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Updated: 12 February 2013

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Lecture #11 (Distributed Sytems)

Chapra, L9 (cont.)

David A. Reckhow

CEE 577 #11

Distributed Sources
classical non-point sources agricultural, urban runoff Sediment processes sediment oxygen demand Atmospheric deposition

Source (or sink) that is spread out along the stream length

SD B Jin
David A. Reckhow CEE 577 #11

Jout

H
2

Distributed source in PFR @SS


dc 0 = U kc + S D dx

SD k ( x u) ( ) c = co e + 1 e
k x u

SD B Jin
David A. Reckhow CEE 577 #11

Jout

H
3

3 2.5
Concentration (mg/L)

0.9 mg/L/d 0.6 mg/L/d 0.344 mg/L/d Increasing SD


0 2 4 6 8 10
Distance (miles)

2 1.5 1 0.5 0

K=0.344/d
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4 3.5
Concentration (mg/L)

0.23/d 0.344/d 0.58/d 0.88/d


10

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 2 4

Decreasing k
6 8
Distance (miles)

SD = 0.9 mg/L/d
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Variable Channel Geometry


c V = Jin Ac J out Ac rV t

SD B Jin
David A. Reckhow CEE 577 #11

Jout

H
6

Updated: 12 February 2013

Lecture #11b (Waste Load Allocations)

Chapra, here and there

David A. Reckhow

CEE 577 #11

Graphical Representation
80 70 60

Loading Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)

50 40 30 20 10 0 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Fishing

Boating

Fishing

See also: Fig 1.2 from Thomann & Mueller


David A. Reckhow CEE 577 #11

Miles Downstream

WLA: Step by Step


Designate a specific water use

Adopt a Water Quality Criterion Determine action necessary


formulate several alternatives evaluate the alternatives

No

Is cost OK? Yes


CEE 577 #11 9

David A. Reckhow

WLA: breakdown of steps


Designate a specific water use recreation: swimming, boating, aesthetics water supply: municipal, industrial agriculture fisheries: commercial or sport ecological balance Adopt a Water Quality Criterion must support the above use EPA red book

David A. Reckhow

CEE 577 #11

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WLA: breakdown of steps


Determine the action necessary to meet criterion: usually a
discharge or effluent Water Quality Standard (enforceable)

Formulation of several engineering alternatives to meet

the WQC

choose model collect data calibrate model verify model sensitivity analysis model run under design conditions alter waste loads and re-run model

David A. Reckhow

CEE 577 #11

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CEE 577 #11

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