Prof. Dzhanidze R.

CS M117, HW #3

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES CS M117 Homework #3 Wi ! "o#$ io% TA &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Section A: 1'Wire#e"" %e "( )*+ W!* i" !e m*i% "imi#*ri , -e wee% * Wire#e"" LAN *%. *% A. Ho/ %e work )-+ W!* i" !e m*i% .i00ere%/e1 (a) both wireless; (b) one is infrastructure based; the other is self configured and self-deployed (no infrastructure) 2' W!, i" m$# i!o33i%4 $"e. i% A.5Ho/ %e "1 Answer: to save energy, to better utilize the channel (reducing interference); to overcome obstacles

Prof. Dzhanidze R. CS M117, HW #3

Section B: Bluetooth Communications (T. Ch. 4. 310-317) 1+' From Fi4$re 1 "!ow% -e##ow6 we "ee !* * 7#$e oo ! .e8i/e /*% -e i% wo 3i/o%e " * !e "*me ime'

7ri.4e "#*8e

Figure 1 I" !ere *%, re*"o% w!, o%e .e8i/e /*%%o -e !e m*" er i% -o ! o0 !em * !e "*me ime1

t is impossible for a device to be master in two piconets at the same time! "here are two problems! #irst, only $ address bits are available in the header, while as many as seven slaves could be in each piconet! "hus, there would be no way to uni%uely address each slave! &econd, the access code at the start of the frame is derived from the master's identity! "his is how slaves tell which message belongs to which piconet! f two overlapping piconets used the same access code, there would be no way to tell which frame belonged to which piconet! n effect, the two piconets would be merged into one big piconet instead of two separate ones!
2+' Fi4$re 2 "!ow" "e8er*# 3!,"i/*# #*,er 3ro o/o#"' W!i/! o0 !e"e i" /#o"e" o !e 7#$e oo ! 3!,"i/*# #*,er 3ro o/o#1

Prof. Dzhanidze R. CS M117, HW #3

"##er layers !$gi al lin% $n&r$l D!! MAC

sublayer 802.11 infrared 802.11 FHSS 802.11 DSSS 802.11a OFDM 802.11b HR-DSSS 802.11g DFDM Physi al layer

Fi4$re 2 W!* i" !e -i44e" .i00ere%/e -e wee% !e wo1

(luetooth uses #)&&, *ust as +,-!.. does! /ne difference is that (luetooth hops at a rate of .0,, hops1sec, far faster then +,-!..! /ther differences: +,-!.. #)&& is a base station scheme, the (ased &tation sets the #)&& se%uence and 2eeps all clients synchronized! "he 3A4 layer is 4&3A, instead of polling!
3+' 7e*/o% 0r*me i% !e 0re9$e%/, !o33i%4 "3re*. "3e/ r$m 8*ri*% o0 :;2'11 /o% *i% !e .we## ime, <o ,o$ !i%k !e *%*#o4o$" -e*/o% 0r*me i% 7#$e oo ! *#"o /o% *i% !e .we## ime1 <i"/$"" ,o$r *%"wer' "hey do not! "he dwell time in +,-!.. is not standardized, so it has to be announced to new stations that arrive! n (luetooth this is always 0-5 microseconds! "here is no need to announce this! All (luetooth devices have this hardwired into the chip! (luetooth was designed to be cheap, and fi6ing the hop rate and dwell time leads to a simpler chip!

Prof. Dzhanidze R. CS M117, HW #3

=+ )*+ Li" !e !ree .i00ere% mo.e" o0 "i4%*# 3ro3*4* io% )-e"i.e" .ire/ "i4%*#+ *%. !e /*$"e 0or e*/! o0 !e"e mo.e"' )-+ W!* ki%. o0 "i4%*# re/e3 io% 3ro-#em" !e"e .i00ere% mo.e" /*$"e1 a) .! 7eflection-propagation wave reflected by ob*ects larger than wavelength results! -! 8iffraction-wave obstructed by surface with sharp irregular edges! $! &cattering-wave hits loose ob*ects smaller than wavelength, signal scattered in bunch of outgoing wea2er signals are result b) 1. 7eflection causes large scale fading. 2. &cattering causes small scale fading! $! 9ost of signal strength; :! &ignal dispersion >+ )*+ How .o m$# i3* ! "i4%*#" e00e/ "i4%*# re/e3 io%1 T!i" e00e/ #imi " !e r*%"mi""io% r* e o0 wire#e"" /!*%%e#' )-+ Gi8e re#* io% -e wee% r*%"mi""io% r* e *%. !i" ?e00e/ ? i% 3*r )*+' a) "ime delayed multipath signal causes inter-symbol interference of different waves! nter-symbol interference also has an impact on the burst error rate of the channel! n some cases, the second multipath signal is delayed so much that is it received during the ne6t symbol interval! b)
R= 1 2 d ! #rom

this it can be seen that as more multipath

transmission occur, the transmission rate will decrease due to late data @+ W!* i" 0re9$e%/, r*%4e o0 7#$e oo ! C!*%%e#1 2.'-2.'8() *H+