amenities-based businesses such as art galleries, clothing retail, salons, resta urants and coffee shops.

During the summer of 2007, 9th and 9th saw sidewalk and street improvements as well as an art installation by Troy Pillow of Seattle, W ashington inspired by the 9 Muses of Greek myth, thanks in part to a monetary gr ant from Salt Lake City. Many of the homes in the valley date from pre World War II times, and only a selec t few areas, such as Federal Heights and the East Bench, as well as the far west side, including parts of Rose Park and Glendale, have seen new home constructio n since the 1970s. Climate[edit] Main article: Climate of Salt Lake City The climate of the Salt Lake City area is characterized as subhumid, but not sem i-arid as often claimed.[citation needed] Under the Kppen climate classification, Salt Lake City has a dry-summer continental climate (Dsa), a relatively rare fo rm of the continental climate where a region experiences dry summers and wet win ters. In Kppen climate classification, when the precipitation is more or less distribut ed throughout the year, if the quotient [mean annual precipitation (in cm)] / [m ean annual temperature (in C) + 7] is between 1 and 2, the climate is considered semi-arid. About 43% of the annual precipitation is in the warmest 6 months (so 57% in the coldest 6 months) in Salt Lake City; therefore, the precipitation is more or less distributed throughout the year. The mean annual precipitation is e xactly equal to 40.87 cm (16.09 in) while the annual mean temperature is around 11.6 C (53 F) so the Salt Lake City's Kppen quotient is equal to about 2.2, which i s clearly superior to the Kppen semi-arid limit of 2. Therefore, the Salt Lake Ci ty's climate is not semi-arid. There are four distinct seasons. Both summer and winter are long, with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters, and with spring and fall serving as brief but c omfortable transition periods. Spring is the wettest season, while summer is ver y dry. Snow occurs on average from November 6 to April 18, producing a total ave rage of 61.0 inches (155 cm).[38] The snowiest season was 1951-52, with 117.3 in ches (298 cm), while the least snowy season was 16.6 inches (42 cm) in 1933-34.[ 39] The snowiest month on record was January 1993, in which 50.3 inches (128 cm) were recorded.[40] The primary source of precipitation in Salt Lake City are massive Pacific storms that move in from the Pacific Ocean along the jet stream from approximately Oct ober through May. Particularly cold storms have brought measurable snow as early as September 17 and as late as May 24.[41][42] The nearby Great Salt Lake can h elp enhance rain from some of these storms and produces lake-effect snow approxi mately 6 to 8 times per year, some of which can drop excessive snowfalls. It is estimated that about 10% of the annual precipitation in the city can be attribut ed to the lake effect.[43] After the Pacific train of storms has shut off and th e jet stream has retreated far to the north during summer, the primary source of precipitation is afternoon thunderstorms generated by monsoon moisture moving u p from the Gulf of California during mid-to-late summer. Although rainfall can b e heavy, these storms are usually scattered in coverage and rarely severe. The r emnants of tropical cyclones from the East Pacific can very occasionally make th eir way into the city during September and October. The remnants of Hurricane Ol ivia helped bring the record monthly precipitation of 7.04 inches (179 mm) in Se ptember 1982.[44][45] 1983 was the wettest year on record, with 24.26 inches (61 6 mm). This occurred during a particularly wet period - 1982, 1983, and 1984 wer e 3 of the 4 wettest years on record. The driest year occurred just 4 years prev iously in 1979, when 8.70 inches (221 mm) were recorded.[46] Salt Lake City features large variations in temperatures between seasons. During summer, there are an average of 56 days per year with temperatures of at least 90 F (32.2 C), 23 days of at least 95 F (35 C), and 5 days of 100 F (37.8 C).[47] Howe ver, average daytime July humidity is only 22%, causing these extreme temperatur es to feel relatively comfortable.[48] Winters are quite cold but rarely frigid. While there are an average of 127 days that drop to or below freezing,[49] and 26 days with high temperatures that fail to rise above freezing,[49] the city on

