Laboratory Exercise No.

2A: Map Projections

Materials needed for this exercise

1. ArcView GIS 3.2 software 2. Shapefiles of the municipality of Socorro in Surigao Del Norte Socorro_wgs !.shp " #arangay $oun%ary socorro_gps_pts.shp&sample points from G'S o$ser(ation socorro_')*_+oneV.shp Adding Themes 1. ,aunch the ArcView GIS program. 2. In the Welcome to ArcView GIS %ialog- select the ra%io $utton for with a new View. .lic/ 01. 3. .lic/ Yes in the %ialog $o2 Add data !. Na(igate to the fol%er containing the %ata nee%e% an% a%% the shapefile socorro_wgs84.shp. )urn it on $y clic/ing on the small $o2 at the right of the theme. 3. A%% another theme $y selecting Add Theme in the View menu or clic/ing on the sym$ol . Na(igate through the fol%er to fin% socorro_gps_pts.shp. A%% the shapefile an% acti(ate it. )he loa%e% shapefile contains points whose coor%inates are o$taine% from G'S o$ser(ations. Answer Evaluation Question #1 4. Now loa% another shapefile- socorro_PTM_ one!.shp. Notice that the three themes cannot $e seen at the same time. 0ne theme can only $e (iewe% $y ma/ing it acti(e an% 5ooming to this selecte% acti(e theme 6use the icon 7. )he loa%e% themes cannot $e %isplaye% simultaneously $ecause they are pro8ecte% in two %ifferent %atums- 9GS ! for s ocorro_wgs84.shp an% socorro_gps_pts.shp an% ,u5on Datum 1:11 for socorro_PTM_ one!.shp.

Arc!iew Pro"ection #tilit$

1. )he ArcView 'ro8ection ;tility is a stan%<alone wi5ar%<$ase% tool that can pro8ect shapefiles from one coor%inate system to another ena$ling the pro8ection of unpro8ecte% shapefiles to the user=s preference an% perform %atum transformations. )o use the 'ro8ection ;tility- the e2tension must first $e acti(ate%. In the File menu- select E%tensions. In the list of e2tensions- chec/ the item calle% Pro"ection #tilit$ &i'ard then press 01. Still un%er the File menu- select the menu item Arc!iew Pro"ection #tilit$. In the Projection Utility %ialog- press the Browse $utton to open the shapefile socorro_gps_pts.shp. 'ress 01. Select Next in the Projection Utility %ialog. In the Step 2 %ialog- with the Coordinate System Type set to (eographic- select ()*_&(*_1+84

2.

3. !.

,4-./0 un%er the Name field. .hec/ the Show Ad anced !ptions chec/ $o2. Go to the Parameters- "at#m- an% $llipsoid ta$s an% o$ser(e the entries. )his is where all the parameter (alues can $e inputte% to customi5e a pro8ection further. Don=t change the %efault (alues anymore. Select 1e%t an% select 1o in the ne2t %ialog 6as/ing whether to sa(e the new information for the input shapefile or not7 so that the referencing information for the original shapefile will not $e mo%ifie%. 3. In the Step 3 %ialog- set the Coordinate System Type to Pro"ected. ;n%er the Name field- select )ustom.

4.

.lic/ the Parameters ta$ an% set the following specifications> Geographic .oor%inate System> ()*_)lar2e_18// ,43380 ?alse @asting> 433333 ?alse Northing> 3 'rime *eri%ian> (reenwich ,8+310 #ase 'ro8ection> Transverse Mercator ,4-33/0 .entral *eri%ian> 1.4 .entral 'arallel> 3 Scale ?actor> 3.++++4

Answer Evaluation Question #.

A. . :. In Step ! %ialog $o2- $rowse to the SU%&'A! fol%er an% name your pro8ecte% shapefile to socorro_points_PTM.shp. 9hen the pro8ection process is finishe%- select the option to a%% the pro8ecte% shapefile into the (iew. A%% the pro8ecte% shapefile into View1. )o compare the fit of the pro8ecte% shapefile- remo(e the fill an% change the outline to a %ifferent color. )o %o that- %ou$le clic/ on the pro8ecte% shapefile. Dou$le<clic/ on the sym$ol to e%it it. )he Fill Palette appears an% select the option for a no<fill select the color yellow. .lic/ Apply. . .lic/ the ta$ for the color an%

