Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo

CHAPTER l Introduction

Background of the Study As the modernization explodes all over the world, the living of the people is more highly classified. Because of the evolution of the technology, more people rely and depend on the flow of the technology which helps them most on their lifestyle. Though it is a big help to lighten the workloads of human being, still it causes non-behavioral trait, which is laziness. One of still continuously evolving software is a system. A system is a collection of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting input and producing output in an organized transformation process. A Proficiency Level of First Year College of Information and Communications Technology Student of Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus in Programming Skills is a system that provides questions that measures the knowledge skills of the First Year College of Information and Communications Technology student in programming. The said system is a good example of computers based system that lessens the workload and provides result that benefits the students and also the school.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo The said system is in a form of exam that can also be used as an entrance exam for the upcoming first year student of the College of Information and Communications Technology Department. It will only benefit the said department.

Objectives of the Study

General Objectives To develop a system that will test the knowledge skills of the First Year College of Information and Communications Technology students of Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus in Programming skills through a questionnaire type of system. This system is generally aims to measure the cleverness of the first year students in programming.

Specific Objectives Specifically the project aimed to: Measure the knowledge of the students in programming; and Classified the students according to their familiarity in programming.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Project Scope and Limitation

This study will be conducted to develop a system that will test the knowledge skills and the ability of the First Year students of the College of Information and Communications Technology in Programming and prepare them in different terms that they will encounter through a multiple choice type of questionnaire. The system will be answered by the student and will rate them based on every correct answer they have got.

This system is applicable and focuses on the First Year Students of the College of Information and Communications Technology Department.

The system will classify the student base on their capability.

Significance of the Study

The Proficiency Level of First Year College of Information and Communications Technology student of Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus in Programming Skills will evaluate the First Year College of Information and Communications Technology student in programming.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Through a multiple choice type of questionnaire, the professor that will handle the first year student in programming course will be guided and help him decide on how and what level he would begin in teaching them. Since the system is classified, it would be easy to the professor to teach them the basics of programming.

For the student, they will be more capable on where they should focus and what should be improved.

For the school, it would help them produce a graduate who are skilled most on their chosen field.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Definition of Terms Level -based on Merriam Webster Dictionary it refers to a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. -in this study, it is the knowledge of the students on programming language. Proficiency - based on Merriam Webster Dictionary skillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity -in this study the ability of a person that is being performed into a given situation. Programming - based on Merriam Webster Dictionary a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute -in this study it is the subject that will be measured by the system Software - the programs and other operating information used by a computer. -in this study, this will be the information that will operate in this system. Student -a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution -in this study, this will be the respondents of the study.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo System - based on Merriam Webster Dictionary it is the collection of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting input and producing output in an organized transformation process

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Chapter II Review of the Related Literature

Each programming language provides a perspective an identification of basic concepts that people use to formulate and solve problems in a domain of interest. Programming languages are typically designed to specify computations on a digital computer and therefore (potentially in combination with their implementation) have a completely precise formal semantics. Understanding that such a thing is possible and in some cases are already an important intellectual leap. Students should acquire this understanding as part of an introductory class in computer science when they write computer programs. The additional contribution that a programming languages class can make understands that there are multiple possible perspectives, and that the perspective one uses can make an enormous difference in the result one achieves. Specifically, the perspective affects and can even shape the following activities: Problem Choice: Because the perspective provides a way of thinking, it influences the problems one perceives and attempts to solve. Problem Formulation: Once one has identified a problem, the perspective plays an important role in how the problem is formulatedwhich parts of the problem one pays attention to and develops which parts one ignores or even remains oblivious to. Problem Solution: There is a continuum of programming languages ranging from general-purpose languages (such as Java and C++) designed

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo to support virtually any computation through to domain-specific languages designed to support only a very narrowly focused class of computations. There are also general-purpose languages (such as Prolog, Scheme, or ML) whose basic concepts and approaches differ significantly from other more popular general-purpose languages. It is well known that some languages work much better for solving certain classes of problems than others. When a language and a problem domain work well together, the solutions are more compact, easier to understand, and (as discussed further below) more reliable. Indeed, a large enough mismatch can make it impossible to satisfactorily solve the problem. Errors: People working with a language and perspective that matches the basic concepts of the problem domain make many fewer errors than people working with a language that is less well matched. The reason is that working through a translation from the concepts in the problem domain to the concepts in the problem solution imposes a cognitive burden. Errors are often the result of this burden overwhelming the cognitive capacity of the person developing the solution. One of the reasons why programs written in general-purpose programming languages tend to have more errors than programs written in domain-specific languages is that general-purpose languages almost always impose a more complex concept translation than domain-specific languages (which ideally impose no concept translation at all).

