INTELLIGENCE PROCESS 1-2.

Intelligence operations consist of the functions that constitute the intelligence process: plan, prepare, collect, process, produce, and the common tasks of analyze, disseminate, and assess that occur throughout the intelligence process. Just as the activities of the operations process overlap and recur as circumstances demand, so do the functions of the intelligence process. Additionally, the analyze, disseminate, and assess tasks process. !ee "igure 1-1.# $ Plan. %his step of the intelligence process consists of activities that include assessing the situation, envisioning a desired outcome also kno&n as setting the vision#, identifying pertinent information and intelligence re'uirements, developing a strategy for I!( operations to satisfy those re'uirements, directing intelligence operations, and synchronizing the I!( effort. %he commander)s intent, planning guidance, and commander)s critical information re'uirements **I(s# priority information re'uirements +,I(s- and friendly force information re'uirements +""I(s-# drive the planning of intelligence operations. *ommanders must involve their supporting staff .udge advocate !JA# &hen planning intelligence operations especially /01I2% operations#. ,lanning, managing, and coordinating these operations are continuous activities necessary to o3tain information and produce intelligence essential to decisionmaking. $ Prepare. %his step includes those staff and leader activities that take place upon receiving the operations plan 4,5A2#, operations order 4,4(6#, &arning order 7A(24#, or commander)s intent to improve the unit)s a3ility to e8ecute tasks or missions and survive on the 3attlefield. $ Collect. (ecent I!( doctrine necessitates that the entire staff, especially the 9:;!: and 92;!2, must change their reconnaissance and surveillance (<!# mindset to conducting I!(. %he staff must carefully focus I!( on the **I( 3ut also ena3le the 'uick re-tasking of units and assets as the situation changes. %his doctrinal re'uirement ensures that the enemy situation, not .ust our 4,5A2, =drives> I!( operations. 7ell-developed procedures and carefully planned fle8i3ility to support emerging targets, changing re'uirements, and the need to support com3at assessment are critical. %he 9:;!: and 92;!2 play a critical role in this challenging task that is sometimes referred to as =fighting I!(> 3ecause it is so staff intensive during planning and e8ecution it is an operation &ithin the operation#. ?lements of all units on the 3attlefield o3tain information and data a3out enemy forces, activities, facilities, and resources as &ell as information concerning the environmental and geographical characteristics of a particular area. $ Process. %his step converts relevant information into a form suita3le for analysis, production, or immediate use 3y the commander. ,rocessing also includes sorting through large amounts of collected information and intelligence multidiscipline reports from the unit)s I!( assets, lateral and higher echelon units and organizations, and non-1I elements in the 3attlespace#. ,rocessing identifies and e8ploits that information &hich is pertinent to the commander)s intelligence re'uirements and facilitates situational understanding. ?8amples of processing include developing film, enhancing imagery, translating a document from a foreign language, converting electronic data into a standardized report that can 3e analyzed 3y a system operator, and elements 3efore the information is for&arded for analysis. $ Produce. In this step, the 92;!2 integrates evaluated, analyzed, and interpreted information from single or multiple sources and disciplines into finished intelligence products. 5ike collection operations, the 92;!2 must ensure the unit)s information processing and intelligence production are prioritized and synchronized to support ans&ering the collection re'uirements. H !"N INTELLIGENCE 1-@. /01I2% is the collection of information 3y a trained /01I2% collector military occupational specialties +14!s- AB?, :C1D +formerly :C1*-, :C11 +formerly :C1?-, :C?, and :C"#, from people and their associated documents and media sources to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, e'uipment, personnel, and capa3ilities. It uses human sources as a tool and a variety of collection methods, 3oth passively and actively, to gather information to satisfy the commander)s intelligence re'uirements and cross-cue other intelligence disciplines. 1-C. /01I2% tasks include 3ut are not limited toE $ *onducting source operations. $ 5iaising &ith host nation /2# officials and allied counterparts. $ ?liciting information from select sources. $ 6e3riefing 0! and allied forces and civilian personnel including refugees, displaced persons 6,s#, third-country nationals, and local inha3itants. $ Interrogating ?,7s and other detainees. $ Initially e8ploiting documents, media, and materiel. PH"SES O# H !INT COLLECTION 1-F. ?very /01I2% 'uestioning session, regardless of the methodology used or the type of operation, consists of five phases. %he five phases of /01I2% collection are planning and preparation, approach, 'uestioning, termination, and reporting. %hey