1B. Display the themes socorro_PTM_ one!.shp an% socorro_points_PTM.shp in View 1. .reate a new (iew 6View 27 where you can loa% an% %isplay socorro_wgs84.shp an% socorro_gps_pts.shp. .ompare the two (iews. Answer Evaluation Question #-

$VA(UAT&!N

MAP P567E)T861 E9E5)8*E

1. 9ere you a$le to %isplay socorro_wgs84.shp an% socorro_gps_pts.shp simultaneouslyC 9hat %o you thin/ is the reason for thisC _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________ 2. In selecting the new coor%inate system for your new shapefile- why %i% a (alue of 123 is inputte% as the central meri%ianC .an we put any ar$itrary num$er for this parameterC _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________ 3. .ompare shapefiles in View 1 an% View 2. Are there any %iscrepancies $etween the twoC ,oo/ at the portion where the coor%inate (alues are shown 6rightmost part of the tool$ar where %rawing an% e%iting tools are locate%7. 9hat map units are %isplaye% in the correspon%ing (iewsC _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________

Laboratory Exercise No. 2B: Georeferencing Materials needed for this exercise
< < < ArcView GIS 3.2 software 6with Image9arp e2tension installe%7 *:1."pg&a croppe% image from Google @arth *:1_;rg$_;oundar$.shp&$rgy $oun%aries in the pro(ince of Surigao Del Norte

*tart Arc!iew and load the 8mage&arp e%tension 1. Start ArcView GIS 3.2. 2. .reate a $lan/ pro8ect an% clic/ !). 3. ,oa% the Image 9arp e2tension $y clic/ing File $xtensions from the pro8ect menu. 'ut a chec/ on the &ma*e+arp e2tension. !. ,oa% also the ,P$' -,F&F. &ma*e S#pport e2tension. )his e2tension will ma/e it possi$le to %isplay D'@G<formatte% thematic map that you will use later on. 3. After clic/ing !)- a new menu name% &ma*e+arp will $e a%%e% to the pro8ect menu $ar.
Figure 1. The ImageWarp menu in the project window.

*tart an 8mage&arp session

At this point- you are now rea%y to %o the step<$y<step process of geo<referencing a GIS< pro%uce% thematic map. In particular- you will use the S"N/jp* as the test %ata. 1. Start the geo<referencing session $y selecting &ma*e+arp &ma*e+arp Session from pro8ect menu. Eou will $e presente% with a %ialog $o2 from which you choose your initial &ma*e to $e rectifie%Fgeo<reference an% the feat#re theme you want to register to.

Figure 2. The dialog or the ImageWarp Session setup.

2. 0n the &ma*e to 0e rectified- clic/ on the select S"N/jp*.

$utton. Na(igate to your wor/ing %irectory an%

3. 0n the Theme to rectify to- clic/ on the $utton. Na(igate to your wor/ing %irectory an% select S"N10r*y10o#ndary/shp. )his is the theme that you will use as reference for the geo< referencing of the S"N/jp*. !. After clic/ing !)2 you will $e as/e% if you woul% li/e to set a pro8ection for the T! (iew. .lic/ N0.

Figure !. The Set "rojection dialog #o$.

3. )he (oad 'ro#nd Control Point Ta0le %ialog $o2 will appear after clic/ing No.

Figure %. The &oad Ground 'ontrol "oint Ta#le dialog #o$. 4. Since this is your first Image9arp Session- select the New 'CP Ta0le ra%io $utton. .lic/ the $utton. Na(igate to your $xercise fol%er- an% then enter 'CP3/d0f as file name. .lic/ !) to return to the (oad 'CP Ta0le %ialog $o2. A. After clic/ing !)- you=re computer screen shoul% %isplay something similar to the one presente% in ?igure 3. )his is calle% your &ma*e+arp Session. . #efore procee%ing with the ne2t steps- sa(e your pro8ect first $y selecting File Sa e Project As from the menu. Sa(e your pro8ect as *eoref_exercise/apr

Figure (. The ImageWarp Session.

The 8mage&arp *ession windows As shown in your screen 6an% in ?igure 37- three separate (iews appeare% when your Image9arp Session has starte%. )he Image9arp 2.B tool$ar is shown also. F%!M (iew " this is where the image you will geo<reference is %isplaye%.

T! (iew " this is where the feature theme that you will use as reference 6i.e. where you will collect your G.'s7 is %isplaye%. T!444%!AM (iew " this is calle% a GroamingH (iew. )he reference feature theme also appears in this win%ow. )his (iew is use% to e2plore the T! (iew. G.' selection is %one on the F%!M an% T! win%ows. )his will $e e2plaine% later.