ly averages 2.3 days at or below 0 F (-17.8 C).[49] The record high temperature is 107 F (42 C), which occurred first on July 26, 1960 and again on July 13, 2002, w hile the record low is -30 F (-34 C), which occurred on February 9, 1933. During m id-winter, strong areas of high pressure often situate themselves over the Great Basin, leading to strong temperature inversions. This causes air stagnation and thick smog in the valley from several days to weeks at a time and can result in the worst air-pollution levels in the U.S., reducing air quality to unhealthy l evels.[50][51][dead link] Aside from occasional heavy snows in winter, severe we ather is very rare. However, an F2 tornado did hit downtown on August 11, 1999, killing 1 person, injuring 60, and causing $170 million in damage. In addition, snowmelt from the surrounding mountains can cause localized stream flooding duri ng late spring and early summer, the worst examples being in 1952 and especially 1983, when City Creek burst its banks, forcing city engineers to convert severa l downtown streets, including State Street, into waterways.[52] [hide]Climate data for Salt Lake City (Salt Lake City Int'l), 1981 2010 normals Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high F (C) 63 (17) 69 (21) 80 (27) 89 (32) 99 (37) 105 (41) 107 (42) 106 (41) 100 (38) 89 (32) 75 (24) 69 (21) 107 (42) Average high F (C) 37.4 (3) 43.2 (6.2) 53.7 (12.1) 61.6 (16.4) 71.9 (22.2) 83.0 (28.3) 92.6 (33.7) 90.5 (32.5) 79.2 (26.2) 64.7 (18.2) 49.4 (9.7) 38.0 (3.3) 63.9 (17.7) Average low F (C) 21.6 (-5.8) 25.2 (-3.8) 33.6 (0.9) 39.5 (4.2) 47.8 (8.8) 56.4 (13.6) 64.7 (18.2) 63.4 (17.4) 53.0 (11.7) 41.3 (5.2) 30.6 (-0.8) 22.4 (-5.3) 41.7 (5.4) Record low F (C) -22

(-30) -30 (-34) 0 (-18) 14 (-10) 25 (-4) 32 (0) 40 (4) 37 (3) 27 (-3) 16 (-9) -14 (-26) -21 (-29) -30 (-34) Precipitation inches (mm) 1.25 (31.8) 1.25 (31.8) 1.79 (45.5) 1.99 (50.5) 1.95 (49.5) 0.98 (24.9) 0.61 (15.5) 0.69 (17.5) 1.21 (30.7) 1.52 (38.6) 1.45 (36.8) 1.41 (35.8) 16.10 (408.9) Snowfall inches (cm) 12.4 (31.5) 10.8 (27.4) 6.4 (16.3) 4.3 (10.9) 0.3 (0.8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1.4 (3.6) 7.5 (19.1) 13.1 (33.3) 56.3 (143) Avg. precipitation days (= 0.01 in) 10.1 9.4 5.6 4.4 5.4 5.8 7.1 9.1 9.9 Avg. snowy days (= 0.1 in) 8.5 6.2 4.2 0 0 0 0.9 4.2 8.2 34.8 Mean monthly sunshine hours 127.1 163.9 241.8 381.3 353.4 300.0 248.0 150.0 111.6 3,029.5 Source: NOAA (extremes 1874 present),[49][53] Hong Kong 1-1990) [54] Demographics[edit] Historical population Census Pop. 1850 6,157 1860 1870 1880 1890 8,236 12,854 20,768 44,843 % 33.8% 56.1% 61.6% 115.9%

9.9 95.6 2.4 270.0

9.9 0.2 322.4

9.0 0 360.0

Observatory (sun only, 196

1900 53,531 19.4% 1910 92,777 73.3% 1920 116,110 25.1% 1930 140,267 20.8% 1940 149,934 6.9% 1950 182,121 21.5% 1960 189,454 4.0% 1970 175,885 -7.2% 1980 163,034 -7.3% 1990 159,936 -1.9% 2000 181,743 13.6% 2010 186,440 2.6% Est. 2012 189,314 [55] 1.5% source:[56][57] At the 2010 Census, the city's population was 75.1% White, 2.7% African American , 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.4% Asian, 2.0% Native Hawaiian and O ther Pacific Islander, 10.7% from other races and 3.7% of mixed descent. 22.3% o f the total population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[58] Salt Lake City's population has historically been predominantly white.[59] Betwe en 1860 and 1950 whites represented about 99% of the city's population.[59] 37.0% of the population had a Bachelor's degree or higher. 18.5% of the populati on was foreign born and another 1.1% was born in Puerto Rico, U.S. island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s). 27.0% spoke a language other than English at home.[60] As of the census[2] of 2010, there are 186,440 people (up from 181,743 in 2000), 75,177 households, and 57,543 families residing in the city. This amounts to 6. 75% of Utah's population, 18.11% of Salt Lake County's population, and 16.58% of the new Salt Lake metropolitan population. The area within the c