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SELECTION OF VALVES
The method by which the closure member regulates the flow and the configuration of the flow path through the valve impart a certain flow characteristic to the valve, which is taken into account when selecting a valve for a given flow-regulating duty.
materials with widely differing coefficients of expansion, and if the operating temperature cycles within wide limits, seal welding the screwed joint may be necessary. Flanged end connections. These permit valves to be easily installed and removed from the pipeline. However, flanged valves are bulkier than threaded end valves and correspondingly dearer. Because flanged joints are tightened by a number of bolts, which individually require less tightening torque than a corresponding screwed joint, they can be adapted for all sizes and pressures. At temperatures above 350C (660F), however, creep relaxation of the bolts, gasket, and flanges can, in time, noticeably lower the bolt load. Highly stressed flanged joints can develop leakage problems at these temperatures. Welding end connections. These are suitable for all pressures and temperatures, and are considerably more reliable at elevated temperatures and other severe applications than flanged connections. However, removal and re-erection of welding end valves is more difficult. The use of welding end valves is therefore normally restricted to applications in which the valve is expected to operate reliably for long periods, or applications which are critical or which involve high temperatures.
Valve Ratings
The rating of valves defines the pressure-temperature relationship within which the valve may be operated. The responsibility for determining valve ratings has been left over the years largely to the individual manufacturer. The frequent U.S. practice of stating the pressure rating of general purpose valves in terms of WOG (water, oil, gas) and WSP (wet steam pressure)
52 Valve Selection Handbook
is a carryover from the days when water, oil, gas, and wet steam were the substances generally carried in piping systems. The WOG rating refers to the room-temperature rating, while the WSP rating is usually the high temperature rating. When both a high and a low temperature rating is given, it is generally understood that a straight-line pressure-temperature relationship exists between the two points.