The GATE

st Batch : Commencing from Mid May

Morning Batch

nd Batch : Commencing from Mid June Evening Batch

Eligibility Benefits
Top 2000 Rank in GATE Appeared in IES or 3 PSUs Interview B.Tech from IIT B.Tech from NIT with 65% marks B.Tech from Private Engineering college with 70% marks Better Teaching Environment Extra teaching hours In-depth coverage of subjects

(Any of the following)

Electronics Engineering
Corporate Office: 44-A/1, Kalu Sarai, New Delhi-16 | Email : madeeasydelhi@gmail.com | Visit: www.madeeasy.in

GATE-2014 Exam Solutions (15 Feb)

Electronics Engineering (Morning Session)
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Page 1

Section - I (Technical)
Q.1 In the voltage regulator shown in figure op-amp is ideal. The BJT has VBE = 0.7 V and = 100 and Zener voltage Vz is 4.7 V for a regulated output of 9 V the value of R in is

exam 2014 has been conducted in 4 seatings. The questions were different in each session and difficulty level of questions were also different from session to session. The papers of 15th Feb. evening and 16th Feb. morning session were relatively easier than rest two sessions, however it varies on the perception of person to person also. The average marks on all the papers should be equated and necessary scaling criteria should be adopted for this purpose. 2. The GATE 2014 cut off is expected to be slightly higher than previous year. The cut-off may vary between 27-30 marks (General Category). GATE Cutoff = Total Marks obtained by all the candidates
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Total number of candidates 3. In my opinion the toppers marks of GATE-2014 would be between 85 to 90 marks. GATE cutoff <| 25 Marks

Disclaimer Note
Dear Students, MADE EASY has taken due care in collecting the data and questions. Since questions are submitted by students and are memory based, therefore the chances of error can not be ruled out. Therefore MADE EASY takes no responsibility for the errors which might have incurred. If you have more questions (except from this paper) of GATE 2014 : EC, then kindly mail it to: madeeeasydelhi@gmail.com Note: Please do mention name, mobile no, date & session of exam, while sending A

wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an amplitude that begins at zero, increases, and then decreases back to zero. It can typically be visualized as a "brief oscillation" like one might see recorded by a seismograph or heart monitor. Generally, wavelets are purposefully crafted to have specific properties that make them useful for signal processing. Wavelets can be combined, using a "reverse, shift, multiply and integrate" technique called convolution, with portions of a known signal to extract information from the unknown signal.

The GATE exam 2014 has been conducted in 4 seatings. The questions were different in each session and difficulty level of questions were also different from session to session. The papers of 15th Feb. evening and 16th Feb. morning session were relatively easier than rest two sessions, however it varies on the perception of person to person also. The average marks on all the papers should be equated and necessary scaling criteria should be adopted for this purpose. 2. The GATE 2014 cut off is expected to be slightly higher than previous year. The cut-off may vary between 27-30 marks (General Category). GATE Cutoff = Total Marks obtained by all the candidates Total number of candidates 3. In my opinion the toppers marks of GATE-2014 would be between 85 to 90 marks. GATE cutoff <| 25 Marks

Disclaimer Note
Dear Students, MADE EASY has taken due care in collecting the data and questions. Since questions are submitted by students and are memory based, therefore the chances of error can not be ruled out. Therefore MADE EASY takes no responsibility for the errors which might have incurred. If you have more questions (except from this paper) of GATE 2014 : EC, then kindly mail it to: madeeeasydelhi@gmail.com