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Intellectual Importance Understanding that perspectives can have such a powerful impact on results is an important realization. Most people adopt their perspectives unconsciously, to the point that much of the time they are not explicitly aware that they have a perspective at all. Knowing that alternate and potentially different or better perspectives are always available is a key stage in ones intellectual development. It helps people better understand the limitations of their reasoning, more readily listen to others that may have different perspectives, and integrate a multiple perspective approach explicitly into the way they choose, formulate, and solve problems. A person with this understanding can operate more effectively in a range of contexts that occur in all aspects of life, not just the professional activities of a computer scientist. Given that this is such an important and general concept with such broad applicability, why is it best taught in the context of a programming language class (or, for that matter, in the context of computer science at all)? The reason is that the combination of programming languages and automated, immediate feedback via execution on a computer helps to make the concept precise, immediate, and accessible to students. For example, solving the same problem using two different languages with different (mis)matches to the concepts in the domain can make the importance of the perspective painfully obvious. This experience can prepare the student to then better comprehend the concepts associated with the presence of multiple perspectives when they are introduced as a topic of reflection after the exercise.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Activities in the humanities, in contrast, tend to be much more abstract, indirect, and imprecise. The feedback cycle is longer and the evaluation less clear cut. Because the evaluation is delayed and not automated, students can often cut corners and miss key details with no immediate consequences or feedback. The result is that students are less prepared to understand the significance of multiple perspectives, must make more of an intellectual leap to develop this understanding, and can more easily come away from the experience without having grasped the concept. Other fields of computer science and engineering tend to come with one specific perspective that works well in that field indeed, one of the primary purposes of education in that field is typically to transmit that perspective to students. Programming languages is close to unique in its heavy emphasis on multiple perspectives (as embodied precisely and concretely in different languages) as a central motif of the field. It is therefore the ideal field in which to explore this broad and general concept. Pragmatic Applications Understanding the importance of perspectives on solution effectiveness will be central to the success of students who choose to pursue careers in computer science or other areas with a strong technical component. Many tasks now involve the use of multiple programming languages, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, and understanding how to partition the problem across the languages is crucial to developing an effective solution. Even a problem as common as building a database-backed web service may involve the use of a scripting language, a database interface language, a traditional general-purpose programming language, and a hypertext pre-processor.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo Understanding how to operate effectively in these kinds of multilingual environments (and the potentially even more complex multilingual environments of the more sophisticated systems our students will develop in the future) will be crucial to the career success of our students. One effective strategy is to organize the development of a system around a set of domain-specific languages engineered for that purpose. This approach can be dramatically more productive than the standard approach of using off-the shelf languages that may not be as well suited to the task. This approach, however, requires a very talented developers. It is not clear how many of our students can be educated to this level of skill. There are two reasons why it is important to expose all students to this approach. First, it helps to ensure that students who do have the inherent potential to use this approach become exposed to the ideas they need to realize this potential. And second, it helps students who do not have this potential to be better able to work effectively in such an environment.

(Rinard M. Using Programming Language Concepts to Teach General Thinking Skills Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 021139)

Homework assistance is one of many components in an afterschool program and the practices outlined in this review, while not wholly explained in the context of

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo afterschool programs, are critical to the success of supporting school day assignments and have well established benefits. Given the amount of local, state, and federal resources being provided for afterschoolthe interest in creating programs that are supporting student academic achievement for low-achieving students has increased. After school programs have the capacity to assist students when there is lack of parental support, knowledge or time. After school activities must allow students to expand their learning opportunities through exposure, practice, and mentorship. These homework practices provide students to complete assigned tasks in the proper environment, with the proper resources and support. As research continues in the field of academic enrichment and support in afterschool, it is necessary to continue to consider the nature of the afterschool context. The quality of program implementation and staff knowledge and expertise are also critical to the execution of high quality programming and homework support.