*electing ()Ps ?inally- you are now to select G.'s nee%e% for georeferencing the SDN.8peg image using the $arangay $oun%aries theme as reference. )he $asic proce%ure is to select a point in the T! (iew 6$ottom left7 an% then select the correspon%ing point in the F%!M (iew 6top left7. )o %o this you can 5oom in on the (iews an% select a point that you can fin% in $oth (iews. )he $est thing to %o is to select the (ertices of the polygons as these points are common in $oth (iews or prominent change in cur(es along the $oun%aries. 1. ;sing the +oom<in $utton in the Image9arp tool $ar- 5oom in to prominent cur(e in the $arangay $oun%aries in the T!444%!AM win%ow. Eou will notice the G5ooming<inH happens in the T! win%ow. 2. A%% the first G.' $y using the 'CP Pic5 Tool 6 7. After placing the G.'- you will $e as/e% if you want to /eep the point you 8ust entere%. If you are satisfie% with the placementselect 6es. )he G.' will $e mar/e% $y a re% GIH an% la$ele% with num$er 1. If you are not satisfie%- select No an% repeat the G.' selection. 3. After placing the first G.' in the T! (iew- you will now fin% the same point in the image which is locate% in the F%!M (iew. ;se the +oom<in- +oom<out- an% 'an tools to locate the point. 0nce locate%- use the 'CP Pic5 Tool 6 (iew. #e accurate in placing the point. 7 again to place first G.' in the F%!M

Figure ). "lacing the irst G'" !. Jepeat Steps 1<3 to select more G.'s. ?rom time to time- sa(e your pro8ect $y selecting File Sa e Project or $y pressing Ctrl 7 S in your /ey$oar%. 8MP65TA1T 16TE* T6 )61*8:E5 *epending on the order o pol+nomial +ou want to use, +ou need to select the minimum num#er o G'" pairs. You need at least n pairs and that can #e computed as ollows

n - .p / 10 .p / 20 1 2 where n is the num#er o G'" pairs needed and p is the order o pol+nomial +ou want to use. For e$ample i +ou wanted to use a irst order pol+nomial then +ou would need n - .1 / 10.1 / 2012 - ! G'" pairs When selecting the G'"2s +ou need to ensure that the+ are spread out all o3er the image1thematic map and 45T all in one spatial location. In general the more points +ou can select the #etter +our it will end up and it is ad3ised that +ou select twice as man+ G'" than the minimum needed. 3. After you ha(e finishe% selecting your G.'s- the three win%ows shoul% appear something li/e shown in ?igure A.
Figure 6. The three windows a ter selecting 27 G'"s.

)alculate the 5M* Errors Now that you ha(e the G.'=s selecte%- you nee% to calculate the J*S errors for the fit. )his is %one $y pressing the Calc#late %MS $utton 6 7. Eou will $e as/e% the polynomial or%er to use 6/eep in min% the num$er of G.'=s you ha(e as %iscusse% $efore. Eou ha(e to ha(e enough G.'=s for the gi(en or%er.7 ?or this e2ercise- you will calculate the J*S errors for a 1 st or%er polynomial. After the calculationyou will $e as/e% to create a report. Select No/ (eo<re=erence or >&arp? the image 8MP65TA1T 16TE*@ The pol+nomial order that will #e used or geo8re erencing will #e the pol+nomial order that +ou selected last when +ou computed the 9:S errors which is order 1. 1. 9arp the image using a 1st or%er polynomial. .lic/ the an% select a 1st or%er polynomial. )hen press !) on the summary pro(i%e% an% clic/ No if you %o not want to ma/e a report. Now clic/ the $utton. )his will start the geo<referencingFwarping process. )he Pic5 &ma*e Theme will appear. Select the S"N/jp* theme an% then clic/ !). 2. Eou will then $e as/e% on what resampling metho% to use> Select nearest nei*h0or metho%- then clic/ !). 3. Eou will then $e as/ the output image type> Select the ,P' format. )his means the output geo<reference% map is in the D'@G format. .lic/ !). )he Cell Si8e %ialog will appear ne2t. #e sure to rea% all the contents of this %ialog. .lic/ !)/

!. Eou will $e as/e% to enter the cell si5e. )he num$er you will enter will %etermine the hori5ontal an% (ertical %imensions of a pi2el in the output georeference% map. Since you are not sure with this- 8ust accept the 9 (alue. )hen clic/ !). 3. Eou will now enter the file name for the output thematic map that is georeference% using a 1st or%er polynomial function with nearest neigh$or resampling. Sa(e your output map as> S"N1*eoref/jp* 4. After entering the file name- clic/ !) an% Image9arp will start the geo<referencing process. )his may too/ for a while %epen%ing on the spee% of the computer you are using. A %ialog $o2 will gui%e you on the status of the geo<referencing. 9hen %one- the following %ialog $o2 will appear.