Note: Please do mention name, mobile no, date & session of exam, while sending

Seismic Wavelet For example, a wavelet could be created to have a frequency of Middle C and a short duration of roughly a 32nd note. If this wavelet was to be convolved with a signal created from the recording of a song, then the resulting signal would be useful for determining when the Middle C note was being played in the song. Mathematically, the wavelet will correlate with the signal if the unknown signal contains information of similar frequency. This concept of correlation is at the core of many practical applications of wavelet theory.As a mathematical tool, wavelets can be used to extract information from many different kinds of data, including but certainly not limited to audio signals and images. Sets of wavelets are generally needed to analyze data fully. A set of "complementary" wavelets will decompose data without gaps or overlap so that the decomposition process is mathematically reversible. Thus, sets of complementary wavelets are useful in wavelet based compression/decompression algorithms where it is desirable to recover the original information with minimal loss.In formal terms, this representation is a wavelet series representation of a squareintegrable function with respect to either a complete, orthonormal set of basis functions, or an overcomplete set or frame of a vector space, for the Hilbert space of square integrable functions. Wavelet transforms A wavelet is a mathematical function used to divide a given function or continuous-time signal into different scale components. Usually one can assign a frequency range to each scale component. Each scale component can then be studied with a resolution that matches its scale. A wavelet transform is the representation of a function by wavelets. The wavelets are scaled and translated copies (known as

"daughter wavelets") of a finite-length or fast-decaying oscillating waveform (known as the "mother wavelet"). Wavelet transforms have advantages over traditional Fourier transforms for representing functions that have discontinuities and sharp peaks, and for accurately deconstructing and reconstructing finite, non-periodic and/or non-stationary signals.Wavelet transforms are classified into discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs) and continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs). Note that both DWT and CWT are continuous-time (analog) transforms. They can be used to represent continuous-time (analog) signals. CWTs operate over every possible scale and translation whereas DWTs use a specific subset of scale and translation values or representation grid.
Contourlets form a multiresolution directional tight frame designed to efficiently approximate images made of smooth regions separated by smooth boundaries. The Contourlet transform has a fast implementation based on a Laplacian Pyramid decomposition followed by directional filterbanks applied on each bandpass sub

Contourlet Transform A filter bank structure that can deal effectively with piecewise smooth images with smooth contours, was proposed by Minh N Do and Martin Vetterli. The resulting image expansion is a directional multiresolution analysis framework composed of contour segments, and thus is named contourlet. This will overcome the challenges of wavelet and curvelet transform. Contourlet transform is a double filter bank structure. It is implemented by the pyramidal directional filter bank (PDFB) which decomposes images into directional subbands at multiple scales. In terms of structure the contourlet transform is a cascade of a Laplacian Pyramid and a directional filter bank. In essence, it first use a wavelet-like transform for edge detection, and then a local directional transform for contour segment detection. The contourlet transform provides a sparse representation for two-dimensional piecewise smooth signals that resemble images
Abstract

A new steganography method based on the contourlet transform is proposed in this paper. This strategy is based on storing information in high frequency sub-bands of contourlet transform. The embedding approach is in direction that the contourlet sub-bands have the least statistical disorder. As a result, the proposed algorithm has a higher robustness against to common steganalysis approaches. In addition, the quality of stegano image has considerably improved in comparison with related state of the art methods, with the extracted secret image having an acceptable quality. Furthermore, the experimental results show robustness

respect to Gaussian noise and other attacks such as JPEG compression. stegano stegano

st

Batch : Commencing from Mid May Morning Batch

nd Batch : Commencing from Mid June Evening Batch

Eligibility Benefits
Top 2000 Rank in GATE Appeared in IES or 3 PSUs Interview B.Tech from IIT B.Tech from NIT with 65% marks B.Tech from Private Engineering college with 70% marks Better Teaching Environment Extra teaching hours In-depth coverage of subjects

(Any of the following)

Electronics Engineering
Corporate Office: 44-A/1, Kalu Sarai, New Delhi-16 | Email : madeeasydelhi@gmail.com | Visit: www.madeeasy.in

GATE-2014 Exam Solutions (15 Feb)

Electronics Engineering (Morning Session)
1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890 1234567890

Page 1

Section - I (Technical)
Q.1 In the voltage regulator shown in figure op-amp is ideal. The BJT has VBE = 0.7 V and = 100 and Zener voltage Vz is 4.7 V for a regulated output of 9 V the value of R in is
+