUu dk;Zeksa esa vkeaf=r dj :c: djk;k tkrk gSA Kkuksn; laLdkj'kkyk esa ea=h] cM+h vnkyrksa ds tt] vkbZ,,l vf/kdkjh vkSj lekt esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku nsus okys yksxksa ls Nk= vius eu dh ckr lh/ks djrs gSaA LokHkkfod gS tc dksbZ gLrh

laLFkku gS lkekftd lg;ksx dk rhd

bl Nk=kokl ds Nk= LFkkuh; fo|ky;ksa

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lHkh Nk=ksa ds cf<+;k gSa fjtYV

mkj ns'k ek/;fed f'k{kk ifj"kn ;wa rks fnYyh fLFkr cksMZ ds eqdkcys de uacj nsus ds fy, fo[;kr gSA bl Nk=kokl ds Nk= mkj ns'k cksMZ ds Hkh Nk= gSaA fQj Hkh xqnM+h

j[kk tkrk gS LokLF; dk /;ku

Nk=ksa ds LokLF; ds fy, Hkh laLFkku fpafrr jgrk gSA LokHkkfod gS fd pkgs lnhZ&tqdke&cq[kkj gks ;k flj nnZ&isV nnZ ;k dgha NksVh&eksVh pksV gks] lHkh fLFkfr esa Nk=kokl ca/kd dks /;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA gka ;fn dksbZ xaHkhj rch;r [kjkc gks rks] ifjtuksa dks cqyok fy;k tkrk gSA iwNus ij crk;k x;k fd djhc nl gtkj #i;s okf"kZd nok vkfn ij [kpZ gks tkrs gSaA

os'k f;k Hkh ljy

laLFkku tSu lekt dh i=&if=dkvksa esa foKkiu nsrk gSA ns'k ds fofHkUu ftyksa ls

vkosnu vkrs gSaA vkus okys vkosnuksa esa Nk=ksa ds fiNyh d{kk dk ifj.kke vkS j mldh vkfFkZ d ifjfLFkfr dks /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA bl vk/kkj ij cuus okyh esfjV ls jgus dh O;oLFkk okyh la[;k rd dks os'k ns fn;k tkrk gSA vc ;g r; dj fn;k x;k gS fd lkroha d{kk ikl dk gh vkBoha esa os'k fn;k tk,xkA vc fdlh vU; d{kk ds Nk= dks os'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA ;kuh Nk= d{kk vkB ls d{kk ckjg rd bl Nk=kokl esa jgdj i<+kbZ dj ldrk gSA

ds bu ykyksa us vLlh Qhlnh dh lhek ikj dj nh gSA ;wih cksMZ esa 55 Qhlnh ;k blls ij ykus okys dks xqM lSfdaM Dykl dgk tkrk gSA rkjhQ dh ckr gS fd dksbZ Hkh Nk= xqM lSfdaM Dykl ls uhps ugha x;kA

Hkksj esa ikap cts ls igys lksdj mBus vkSj jkr nl cts lksus rd lc dqN r; dk;Ze ds vuqlkj gksrk gSA
le;
ls rd

xfrfof/k
ls

le;
rd

xfrfof/k

kr% &4-45 5-00 5-15 5-40 6-30 7-00 7-45 8-15 2-45 &3-45 &5-15 &5-35 &6-30 &7-00 &7-30 &8-00 lksdj tkxuk kFkZuk O;k;ke fuR;deZ vkfn ls fuo`r gksuk dejs esa cSB dj i<+kbZ iwtu ,oa Hkf vYikgkj fo|ky; tkuk fo|ky; e/;kodk'k esa Hkkstu fo|ky; ls ykSV dj i<+kbZ

lk;a 4-00 5-00 5-45 6-15 7-15 8-15 8-30 10-30 &5-00 &5-45 &6-15 &7-15 &8-15 &8-30 &10-30 &4-45 [ksydwn Hkkstu Vhoh vkfn ls euksjatu O;k[;ku ,oa lk;adkyhu iwtk vpZuk dksfpax ds fy, tkuk nw/k ,oa Qykgkj xzg.k v/;;u 'k;u

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esjs ikik dk LoxZokl ikap lky igys gks x;k FkkA esjh eka flykbZ vkfn djds ifjokj dk ikyu iks"k.k djrh gSaA tc gekjs ?kj irk pyk fd vkxjk esa ,d [kkl rjg dk xq#dqy gSA rc geus rqjar vkosnu fd;kA bZ'oj dh ik ls esjk p;u ;gka gks x;k gSA eSa vc ,d cM+s ifjokj esa vk x;k gwaA ;gka eq>s dkQh dqN lh[kus dks feyrk gSA

viZ.k tSu] d{kk 9-

igys esjk i<+kbZ vkSj /keZ nksuksa esa eu ugha yxrk FkkA vc esjh O;ofLFkr i<+kbZ vkSj /keZ ds ckjs esa #fp tkx xbZ gSA gekjs /keZ esa 'kjhj ds ctk; eks{k ij /;ku nsus dh lh[k feyrh gSA ;gka i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk /keZ f'k{kk dks thou dk volj ekurk gwaA

foiqy tSu] d{kk 11-

;gka [kkus&ihus] i<+kbZ] [ksy&O;k;ke vkfn lHkh ij larqfyr /;ku fn, tkus ls [kq'k gwaA igys eSa gj dke ds fy, eka ij fuHkZj Fkk] ;gka dh V sfuax ls eSa gj dke esa vkRefuHkZj gks x;k gwaA eu yx x;k gSA

v{k; tSu] d{kk 10-

lHkh esjs NksVs HkkbZ] Hkrhtksa dh rjg gSaA lcdk /;ku j[kuk esjh MwVh dk fgLlk gS vkSj HkkoukRed larqf"V dk fgLlk HkhA eSa lekt lsok ds lkFk&lkFk vius ifjokj dh ftEesnkjh fuHkk jgk gwaA

nhis'k 'kkL=h ca/kd] Kkuksn; laLFkku

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