Figure ;. The dialog #o$ indicating that the geo8re erencing process was success ul. A. .lic/ !) an% close the Stat#s %ialog $o2. Sa(e your pro8ect. +A%N&N': "! N!T C(!S$ T;$ &MA'$+A%P T!!( BA% 6$T<<<<< . C!N'%ATU(AT&!NS< Eou 8ust finishe% geo<referencing the image using a 1st 0r%er 'olynomial ?unction with Nearest Neigh$or Jesampling. :ispla$ing the (eo<5e=erenced 8mage 1. Acti(ate the T!444%!AM win%ow. Eou will a%% the geo<reference% thematic map in this (iew an% chec/ its accuracy. 2. A%% the georeference% thematic map $y selecting the Add Theme from the View menu. Na(igate to your wor/ing %irectory an% select S"N1*eoref/jp*/ 3. Eou will notice that the geo<reference% map is not %isplaye%. )his is $ecause it is not yet Gturne% onH in the )a$le of .ontents 6)0.7. Acti(ate the )0. $y clic/ing on the on the Image9arp tool $ar. $utton

$VA(UAT&!N (E6<5EAE5E1)81( E9E5)8*E

1. )urn on the geo<reference% image 6S"N1*eoref/jp*.. 9rite your o$ser(ations $elow. .ompare the geo<reference% map with the original thematic map %isplaye% in the F%!M (iew. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________ 2. Drag the $arangay $oun%aries theme to the top of the )0. an% e%it its appearance $y ma/ing it hollow. .hange the outline color to yellow. Determine the accuracy of your geo<referencing $y o$ser(ing how the $arangay $oun%aries theme is o(erlai% on the image $oun%aries. Are the alignments perfectC 9rite your o$ser(ations $elow> _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3. A%% the roa% networ/ 6S"N1roads/shp7 an% the ri(er an% stream networ/ 6S"N1ri ers1streams/shp7 themes an% pro(i%e a%%itional chec/ on the accuracy of your geo<referencing.

Laboratory Exercise No. 2C: Map Layout

Materials needed for this exercise
< < ArcView GIS 3.2 software 'ro8ecte% ')* shapefile of municipal $oun%aries of Surigao Del Norte 6 sdn_ptm.shp7

Creatin* a (ayo#t Template: 1. .reate a new pro8ect in ArcView. Select with a new view in the welcome %ialog. .reate a new layout $y %ou$le<clic/ing on the (ayo#ts icon in the pro8ect win%ow. 2. ;n%er the (ayo#t menu- select Pa*e Set#p. In the Pa*e Si8e fiel%- select A=. ?or 0rientation- clic/ on the layout orientation 6the secon% selection7. Set all the margins to 3 centimeter. 'ress !). 9ith your layout win%ow acti(e- select the View Frame tool from the tool$ar. Drag out a $o2 co(ering a$out half of the layout space. In the View Frame Properties %ialog highlight Empt$ !iewselect Preserve !iew *cale un%er Scale. ;n%er $xtent select Aill !iew Arame- select Alwa$s un%er "isplay- an% Presentation un%er >#ality. 'ress !) when %one. A sha%e% rectangle la$ele% @mpty View will $e a%%e% to the layout. !. Again un%er the Frame tool- select the Begend Arame too 6secon% option in the ?rame )ool Selection7 Drag a legen% frame in the remaining portion of your layout. Select Empt$ Begend un%er View Frame an% Alwa$s un%er "isplay. 'ress !). Select the *cale Car Arame tool un%er the Frame tool. Drag out a thin rectangle on your layout to %efine the position of the scale $ar. In the Scale Bar Properties select Empt$ *cale;ar un%er View Frame. ;n%er &nter al- type in !D - in the Inter(als- an% 4 in the (eft "i isions. Select 2ilometers as the #nit. 'ress !). Eou can also a%% a north arrow to your layout using the 1orth Arrow tool un%er the Frame tool. In the North Arrow Mana*er dialo*- select a north arrow of your choice an% then press !).

3.

3.

