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Question you dont want graded:

Math 23 Di Eq: Final (Fall 2007)

3 hours, each question worth 15 points. Answer 8 out of 9 questions. You MUST indicate which one you dont want graded above (whichever is lowest is not acceptable!). 1 side of notes allowed. No calculator needed; no algebra-capable ones allowed. Read questions carefully so you dont miss parts. Good luck and enjoy! 1. Consider y + 2 y = 0 (a) [3 points] Find the general solution y (x).

(b) [4 points] If y (0) = 1 and y (2) = 1, nd and sketch a solution or explain why there is none. Is it unique?

(c) [4 points] If y (0) = 0 and y (1) = 0 nd and sketch a solution or explain why there is none. Is it unique?

(d) [4 points] Find an expression for all eigenvalues of y + y = 0 with the above boundary conditions y (0) = 0 and y (1) = 0. Be careful to state where your series starts. Sketch the lowest couple of eigenfunctions.

(e) [BONUS 3 points] Prove that there are no negative eigenvalues

2. Heat ows in a rod of length 1 according to ut = uxx . It is initially at a uniform temperature 10 deg F. At t = 0 the left end is attached to a constant-temperature refrigerator at 0 deg F and the right end to a pile of snow at a constant 20 deg F. (a) [3 points] What temperature distribution is approached in the limit t ?

(b) [12 points] Find the temperature evolution u(x, t) for all t > 0. [Hint: use the symmetry of the required temperature change function to check expected terms disappear!]

3. Consider the equations dx/dt = x 3y and dy/dt = 3x y . (a) [7 points] Find the general solution (using real-valued functions).

(b) [3 points] Find the solution with initial condition x(0) = 1, y (0) = 0.

(c) [2 points] Sketch this motion in the (x, y ) plane, being sure to show the direction of motion.

(d) [2 points] Characterize (describe) the type of xed point. Is the motion stable? Is it asymptotically stable?

(e) [2 points] What is the largest interval of time t over which the solution must be unique? By changing one of the equations, show an example system which might not be unique on this interval.

1 4. Consider the matrix A = 0 0 1 (a) [4 points] Show that 0 0 values.

2 1 4 3 . 6 5 0 and 1 are eigenvectors of A, and nd the corresponding eigen2

(b) [5 points] Find as many linearly independent eigenvectors as possible.

(c) [6 points] Find the general solution to the system x = Ax.

5. The Schr odinger equation in a harmonic well, namely, 1 y + 2x2 y = y 2 is very important in quantum physics. Solve this equation to write a general formula for y (x) using a power series expansion about x0 = 0. (Please give only the rst 3 terms of each function in the general solution)

[BONUS 3 point]: Continue the even terms until you spot the pattern, then identify the function it represents.

6. Consider the equation ey 2x + xey

dy = 0 with y (2) = 0. dx

(a) [3 points] What can you say rigorously about existence and uniqueness of the solution (without solving)?

(b) [10 points] Find an explicit formula for the solution y (x).

(c) [2 points] What is the largest x domain in which your solution is in fact valid?

7. A mass m = 1 is attached to a spring constant k = 25 and friction causes damping = 2. (a) [2 points] Is the system over-, under-, or critically damped?

(b) [3 points] What is the quasifrequency, in cycles per second, and the Q factor?

(c) [5 points] If a driving force of sin 5t is applied, nd the steady state solution and the general motion.

(d) [5 points] If damping is changed to zero, repeat the previous question.

(e) [BONUS 2 points] If, with no driving, the same mass now has motion et sin 100t, nd the new k and . 8

8. The displacement of a violin string in the interval 0 < x < satises utt = c2 uxx where c is the wave speed. The ends of the string are xed u(0, t) = u(, t) = 0, t > 0. The string is plucked with the initial displacement u(x, 0) = f (x), and zero initial velocity ut (x, 0) = 0. (a) [10 points] Find an expression for the subsequent motion of the string, u(x, t) for t > 0, in terms of the general function f . You may include coecients but give the formula for them.

(b) [5 points] In a more realistic model with air friction the string obeys utt + 2ut = c2 uxx , with damping coecient < c. Use separation of variables to nd a formula for the general solution u(x, t) (dont bother matching to any particular initial conditions).

9. Short answer questions (a) [5 points] Let f (x) = 1 x on the interval (0, 1). To what number does the Fourier sine series converge to at x = 3/2 ? At x = 0 ?

(b) [3 points] A damped oscillator only has signicant response when driven at within 0.01% of its natural frequency. Estimate the number of cycles which occur in one decay time, when the undriven oscillator is released with nonzero initial conditions.

(c) [4 points] State as much as you can (e.g. functional form, domain) about the Wronskian of any two linearly-independent solutions to x2 y + xy + y = 0. (Explain your answer)

(d) [3 points] Sketch the phase line, labeling a few stable and unstable xed point locations, for y sin y = 0.

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