(Johnson T., McComb E., 2008. Homework In Afterschool Serve Center at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro) Learning and Teaching Styles Many researchers have proclaimed the significance of identifying preferred teaching styles and preferred learning styles. Claxton and Ralston (1978, in Miller, 1982) alluded to this significance: The research findings on learning styles offer substantial promise to teachers, counselors, and the students themselves in terms of finding better ways for students to

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo learn. But while matching learning style with instructional mode apparently facilitates positive interpersonal relations, and while it would seem to point the way for increased learning, the empirical data that support this idea are rather scarce. Such a significant gap in the research must be filled if knowledge about learning styles is to become a significant force in improving college and university teaching (p. 36). However, identifying and defining the vast number of learning styles can become an enormous task. According to Cornett (1983), the myriad of labels and categories used in identifying the different areas of style can be overwhelming for educators. Corbett and Smith (1984) stated: Learning style is a complex construct involving the interaction of numerous elements; thus, at the outset, the experimenter is faced with the difficult task of having to decide which dimensions of learning style to elucidate and which interactions might be meaningful, in a practical sense, in understanding their contribution to achievement (p. 212). There are many definitions of learning styles in the literature. For example, Cornett defined learning style as a consistent pattern of behavior but with a certain range of individual variability (p. 9). Hunt (1979) thought that learning style describes a student in terms of those educational conditions under which he is most likely to learn. Learning style describes how a student learns, not what he has learned (p. 27). From a phenomenological viewpoint, Gregorc and Ward (1977) stated that learning style consists of distinctive and observable behaviors that provide clues about the mediation abilities of individuals. In operational terms, people through their characteristic sets of behavior tell us how their minds relate to the world, and therefore, how they learn

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo (p.19). Keefe and Languis, (1983) contended that learning style is the composite of 8 characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment (p. 3). They suggested that it is within these domains that instructors identify learning styles and try to match them with an appropriate teaching style. Cross (1976) defined learning styles as the characteristic ways that individuals collect, organize, and transform information into useful knowledge. Learning style is consistent across a wide variety of tasks. It has a broad influence on how information is processed and problems are solved, and it remains stable over many years. Teaching style was defined by Fischer and Fischer (1979) as a pervasive way of approaching the learners that might be consistent with several methods of teaching (p.251). Conti (1989) contended that the overall traits and qualities that a teacher displays in the classroom and that are consistent for various situations can be described as teaching style (p. 3). The instructors philosophical beliefs are portrayed in the classroom through their teaching style (Brookfield, 1988). Knowles (1970) asserted that the behavior of the teacher probably influences the character of the learning climate more than any other single factor (p. 41). Teaching style consists of an instructors personal behavior and the media used to transmit or receive data to or from the learner (Gregorc, 1979). Matching is defined in terms of compatibility, the interactive effects of person and environment (Hunt, 1979). Anderson and Bruce (1979) suggested that matching students with selected learning environments is an efficacious means of increasing student

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo achievement, particularly when the matching is conducted on the basis of a students learning style (p. 88). Matching teaching style with learning style produces an environment wherein students learn best (Gregorc & Butler, 1984).

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo CHAPTER III Methodology

This chapter discusses the method used, and data gathering procedure that were used to conduct this study. A thorough understanding of the system under study is very important. The study is based on the manual entrance examination of the College of Information in Communications Technology, Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus. The study was conducted at College of Information and Communications Technology Department of Iloilo State College of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus. The system was analyzed base on the gathered information that is being needed by the study. The researcher gathered various data to analyze the proposed study. The researcher used Data Flow Diagram to represent the process of the system.

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo

Software Life Cycle Model

Planning Analysis Design Coding Testing

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo

Requirements Phase

1. Planning During this phase, the researcher prepared a questionnaire and conducted an interview to the First Year Student of the College of Information and Communications Technology. In regards to the system.

2. Analysis During this period, the researcher analyzed the gathered information that is being conducted from the respondents.

3. Design Phase During this period the researcher designed a system that user friendly and functional.

The system was designed only for the First Year Student of the College of Information and Communications Technology Department of Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Barotac Nuevo Campus. The system will allow the student to enter some of required information that being asked by the system. The information that is being filled-up by the student will be the systems basis. After the student

Republic of the Philippines ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Barotac Nuevo Campus Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo answered the question that is being asked, the system will produce an output that contains result and classification.

4. Coding During this phase, the researcher set codes for the system based on the software design. The system is first developed in smaller portions called units. They are able to stand alone from a functional aspect and are integrated later on to form the complete software package.

5. Testing Phase During this period, the researcher tested the system and secures at each part of the system functions well. The system was operated again and again to ensure that the data inputs were processed accurately. 5.1 Initial Testing Initial testing is conducted to ensure that there are no bugs on the system. Finalization of the system will be done after the system had conducted the initial testing. 5.2 Final Testing Final testing is conducted after the initial testing when the bugs are already cleared.