4.

A.

Eou now ha(e three $lan/ frames plus one north arrow in your layout. Eou can further refine the positioning of the frames or resi5e them to ma/e the layout loo/ $etter. Do this $y clic/ing on the Pointer tool $e mo%ifie%. first then clic/ on the frame to

Eou may now store your layout as a template. ?rom the (ayo#t menu- select *tore as Template. In the Template Properties dialo*- type in Ba$out_,Eour*urname0 as the template name. 'ress !). (ayo#t win%ow.

:.

.lose

the

Connectin* the
1B. Go $ac/ to 11. .hec/ the

View to the (ayo#t

the View win%ow an% a%% the theme *:1_ptm.shp theme to ma/e it (isi$le in the (iew. menu- select Properties to go to the View dialo*. In the View properties dialo*Name te2t$o2 Municipalities o= *urigao ;n%er Map Units an% "istance Units meters. .lic/ !). Evaluation Question #1

12. In the View Properties type in the :el 1orte. select Answer

13. .hange the name of your theme $y selecting Properties from the Theme men#. In the Theme Name- type Municipalities o= *urigao :el 1orte. .lic/ !).

1!. Dou$le clic/ the theme Municipalities o= *urigao :el 1orte.shp to launch the (e*end $ditor dialo* $o2. ;n%er (e*end Type- select #niFue !alue. Select Muni_name in the Val#es Field. .hoose Counti=ul Garvest from the a(aila$le Color Schemes/

.lic/ Appl$ an% close the (e*end $ditor dialo* $o2. Answer Evaluation Question #.

13. Eou can now a%% your (iew on the layout you ha(e create%. Dou$le<clic/ on the (ayo#t icon in your Project window. ;n%er the (ayo#t men#- select #se Template. In the Template Mana*er dialo*- select the template you pre(iously create% then press !). Answer Evaluation Question #-

14. )he only element left to $e a%%e% is the title of your layout. Eou can %o this $y using the Text tool locate% on the layout tool$ar. 'ress the te2t tool an% then clic/ on the general area where you want to place you title. In the Text Properties dialo*- type in *urigao :el 1orte. in the te2t fiel%. 'ress !). ;sing the 'ointer- clic/ on the title in your layout an% resi5eFreposition your title as nee%e%. Addin* 'rids and 'ratic#les To 6o#r Map 1A. Eour layout is now almost complete. Kowe(er- if you ha(e notice%- your map 6(iew frame7 is still $are. )o ha(e a more useful an% %escripti(e map- you can still a%% graticules an% coor%inates to show the geographic position of the features on the (iew frame. )his can $e %one using the (raticules and Measured (rids e%tension. In the File men#- select E%tensions. In the $xtensions dialo*- chec/ the (raticules and Measured (rids option then press !). )he (raticules and Measured (rids tool will then $e %isplaye% on the layout tool$ar.

1 . .lic/ the 'ratic#les and Meas#red 'rids tool. )he 'ratic#le and 'rid +i8ard will appear.

1:.

.lic/ Next. In the secon% win%ow of the wi5ar%- the gri% options will $e %isplaye%. @nter 14333 as the *rid inter al. )ry changing the options for the gri%. Eou may also pre(iew the output $y using the Preview ;utton. After pre(iewing- clic/ on 5emove to procee% to the ne2t %ialog.

.hec/ all the options for the $or%er an% (iewframe $or%er.

@2periment on the (arious options an% pre(iew the result. 9hen you are satisfie% with your layout result- clic/ Finish. 2B. Eou now ha(e a complete layout for your (iew. Eou can now sa(e your pro8ect in your wor/ing %irectory. A sample output layout is shown $elow.

Laboratory Exercise 5C: MAP LAYOUT

$VA(UAT&!N MAP BAE6#T E9E5)8*E

1. 9hy %o you thin/ it is necessary to %efine the map an% %istance units in your View propertiesC )ry completing your map layout without %efining these parameters. 9hat happens to your layoutC __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 2. Instea% of #niFue !alue- select (raduated )olor as the (e*end Type. 9rite the a(aila$le fiel%s liste% in the Classification Field. Among these fiel%s- which %o you thin/ can $e chosen to pro(i%e useful thematic mapsC 9hyC __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ______ 3. After loa%ing the template you pre(iously create%- %i% your layout=s frames alrea%y gi(e the necessary informationC 9hy %o you thin/ this happene%C 9hat are the necessary steps to loa% the information to their correspon%ing framesC __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ______