LCR Meter Using Pic Microcontroller

LCR METER USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
A Project Report On

In partial fulfillment of requirements for t e !e"ree of #ac elor of En"ineerin" In Electronics $ Telecommunications En"ineerin" Su%mitte! %&'
PRANITA #ARA( RASI0A C1A2AN A#1IS1E0 (1OTRE 1RUS1I0ES1 5OS1I E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-./. E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-./* E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-.34 E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-.+4
Un!er t e Gui!ance of Prof6Mr6C6#65os i an! Prof6Mrs6T a7ur (EPARTMENT O8 ELECTORNICS AN( TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING Marat 9a!a Mitraman!al:s Colle"e Of En"ineerin" 0ar;ena"ar Pune<,36
CERTIFICATE
T is is to certif& t at= PRANITA #ARA( RASI0A C1A2AN A#1IS1E0 (1OTRE 1RUS1I0ES1 5OS1I E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-./. E)AM SEAT NO'T*+,-./* E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-.34 E)AM SEAT NO' T*+,-.+4
of T.E(E & TC) successfull& complete! Project >or7 sta"e on

To our satisfaction an! su%mitte! t e same !urin" t e aca!emic &ear 3./.<3.// to9ar!s t e partial fulfillment of !e"ree of THIRD YEAR ENGINEERING in E & TC of Pune Uni;ersit& un!er t e (epartment of Electronics $ Telecommunication= MARATHWADA MITRA MANDALS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Pune ,36
Prof Mr.C. .!OSHI
Mr".A.P.THA#UR 3
Prof.Mr".S.N.DESHMU#H
(Pro$%&' G()*%)
(Co+Pro$%&' ,()*%)
(HOD,E & TC D%-')
AC#NOWLEDGEMENT
A lot as %een !one for t e timel& completion of our project report6 >e are in!e%te! to our teac ers an! frien!s 9it out 9 ose elp an! support t is project report 9oul! ne;er a;e %een complete!6 It "i;es us "reat pleasure to e?press our !eep sense of "ratitu!e to our colle"e project "ui!e Prof6 Mr6 C6#65os i $ Mrs6A6P T a7ur for t eir resourceful $ a%le "ui!ance 9 ic le! to timel& completion of t e project6 >e mana"e! to learn quite fe9 t in"s from t em 9 ic 9ill !efinitel& elp us in t e future6 >e 9oul! li7e to e?press our "ratitu!e= to our 16O6(6 Prof6 Mrs6 S6N6(es mu7 for er no%le "ui!ance an! constant encoura"ement in carr&in" out t is project report6 >e are i" l& o%li"e! to o%tain suc a staff6 >it out t eir support t is 9oul!n:t a;e %een possi%le6 Lastl&= our sincere t an7s to all t e staff mem%ers= %ot teac in" an! non<teac in"= 9 o elpe! us in all possi%le 9a&s to ma7e t is project seminar a success6
INDE. CONTENTS
CHAPTER / 0 INTRODUCTION AND PRO LEM STATEMENT /6/ INTRO(UCTION /63 PRO#LEM STATEMENT CHAPTER 2 0 LITERATURE SUR3EY AND O !ECTI3E 36/ LITERATURE SUR2E@ 363 O#5ECTI2E CHAPTER 5 0 LOC# DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION -6/ #LOC0 (IAGRAM -6/6/ (ESCRIPTION O8 #LOC0 (IAGRAM CHAPTER 6 0 HARDWARE DESIGN +6/ SPECI8ICATIONS +63 CIRCUIT (IAGRAM +6- MO(ULE >ISE (ESIGN +6+ PC# LA@OUT CHAPTER 7 0 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION ,6/ A#OUT SO8T>ARE ,63 8LO> C1ART ,6- 5USTI8ICATION AN( CALCULATION CHAPTER 8 0 SIMULATION RESULTS 46/ RESISTOR CIRCUIT 463 LAC CIRCUIT CHAPTER 1 0 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE B6/ CONCLUSION B63 8UTURE SCOPE , 59 57 21 /7 /2 4
PAGE NO.
1
CHAPTER 9 0 REFERENCES AND DATASHEETS *6/ >E# RE8ERENCES *63 #OO0 RE8ERENCES *6- (ATAS1EETS CHAPTER 40 COSTING OF MATERIALS
6:
62
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE FIG /0FUNCTIONAL LOC# DIAGRAM OF LCR METER FIG 20 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FIG 50PIN DIAGRAM OF /8F991 FIG 60RESISTOR CIRCUIT FIG 70 L;C CIRCUIT FIG 80POWER SUPPLY DESIGN FIG 10LCD INTERFACING FIG 90 SOLDER MAS# FIG 40 SIL#SCREEN TOP PAGE NO /5 /1 /4 2: 22 25 27 28 28
FIG /:0M)<roC COMPILER WINDOW FIG //0 FLOWCHART FIG /2 RESISTOR SIMULATION CIRCUIT FIG /50 L;C SIMULATION CIRCUIT
24 55 58 51
CHAPTER / 0 INTRODUCTION AND PRO LEM STATEMENT