are generally se'uentialG ho&ever, reporting may occur at any point &ithin the process &hen critical information is o3tained and the approach techni'ues used &ill 3e reinforced as re'uired through the 'uestioning and termination phases. Plannin$ and Preparation 1-A. 6uring this phase, the /01I2% collector conducts the necessary research and operational planning in preparation for a specific collection effort &ith a specific source. *hapter B discusses this phase in detail. "pproac% 1-1H. 6uring the approach phase, the /01I2% collector esta3lishes the conditions of control and rapport to gain the cooperation of the source and to facilitate information collection. *hapter F discusses approach and termination strategies in detail. &uestionin$ 1-11. 6uring the 'uestioning phase, the /01I2% collector uses an interrogation, de3riefing, or elicitation methodology to ask a source 'uestions systematically on relevant topics, collect information in response to the intelligence tasking, and ascertain source veracity. *hapter A discusses 'uestioning techni'ues in detail. !ee Appendi8 I for a source and relia3ility matri8.# Termination 1-12. 6uring the termination phase, the /01I2% collector completes a 'uestioning session and esta3lishes the necessary conditions for future collection from the same source 3y himself or another /01I2% collector. !ee *hapter F.# Reportin$ 1-1:. 6uring the reporting phase, the /01I2% collector &rites, edits, and su3mits &ritten, and possi3ly oral, reports on information collected in the course of a /01I2% collection effort. %hese reports &ill 3e revie&ed, edited, and analyzed as they are for&arded through the appropriate channels. *hapter 1H discusses reporting in detail.

7. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Concept of Operations The ISR CONOPS documents the synchronization, integration, and operation of ISR resources in direct support of current and future operations. It outlines the capability to tas , collect, process, e!ploit, and disseminate accurate and timely information that pro"ides the a#areness necessary to successfully plan and conduct operations. It addresses ho# all a"ailable ISR collection assets and associated P$% infrastructure, including multinational and commercial assets, #ill be used to satisfy the &oint force's anticipated collection tas s. To facilitate the optimum utilization of all a"ailable ISR assets, an ISR CONOPS should be developed in conjunction with the co and!s planning effort. The ISR CONOPS should be based on the collection strategy and ISR e!ecution planning, and should be de"eloped &ointly by the &oint force ()* and ()+. The ISR CONOPS should also identify and discuss any ISR asset gaps and shortfalls relati"e to the &oint force's "alidated PIRs and may be used as a "ehicle for &ustifying a re,uest for the allocation of additional ISR resources. It

should also re,uire a periodic e"aluation of the capabilities and contributions of all a"ailable ISR assets relati"e to the &oint force mission in order to ma!imize their efficient utilization and to ensure the timely release of allocated ISR resources #hen no longer needed by the &oint force. a. "he ISR CONOPS is the first step to building an ISR appendi# and consists of t#o parts./0 1 brief description of "alidated intelligence re,uirements and ISR force organization, allocations, employment priorities, and C* relationships. .*0 1 general depiction of employed or planned employment of ISR assets to support daily &oint and component)le"el operations. b. "he following are factors that should be considered when developing an ISR CONOPS$ 7. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Concept of Operations The ISR CONOPS documents the synchronization, integration, and operation of ISR resources in direct support of current and future operations. It outlines the capability to tas , collect, process, e!ploit, and disseminate accurate and timely information that pro"ides the a#areness necessary to successfully plan and conduct operations. It addresses ho# all a"ailable ISR collection assets and associated P$% infrastructure, including multinational and commercial assets, #ill be used to satisfy the &oint force's anticipated collection tas s. To facilitate the optimum utilization of all a"ailable ISR assets, an ISR CONOPS should be developed in conjunction with the co and!s planning effort. The ISR CONOPS should be based on the collection strategy and ISR e!ecution planning, and should be de"eloped &ointly by the &oint force ()* and ()+. The ISR CONOPS should also identify and discuss any ISR asset gaps and shortfalls relati"e to the &oint force's "alidated PIRs and may be used as a "ehicle for &ustifying a re,uest for the allocation of additional ISR resources. It should also re,uire a periodic e"aluation of the capabilities and contributions of all a"ailable ISR assets relati"e to the &oint force mission in order to ma!imize their efficient utilization and to ensure the timely release of allocated ISR resources #hen no longer needed by the &oint force. a. "he ISR CONOPS is the first step to building an ISR appendi# and consists of t#o parts./0 1 brief description of "alidated intelligence re,uirements and ISR force organization, allocations, employment priorities, and C* relationships. .*0 1 general depiction of employed or planned employment of ISR assets to support daily &oint and component)le"el operations.

b. "he following are factors that should be considered when developing an ISR CONOPS$

%&. Collection Operations 'anage ent "he CO' process organi(es, directs, and onitors the e)uip ent and personnel that and who actuall* collect the data to satisf* re)uire ents. CO2 de"elops strategies for collection against re,uirements in cooperation #ith CR23 predicts ho# #ell a system can satisfy re,uirements3 e"aluates the performance of the collection systems3 allocates and tas s collection assets and4or resources and processing and4or e!ploitation systems3 and monitors and reports the operational status of collection systems .see 5igure III)/+0. "he CO' process is directl* lin+ed to collection plan e#ecution through ISR visuali(ation. a. Collection 'ission Planning

./0 Planning is concerned #ith the identification, scheduling, and controlling of collection assets and,or resources. The operations planner re"ie#s mission re,uirements for sensor and target range, system responsi"eness, timeliness, threat, #eather, and reporting re,uirements. These elements are considered #ith the detailed technical, administrati"e, and logistic data of the collection system to identify and determine asset and4or resource a"ailability and capability. The re,uirements are then translated into specific mission tas ing orders. .*0 "he CC'- ./0 staff,.IOC and ./1,joint reconnaissance center need to d*na icall* anage theater ISR assets. They also need to ensure ISR support is synchronized #ith the CC%R's intent, national re,uirements, campaign ob&ecti"es, operational ob&ecti"es, and other guiding priorities as established by the components. In parallel, the CC%R, through the battle staff and supporting intelligence analysts, obtains and maintains access to processed and unprocessed intelligence data and products to determine mission accomplishment and4or re,uirement satisfaction. 6ith aircraft collection platforms in particular, many different staff elements are in"ol"ed- operations, #eather, maintenance

and logistics, and communications. They must all be closely integrated into the mission b. Current Intelligence ./0 Current intelligence in"ol"es producing and disse inating all/source intelligence on the current situation in a particular area. It is similar to I76 in that both depend upon continuous monitoring of #orld e"ents and specific acti"ities in the CC2%'s 1OR. The subordinate &oint force recei"es current information from all le"els of the IC. .*0 %uring the initial stages of an operation, the subordinate &oint force ()* should assess the ade,uacy of intelligence pro"ided by the CC2% (IOC and a"ailable through net#or ed databases and submit prioritized R5Is to satisfy immediate intelligence needs and gaps in co"erage. %uring sustained operations, the subordinate &oint force's collection assets #ill be supplemented by theater and national support, to pro"ide the &oint force #ith current intelligence for use in intelligence assessments. Information re,uired includes, but is not limited to, the follo#ing.a0 1d"ersary capabilities, probable intentions, and #ill to use military force, #here, #hen, in #hat strength, and #ith #hat forces and #eapons. .b0 The ad"ersary's operational plans. .c0 The ad"ersary's CO8s. .d0 The ad"ersary's "ulnerabilities. .e0 1nalysis of the operational area including terrain, hydrology, hydrography, infectious disease and en"ironmental factors, man)made features, demographics, and the location, type, and ,uantities of TI2s.
THRE"T '"RNING T%reat (arnin$ is closely associated (it%, )ut *unctionally distinct *rom, indications and (arnin$s. T%reat (arnin$ is t%e ur$ent communication and ac+no(led$ment o* time,critical in*ormation essential to t%e preser-ation o* li*e and.or resources. T%e nature o* t%reat (arnin$ is ur$ency. T%e sender o* t%reat (arnin$ must al(ays stri-e *or ac+no(led$ment o* receipt o* t%e alert. "lt%ou$% o*ten initiated )y intelli$ence reportin$ and.or tip,o**s, t%reat (arnin$ is an operations *unction t%at can )e similarly initiated )y operatin$ *orces, security elements, la( en*orcement, or ci-ilian or$anizations. /i**erent operational en-ironments and situations lend t%emsel-es to di**erent intelli$ence disciplines contri)utin$ to t%reat (arnin$. !ilitary operations in ur)an terrain may )ene*it *rom %uman intelli$ence,deri-ed t%reat (arnin$, (%ereas si$nals intelli$ence or measurement and si$nature intelli$ence,deri-ed t%reat (arnin$ may pro-e critical durin$ sta)ilization or air operations. 0arious Sources