/./ INTRODUCTION /.2 PRO LEM STATEMENT
/./ INTRODUCTION
Analo" instruments are usuall& %ase! on a microammeter 9 ose pointer mo;es o;er a scale cali%ration for all t e !ifferent measurements t at can %e ma!eD !i"ital instruments usuall& !ispla& !i"its= %ut ma& !ispla& a %ar of a len"t proportional to t e quantit& measure!6 An LCR meter instrument can %e a an!< el! !e;ice useful for %asic fault fin!in" an! fiel! ser;ice 9or7 or a %enc instrument 9 ic can measure to a ;er& i" !e"ree of accurac&6 T e& can %e use! to trou%les oot electrical pro%lems in a 9i!e arra& of in!ustrial an! ouse ol! !e;ices suc as electronic equipment= motor controls= !omestic appliances= po9er supplies= an! 9irin" s&stems6 Components are a;aila%le in a 9i!e ran"es of features an! prices6 Contemporar& it can measure man& quantities6 T e common ones are'

2olta"e= alternatin" an! !irect= in ;olts6 Current= alternatin" an! !irect= in amperes Resistance in o ms6 Capacitance in fara!s6 Con!uctance in siemens6 In!uctance in enr&s6
In our case LCR meter measures'

/.2 PRO LEM STATEMENT

To %uil! a lo9 cost= con;enient= accurate an! eas& to use L<C<R measurin" instrument speciall& for t e la%orator& an! small in!ustrial use6
/.
CHAPTER 20 LITERATURE SUR3EY AND O !ECTI3E

2./ LITERARURE SUR3EY 2.2 O !ECTI3E
//
2./ LITERATURE SUR3EY CURRENTL@ E)ISTING S@STEMS ' L=> )?"'r(@%?'0 ESCIENTI8ICF
It 9or7s on LCR series resonance circuit6it as + !i"it= B se"ment !ispla&6 It as t9o mo!es of operation ;iG series an! parallel accor!in" to 9 ic it can calculate ;alues of series an! parallel components6 It also as frequenc& selection 7no% to select t e accor!in" resonant frequenc& of operation6 It 9or7s on 3-.2,.1G AC sin"le p ase plu""e! in po9er suppl&6
F%='(r%"0
Auto<ran"in" To test frequencies 8our terminal test connectors #asic accurac& HA< .63,I Internal %ias for capacitor Measurement of series an! parallel components6
H)"'orA of )?"'r(@%?'" 0
Measurement insturuments 9ere in;ente! in t e earl& /C3.s as ra!io recei;ers an! ot er ;acuum tu%e electronic !e;ices %ecame more common6 T e in;ention of t e first multimeter is attri%ute! to #ritis Post Office en"ineer= (onal! Maca!ie= 9 o %ecame !issatisfie! 9it a;in" to carr& man& separate instruments require! for t e maintenance of t e telecommunications circuits6 Maca!ie in;ente! an instrument 9 ic coul! measure amperes Ea7a ampsF= ;olts an! o ms= so t e multifunctional meter 9as t en name! A;ometer6 T e meter comprise! a mo;in" coil meter= ;olta"e an! precision resistors= an! s9itc es an! soc7ets to select t e ran"e6 T e furt er !e;elopment of measurin" instruments 9as %ot = "eneral instruments 9 ic can measure man& parameters usin" t at sin"le instrument= as 9ell as t e application specific instruments 9 ic 9ere use! to measure specific parameter 9it i" accurac& an! precision6 T e instrument li7e LCR meter can %e use! in t e %uil!in" as 9ell as !e%u""in" of electrical circuits an! net9or7s Especificall& ar!9areF6 Also t e ot er parameters t at are important an! can %e measure! usin" !ifferent instruments currentl& present are= frequenc&= ;olta"e= current= time perio!= amplitu!e= RMS ;alue an! t e i" er en! instruments li7e spectrometers= mat anal&Gers= an! lo"ical anal&Ger etc6
/3
2.2 O !ECTI3E
To %uil! a lo9 cost= con;enient an! eas& to use (i"ital LCREin!uctor=capacitor=resistorF Meter6 In t e la%orator&= 9 ere t ere are num%er of components to %e teste! for t eir ;alue= LCR meter is t e %est an!< el! !e;ice use! no9<a<!a&s6 T e component to %e teste! is connecte! to t e meter an! a particular frequenc& is "enerate! !ue to t e frequenc& "enerate!6 T is frequenc& is t en "i;en as input to t e pic microcontroller6Usin" t is frequenc& t e LCR meter !ispla&s t e appro?imate ;alue of t e component in o ms or fara!s or enr& !epen!in" on t e component un!er test
/-
CHAPTER 5 0 LOC# DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 3.1.1 DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
/+
5./ LOC# DIAGRAM0<

Po9er Suppl&
Resistor measurement circuit
Si"nal con!itionin" %loc7
PIC /48 Micro Controller
LC(
LAC measurement circuit
Si"nal con!itionin" %loc7
LE( in!icators
FIG/0 FUNCTIONAL LOC# DIAGRAM OF LCR METER 5././ LOC# DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION T e %loc7 !ia"ram of LCR meter consists of t e follo9in" %loc7s' a6 Resistor measurement circuit %6 LAC measurement circuit c6 Si"nal con!itionin" %loc7 !6 PIC microcontroller e6 LC( !ispla& f6 LE( in!icators
5././ RESISTOR MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT0+ T e resistor measurement circuit measures t e ;alue of t e un7no9n resistance t at as %een inserte! in t e circuit
5./.2 L;C MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT0+ T is circuit measures t e un7no9n ;alues of t e in!uctors an! capacitors6 5./.5 SIGNAL CONDITIONING LOC#0+ >e "et t e actual parameter rea!in" in form of ;olta"e or current= 9 ic s oul! %e con;erte! into suita%le form to %e rea! on a PIC input pins6 T is 9or7 is !one %& t e J si"nal con!itionin" %loc7:6
/,
5./.6 PIC MICROCONTROLLER0+ 1ere microcontroller is interface! 9it LC( !ispla& to s o9 t e ;alues of t e components calculate! 6t e input to t e microcontroller is "i;en to its RTC pin6 5./.7 POWER SUPPLY0+ As microcontroller 9or7s on ,2 !c =9e nee! a po9er suppl&of ,2 !c to operate t e microcontroller6 5./.8 LCD DISPLAY0+ LC( is interface! 9it microcontroller to !ispla& t e rea!in"s6 5./.1 LED INDICATORS0+ T e LE(:s are require! to in!icate t e onAof f state of t e s&stem6
/4
CHAPTER 6 0 HARDWARE DESIGN

6./ SPECIFICATIONS 6.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 6.5 MODULE WISE DESIGN 6.6 PC LAYOUT
/B
6./ SPECIFICATIONS
/6 No of input c annels< 3
36 Inputs< LEin!uctanceF CEcapacitanceF REresistanceF
-6 LC( E/4K3F (ispla& t e components ;alue
+6 Po9er< mains 3-.2 sin"le p ase ,.1G ,6 ar!9are requirements< *<%it PIC /48 microcontroller (ispla&'/4K3 LC( mo!ule
46soft9are use!< MPLA# I(E 2*6,PIC pro"rammer Mi7roC compiler
/*
6.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
FIG 20 &)r&()' *)=,r=@
/C
6.5 MODULE WISE DESIGN

6.5./ M)&ro&o?'roBB%r U?)'0 iF SPEE(' It operates o;er a lar"e frequenc& ran"e (C 3. M1G oscillator cloc7 input6 (C< 3..nS instruction c&cle6 iiF RESOLUTION0 It as a resolution of /. %it6 iiiF PERIP1ERALS' aF IAO PORTS' It as , IAO ports A= #= C= ( an! E6 Port A' a6 Pin ,EAN-F use! for analo" input as an alternate function6 %6 Pin BERABF use! as output for rela& !ri;in" circuit6 Port #' Confi"ure! as output port an! use! for interfacin" LC( !ata an! control lines Ein L %it mo!eF to !ispla& t e messa"e an! rea!in"s6 Port C' a6 Pin /,ET/C0IFuse! as input for cloc7 / to count no6 of pulses of input 9a;e6 %F A(C' /+ c annel /. %it resolution6 cF PO>ER SUPPL@' Operatin" ;olta"e 3 to ,6,26 !F PO>ER CONSUMPTION' T&picall& in t e ran"e of -63m> to *6*m>6 eF TIMERACOUNTER' Timer.' *<%it TimerACounter 9it *<%it pro"ramma%le prescaler6 En ance! Timer/' </4<%it TimerACounter 9it prescaler <E?ternal Gate Input Mo!e < (e!icate! lo9<po9er -3 01G oscillator Timer3' *<%it TimerACounter 9it *<%it Perio! Re"ister= Prescaler an! Postscaler6 fF MEMOR@ ' RAM %&tes'<-4* (ATA EEPROM'<3,4 3.
FIG 50PIN DIAGRAM OF /8F991 PIC MICROCONTROLLER T is is a ;er& important part of our project6 #ein" a lcr meter 9e nee! to !etect correctl& t e ;alues of t e components 9it t e elp of control !e;ices6PIC/8F991 ser;es to our purpose an! co<or!inates t e entire s&stem6
#%A f%='(r%"0
Operatin" spee!' < (C<3. M G oscillatorAcloc7 input < (C<3.. ns instruction c&cle Precision internal oscillator' < soft9are tuna%le < t9o spee! start<up mo!e Po9er<sa;in" sleep mo!e En ance! lo9<current 9atc !o" timerE>(TF 9it on c ip oscillator 1i" en!urance 8LAS1AEEPROM cell' < /..=... 9rite 8LAS1 en!urance < /=...=... 9rite EEPROM en!urance 3+A-, IAO pins 9it in!i;i!ual !irection control < i" current sourceAsin7 for !irect LE( !ri;e < interrupt<on<c an"e<pin < in!i;i!uall& pro"ramma%le 9ea7 pull ups 3/
Analo" comparator mo!ule 9it < t9o analo" comparators < pro"ramma%le on<c ip ;olta"e reference EC2refFmo!uleEI of 2((F < comparator outputs an! inputs are e?ternall& accessi%le < SR latc mo!ule AA( con;erter' < /.<%it resolution an! //A/+ c annels Capture6compare=P>M mo!ule' < /4<%it capture=ma?=resolution /36, ns < /.<%it P>M=ma?=frequenc& 3. 7 G En ance! USART mo!ule' < supports RS<+*,=RS<3-3= AN( LIN 36. < auto<%au! !etect < auto<9a7e<up on start %it In<circuit!e%u""er
6.5.2 R%")"'or M%="(r%@%?' C)r&()'0

T is contains a simple unit& "ain follo9er as a constant current source 9 ic pro;i!es constant /mA current= 9 ic flo9s t rou" un7no9n resistor6 T is un7no9n resistor is of ;alue R?EassumeF 9 ic pro!uces some ;olta"e !rop 2? across it6 %& rea!in" t is ;olta"e on PIC 9e can easil& calculate t e resistor ;alue %& usin" t e simple formula 2?MIKR? #ut ere IMconstantM/Ma T us R?M2?AI
FIG 60RESISTOR CIRCUIT
33
6.5.5 L;C M%="(r%@%?' C)r&()'0 <

T is consists of an L<C oscillator tan7 circuit6 #& measurin" t e frequenc& an! c an"e in frequenc& t e ;alue of L or C can %e measure!6 An L<C tan7 circuit is use! in LC oscillator consistin" of a comparator ELM-//F6 T e measurement consists of t9o sta"es as follo9s '
=.C=B)>r=')o? "'=,% ' ere t e stan!ar! C an! L are use! in t e circuit to store a
stan!ar! frequenc& of oscillation for an L<C oscillator6 >e a;e t e formua as s o9n
NNNNNN66E/F >e a;e L M *3O1 an! C M /...p8 T us f/M /A3
M ,C, 01G6 >.C=B&(B=')o? "'=,% 0 ere an e?ternal L or C is connecte! %& user Ein series or parallel respecti;el& F 9 ic is to %e measure!6 Calculations are !one as follo9s6 FOR CC IN PARALLEL0
NNNN66E3F
3-
T e ;alue of C for cali%eration p ase ma& %e calculate! from t e formula %elo96
8OR JL: IN SERIES '
Sometimes if t e frequenc& is ;er& i" 9e "et a !istorte! 9a;e at t e output of LM-// as it 9or7s at lo9er frequencies6 To o;ercome t is 9e nee! a si"nal con!itionin" %loc7 Ean anot er comparatorF 9or7in" as normal si"nal comparator 9 ic %& comparin" t e input 9it t e reference ;olta"e pro!uces square 9a;e at its output6 8or t is a /.0P Preset in series 9it RM,..P connecte! to ,2E9 ic pro!uces suita%le reference ;olta"eF at in;ertin" terminal of LM-// is use!6 After t is to re!uce furt er ripples Eor rin"in"F in t e si"nal= IC 1E8+./.4# is use! 9 ic "i;es perfect square 9a;e of same frequenc& at output6
3+
FIG 70 L;C CIRCUIT
6.5.6 PoD%r S(--BA0

>e are usin" PIC/48**B microcontroller= so 9e nee! ,2 (C= to operate t e microcontroller6 so ere 9e a;e !esi"ne! a simple ,2 po9er suppl& %& usin" B*., IC6 > ic "i;es ,2 output at 2o terminal6 1ere t9o capacitors are connecte! to pin/ an! pin of B*., IC6 To remo;e ripple present in output of rectifier= 9e a;e use! t9o lar"e capacitors to "et ripple free output6 T e circuit operates on re"ulate! (C po9er suppl&6 Master unit Sla;e unit Input ;olta"e ' H,2 (C ' H,2 (C ' 3-.2= ,.1G= AC suppl&
Step !o9n transformer ' .< /32= /mA Re"ulator IC ' LMB*., EH,2 (CF
3,
FIG 80POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
R%,(B='or "%B%&')o? 0+
>e require H,2 as output ;olta"e6 1ence 9e use re"ulator IC B*., 9 ic "i;es H,2$ <,2 re"ulate! output resp6 (ropout 2olta"e of IC B*., M -2 2pM2mM2inM *Q/6/ M *6*2 T ermal consi!erations for re"ulator ' Tjma? for IC B*., is /3, RC Am%ient temp6 M Ta M 3,RC Po9er !issipation M 2in Q I P( M *6* Q / P( M *6* 9atts Sja M E Tjma? T TaF A P( M E/3, < 3,F A *6* Sja M //6-4-4 RCA> Sja specifie! in !atas eet for IC B*., is 4, RCA>6 1ence ESja specifie!F U ESja calculate!F T erefore 9e require eat sin7 for re"ulator IC6 F)'%r D%"),?0+ 2in ErippleF M 3.I of 2in M 3.A/.. Q * M /642 34
2rEp<pF /6B4 C C C
M M M M M
I!cA3fc /A E3 Q,.QCF /AE/..Q/6B4F ,64* Q /.<,4*/6*/ uf
2c M /6,Q 2p M /6, Q*6* M /-63 2 Capacitor require! for filterin" M ,4*/6*/ufA/-63 2 1ence 9e use stan!ar! electrol&tic capacitor of /...ufA3,26 R%&')f)%r D%"),? 0+ PI2 ratin" M 32p M /B64 2 1ence 9e use !io!e IN+../ in rectifier 9 ose PI2 ratin" ' ,.2 $ Current ratin" ' /A Tr=?"for@%r *%"),? 0+ 2/A23 M N/AN3 2/ M 3-.2 23 M E2pH/6+FA M E*6* H /6+FA M B63/3 2 N/AN3 M 3-.AB63/3 M -/6** N/AN3 M -3'/ I!c M 3 Im A Im M EI!c Q FA 3 Im M E/ Q A 3 M /6,BA Irms M Im A M /6// A 1ence 9e ta7e transformer of C2 ;olta"e ratin" $ /A6
6.5.7 A?=Bo, 'o D),)'=B Co?E%r'%r0
3B
T e input to t e A(C is t e analo" si"nal o%taine! from si"nal con!itionin" %loc7= t rou" PIC microcontroller6 T is A!c is use! to con;ert t e analo" input to !i"ital output for furt er processin"6
6.5.8 LCD(L)F()* CrA"'=B D)"-B=A)0

LC( is use! to !ispla& messa"es to user an! t e calculate! output6
FIG 10LCD INTERFACING
3*
6.6 PC LAYOUT
FIG 90 SOLDER MAS#
FIG 40 SIL#SCREEN TOP
3C
CHAPTER 7 0 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

7./ A OUT SOFTWARE 7.2 FLOW CHART 7.5 !USTIFICATION AND CALCULATION
-.
7./ A OUT SOFTWARE+ a6 MI0ROC= mi7roEle7troni7a C compiler for Microc ip PIC microcontrollers 2ersion' *6.6.6. %6 >INPIC *..
Mi7roC is a po9erful= feature ric !e;elopment tool for PIC micros6 It is !esi"ne! to pro;i!e t e customer 9it t e easiest possi%le solution for !e;elopin" applications for em%e!!e! s&stems= 9it out compromisin" performance or control6 PIC an! C fit to"et er 9ell' PIC is t e most popular *<%it c ip in t e 9orl!= use! in a 9i!e ;ariet& of applications= an! C= priGe! for its efficienc&= is t e natural c oice for !e;elopin" em%e!!e! s&stems6 mi7roC pro;i!es a successful matc featurin" i" l& a!;ance! I(E= ANSI compliant compiler= %roa! set of ar!9are li%raries = compre ensi;e !ocumentation= an! plent& of rea!&<to<run e?amples6
-/
FIG 10:MikroC compil r !i"#o!
MikroC $%&"#&r# ' &%(r $:

< >rite &our C source co!e usin" t e i" l& a!;ance! Co!e E!itor < Use t e inclu!e! mi7roC li%raries to !ramaticall& spee! up t e !e;elopment !ata acquisition= memor&= !ispla&s= con;ersions= communicationsN < Monitor &our pro"ram structure= ;aria%les= an! functions in t e Co!e E?plorer6 Generate commente!= uman<rea!a%le assem%l&= an! stan!ar! 1E) compati%le 9it all pro"rammers6 < Inspect pro"ram flo9 an! !e%u" e?ecuta%le lo"ic 9it t e inte"rate! (e%u""er6 Get
!etaile! reports an! "rap s on co!e statistics= assem%l& listin"= callin" treeN < >e a;e pro;i!e! plent& of e?amples for &ou to e?pan!= !e;elop= an! use as %uil!in" %ric7s in &our projects.
LIBRAR) RO*TINES:
-3
Mi7roC pro;i!es a set of li%raries 9 ic simplifies t e initialiGation an! use of PIC MCU an! its mo!ules6 Li%rar& functions !o not require an& ea!er files to %e inclu!e!D &ou can use t em an&9 ere in &our projects6 Currentl& a;aila%le li%raries are' 1ar!9areAPIC<specific Li%raries < A(C Li%rar& < CAN Li%rar& < CANSPI Li%rar& < Compact 8las Li%rar& < EEPROM Li%rar& < Et ernet Li%rar& < SPI Et ernet Li%rar& < 8las Memor& Li%rar& < Grap ic LC( Li%rar& < T4C4-C Grap ic LC( Li%rar& < IVC Li%rar& < 0e&pa! Li%rar& < LC( Li%rar& < LC( Custom Li%rar&
--
< LC(* Li%rar& < Manc ester Co!e Li%rar& < Multi Me!ia Car! Li%rar& < One>ire Li%rar& < PSA3 Li%rar& < P>M Li%rar& < RS<+*, Li%rar& < Soft9are IVC Li%rar& < Soft9are SPI Li%rar& < Soft9are UART Li%rar& < Soun! Li%rar& < SPI Li%rar& < USART Li%rar& < US# 1I( Li%rar& < Util Li%rar& < SPI Grap ic LC( Li%rar& < SPI LC( Li%rar& < SPI LC(* Li%rar&
-+
< SPI T4C4-C Grap ic LC( Li%rar& Stan!ar! ANSI C Li%raries < ANSI C Ct&pe Li%rar& < ANSI C Mat Li%rar& < ANSI C St!li% Li%rar& < ANSI C Strin" Li%rar& Miscellaneous Li%raries < Con;ersions Li%rar& < Tri"onometr& Li%rar& < sprint Li%rar& < Setjmp Li%rar& < Time Li%rar& < Port E?pan!er Li%rar&
-,
7.2 FLOW+CHART0
FIG //0 FLOWCHART
-4
7.5 !USTIFICATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
<1ar!9are testin" !one usin" %rea!%oar!s an! "eneral purpose PC#
+RESULTS 0+
/F Cali%rate! frequenc& measure! 9it LM*3O1= CM3...pf 8M -C-6.., 01G<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< E T eoreticall&F 8M +/* 01G<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< EPracticall&F 3F Circuit for R /mA Constant current <<<<<<<<<<<<<<< E T eoreticall& F IM .6C* mA<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< EPracticall&F -F Circuit for LAC L M *3O1 = CM4*/pf = 8M3/36C01G LM *3O1 = CM/...pf= 8M,C,01G Un7no9n C?M /.pf W Actual ;alue M *pf W practicall& o%ser;e!6
-B
CHAPTER 80SIMULATION RESULTS

8./ RESISTOR CIRCUIT 8.2 L;C CIRCUIT
-*
8./ RESISTOR CIRCUIT
FIG /20 RESISTOR CIRCUIT
-C
8.2 L;C CIRCUIT
FIG /5 0 L;C SIMULATION CIRCUIT
8.5 SIMULATION RESULT TA LE0+
SR NO / 3 +
PARAMETER IEcurrentF 2E2olta"e<RF 2E2olta"e<LACF 8requenc&
T1EORETICAL /mA +2 -2 ,C,7 G
PRACTICAL /63+mA -6B42 -6.,2 ,,.7 G
+.
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

1./ CONCLUSION 1.2 FUTURE SCOPE
+/
1./ CONCLUSION
T e results 9e o%taine! are perfectl& satisfactor&6 9e are a%le to measure t e ;alues of t e un7no9n in!uctors= capacitors an! resistors t at 9e place! in t e circuit for measurement correctl&6 Usin" t e PIC /48**B microcontroller t e manual calculations in;ol;e! are re!uce!6LCR meter as 9i!e use in t e small scale in!ustries an! la%oratories6 alon" 9it measurin" L=C an! R = 9e can also measure XYZ t at is t e electrical properties of capacitors an! coils6
1.2 FUTURE SCOPE

>e can a!! an a!!itional parameter in t e LCR meter 9 ic is t e XYZ= qualit& factor6 T is ena%les us to measure t e Y factor of t e in!uctors an! capacitors6 Also furt er 9e can interface 7e&pa!6 T e accurac& an! t e ran"e of t e LCR meter can also %e increase! for lar"e scale in!ustrial application6
+3
CHAPTER 9 0 REFERENCES AND DATASHEETS

9./ WE REFERENCES 9.2 OO# REFERENCES 9.5 DATASHEETS
+-
9./ WE REFERNCES0+ ttp'AAiron%ar76%en!i"o6latro%e6e!u6auA[riceAlcA ttp'AA9996;74 f6comA;74f Alc\meter\;74f 6 tm ttp'AA em6passa"en6seAcommunicationAlc6 tml ttp'AAelectronics<!i&6com
9.2
OO# REFERENCES0+
/6Pic microcontroller %& MAZIDI an! MAZIDI 36*.,/ microcontroller %& MAZIDI an! MAZIDI 36Analo" !esi"n %& RAMAKANT GAIKWAD
9.5 DATASHEETS0+ /6PIC /48**B microcontroller 36 IC LM-// -6IC UAB+/ +6IC 1E8+./.4# ,6IC B*., 46LC( /4K/ B6(IO(E /N+..B
++
CHAPTER 40 COSTING OF MATERIAL
+,
COSTING OF MATERIALS
SR NO. 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
10 11 12 13
COMPONENT NAME MAIN ICSIC PIC16F887 IC LM311 IC UA 741 IC HEF40106B Regulator IC 7805 IC BASE40 P ! "IF #o$%et 8 & ! IC Ba'e 14 & ! IC Ba'e CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR8 MH( CONNECTORS8 PI) Rel *ate $o!!e$tor DIODES"e!er 4+7, - o.e 1)4007 DISPLAYLC- 16/2
CAPACITORS-
QUANTIT Y 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 6 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 4 5 4 1 1
1
PRICE(Rs. ) 125 9 7 15 10 35 7 10 8 18 2 2
120
AMOUNT(Rs.) 125 18 7 15 10
35 21
10
36 2 12 120 16 12 20 2 1 0+5 0+5 0+5 1 1 1+25 1 0+25 0+25

0+25 0+25 15
14 10 01 15 0+3301 16 1000 0F 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 500 o5* 29 8+2% o5* 30 10% &re'et
1000&F2Pol3e'te r4 22&F 1000&F 10!F 100!F RESISTORS330 o5* 10% o5* 1% o5* 100% o5* 47% o5* 6+8% o5*
8 6 10 1 0+5 0+5 0+5 0+5 0+3 0+25 0+25 0+25 0+25

0+25
0+25
0+25
1 3 +4
31 re' 'tor ' &
1 1 1 1 3 1 4 1
1 1
10 3 4 4 1 25 10
7 40 1400 787AL AM8U)79
10 3
4
INDUCTOR32 820H
TRANSISTORS6$547 6$557 LEDRELAYSWITCHES37 #P-7 38 RE#E7

33 34 35 36 39 TRANSFORMER40 PCB-
4 3 25 40 7 40
1400 1879+75:;
+B

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LCR METER USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER