FLUENT教程赵玉新

FLUENT
Alphanumeric Reporting
Bibliography
II
FLUENT
FLUENT
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z
scalepartition
nonconformal.
z FLUENT
and how to define boundary profiles and volumetric sources.
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
swirling
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z
prePDF
z NOx
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z Flows in Moving Zones FLUENT
z Solver FLUENT solver

z explains the solution-adaptive mesh refinement feature in FLUENT
and how to use it
z explains how to create surfaces in the domain on

which you can examine FLUENT solution data
z FLUENT
z Alphanumeric Reporting
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z
FLUENT
z CFD FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
z
z
z
z
z
z Using the Solver
z -Alphanumeric Reporting
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z FLUENT
z
z "/", Define/Materials..
Define Materials...
z
Support Engineer
Support Engineer CFD FLUENT
Support Engineer
z
z
z
z FLUENT
FLUENT FLUENT
FLUENT
/
/
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FLUENT C
FLUENT client/server
FLUENT
Scheme LISP dialect
FLUENT FLUENT prePDF, PDF GAMBIT,

TGrid,
filters (translators) CAD/CAE
ANSYSIDEASNASTRANPATRAN
Fluent
"grid" "mesh"

GAMBIT
GAMBIT
GAMBIT CAD/CAE Tgrid
Tgrid FLUENT
ANSYS(Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc.) I-DEAS (SDRC)
MSC/ARIES,MSC/PATRAN MSC/NASTRAN ( MacNeal-Schwendler )
CAD/CAE CAD/CAE
FLUENT
PreBFC GeoMesh FLUENT

GAMBIT
preBFC GeoMesh
FLUENT
z 2D 3D /
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z
z
z
z
z
z
z
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z rotor/stator interaction modeling
z
z
z
z
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FLUENT
z Process and process equipment applications
z /
z
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z /HVAC/
z
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/FLUENT
FLUENT
NEKTON,FIDAPPOLYFLOWIcePak MixSim
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT (FLUENT
4 CFD )FLUENT 2D
3D
GAMBIT Tgrid CAD
CFD
FLUENT
CFD
CFD
CFD FLUENT .
1.
22D3D2DDP3DDP
3
4
5
6
7
8.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
GAMBIT CAD
Tgrid
CAD Tgrid FLUENT ()

FLUENT
FLUENT
Define Menu
Solve Menu
Display Menu&Plot
MenuReport Menu
FLUENT
UNIX Windows NT FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
UNIX FLUENT
z
z
case case
fluent 2d
fluent 3dfluent 2ddpfluent 3ddp
Figure 1:
2d3d2ddp 3ddp
GUI File/Run...
(
FLUENT
Figure 2: FLUENT
1. 3D 3D 2D
2.
Run
Run
Case
fluent
File/Read/Case.. File/Read/Case & Data.. case data
case data
read-case read-case-data File/Read/Case & Data...
read-case-data case data .cas
.dat.
Windows NT FLUENT
Windows NT 4.0 FLUENT:
Fluent.Inc FLUENT 6
MS-DOS fluent 2dfluent 3dfluent 2ddp fluent 3ddp
MS-DOS fluent
"Set Environment" Fluent.Inc
MS-DOS FLUENT n
fluent-version-tntn 2d, 3d, 2ddp, 3ddp )n fluent 3d
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Windows NT 3.51 FLUENT
FLUENT 5
MS-DOS
3.
fluent help
fluent [version] [-help] [options]
options -cl
following argument passed to fluent,
-cxarg following argument passed to cortex,
-cx host:p1:p2 connect to the specified cortex process,
-driver [ gl | opengl | null | pex | sbx | x11 | xgl ],
sets the graphics driver (available drivers vary by platform),
-env
show environment variables,
-g
run without gui or graphics,
-gu
run without gui,
-gr
run without graphics,
-help
this listing,
-i journal
read the specified journal file,
-nocheck
disable checks for valid license file and server,
-post
run a post-processing-only executable,
-project x
write project x start and end times to license log,
-r
list all releases,
-rx
specify release x,
-v
list all versions,
-vx
specify version x,
-n
no execute,
-hcl
following argument passed to fluent host,
-loadx start compute nodes from host x,
-manspa manually spawn compute nodes,
-ncl
following argument passed to fluent compute node,
-px
specify parallel communicator x,
-pathx specify root path x to Fluent.Inc,
-tx
specify number of processors x,
Windows NT -driver, -env, -gu(), -help, -i journal, -r, -rx, -v, -vx,
-tx
FLUENT Cortex Cortex FLUENT
-cx host:p1:p2
fluent driverfluent -driver xgl
fluent env FLUENT

fluent g Cortex
X-Windows
fluent gu Cortex fluent gr

Cortex ( Windows NT fluent gu
FLUENT-i journal
fluent -i journaljournal
-nocheck
fluent post
-project x CPU -project xx

CPU log
CPU license.log USER CPU SYSTEM CPU
fluent version r version

fluent rx FLUENT x fluent v
fluent n -n
-hcl FLUENT -ncl

FLUENT -loadx
-manspa -px
x x UNIX -pathx
Fluent.Inc -tx x
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT 4 FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT
()
FLUENT
()
1.5 2
/PDF
//Pollutant formation models//Rosseland /
/
Define/Models/Solver..
Figure 1:
FLUENT CD
a cavity in the shape of a
60^?rhombus, 0.1 0.1m/s

500
Figure 1:
.
CD /fluent_inc/fluent5/tut/sample/cavity.msh
File/Read/Case...
case
FLUENT case
File/Import
Figure 1:
cavity.msh FLUENT
Grid/Check
Domain Extents:
x-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 1.500000e-01
y-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 8.660000e-02
Volume statistics:
minimum volume (m3): 7.156040e-05
maximum volume (m3): 7.157349e-05
total volume (m3): 8.660000e-03
Face area statistics:
minimum face area (m2): 9.089851e-03
maximum face area (m2): 9.091221e-03
Checking number of nodes per cell.
Checking number of faces per cell.
Checking thread pointers.
Checking number of cells per face.
Checking face cells.
Checking face handedness.
Checking element type consistency.
Checking boundary types:

Checking face pairs.
Checking periodic boundaries.
Checking node count.
Checking nosolve cell count.
Checking nosolve face count.
Checking face children.
Checking cell children.
Done.
Adapt Iso-Value...
Display/Grid...
Display
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
FLUENT
Define/Models Solver
FLUENT
Define/Models
Define/Materials...
Figure 1:
1.0 kg/m^3 2*10^-5 kg/m-s

Change/Create
Define/Boundary Conditions...
Figure 1:
Set...( Set...)
x 0.1 m/s
2
FLUENT wall-2
Set...
Figure 2:
Moving Wall X
0.1(
Figure 3:
OK
(wall-5)
Solve/Controls
Residual Plotting Solve/Monitors/Residual...

Plot OK
Figure 1:
Case
case
data File/Write/Case... case
Figure 1: Case
FLUENT OK cavity.cas
Solve/Initialize/Initialize... Figure 1.
0
Init
Figure 1:
Solve/Iterate...
Figure 1:
10 10
Figure 2: 10
Display/Velocity Vectors..
Figure 3:
Display
Figure 410
10
90 50
Figure 5:
case fluent case

data FLUENT
case data
case data File/Write/Case & Data...
Figure 1: case data

Case/Data FLUENT .cas .dat
cavity FLUENT case cavity.casdata
cavity.dat OK cavity.cas FLUENT
OK
Figure 2
FLUENT case data
Display /Contours...
Figure 1:
Contours Of Velocity... Stream Function
Levels 10 Display
Figure 2:
FLUENT
Exit FLUENT
FLUENT FLUENT
Fluent
Fluent
FLUENT
(GUI)
fluent
UNIX GUI ()
Figure 1: GUI
Console
FLUENT
(TUI)(GUI)
Figure 1:
MS-DOS TUI
Control-C
X Window Windows NT
UNIX
1
2
Windows NT
1
2Ctrl+Insert
Figure 1:Help
FLUENT Windows Alt
ESC
OK
XY

1. Filter
/ Filter .
..
2. *.dat* dat
*
3. XY-plot data XY File(s)
Remove
4. Write Binary Files casedata radiation
5. OK
XY OK
XY
OK
Windows NT Windows NT
z OK Cancel
Apply
Display
AdaptClose
Help
Push Button
Check Button
Radio Buttons
Text Entry
Integer Number Entry
Key
Factor of Increase
Shift
10
Ctrl
100
Real Number Entry
10, -10.538, 50000.45 5.e-4)
Windows
Figure 1:
Ctrl+C
Windows NT UNIX
Windows NT
Windows NT
Windows NT FLUENT
movesize closeFLUENT
1. Windows
2.
3.
Windows NT system Page
Setup..
Color
Color
Gray Scale
Monochrome
Color Quality
True Color RGB 65536
Mapped Color 256

Dithered Color 20
Clipboard Formats

Windows
Bitmap
DIB Bitmap
Metafile Windows
Enhanced Metafile Windows
Picture Format
Vector 3D
Raster 3D
Printer Scale %
Options
Landscape Orientation (Printer)
landscapeportrait
Reverse Foreground/Background
(TUI)
(TUI) Scheme Lisp
Scheme Scheme LISP
7 1
Scheme
Scheme
MIT
Scheme
UNIX FLUENT
>
>
adapt/
grid/
surface/
display/
plot/
view/
define/
report/
exit
file/
solve/
/
> display
/display> set
/display/set>
q quit
/display/set> q
/display>
/display> /file
/display//file>
/display /file /file
/display.
/display//file> q
/display>
/display> /file start-journal jrnl

Input journal opened on file "jrnl".
/display>
set-ambient-colorset-ambient-color, s-a-c, sac, sa
lint lighting-interpolation li lights-on

nt interpolation liin l-int
Scheme Evaluation
()
Scheme
> (define a 1)
a
> (+ a 2 3 4)
10
UNIX csh
Cortex error pwd chdir ls alias
Error Scheme Scheme
Pwd
Chdir
Ls
Alias
yes/no
filled grids? [no]

shrink-factor [0.1]
line-weight [1]
title [""]
"1,2" 3 1
2a
Control-C
16,
-2.4, .9e5, +1e-5 31
31, #b11111, #o37, #x1fIn Scheme,
2 2.0
1.9 1
yes no Yes y no n yes/no
#t #f.
"red"
> (define fn "valve.ps")

fn
> hc fn
fn, valve.psfn
"valve.ps"
FLUENT Scheme
().
()'()
element(1) [()] 1
element(2) [()] 10
element(3) [()] 100
element(4) [()]
1, 10, 100
element(1) [1]
element(2) [10]
element(3) [100]
element(4) [()] 1000
element(5) [()]
element(1) [1]
element(2) [10]
element(3) [100] ()
1 10
element(1) [1] ,,'(11 12 13)
1, 10, 11, 12, 13
element(1) [1] ()
Scheme
Scheme 1/3 (
)
/foo> set-xy
x-component [1.0] (/ 1 3)
y-component [0.0] (sqrt (/ 8 9))
> (define (unit-y x) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* x x))))

unit-y
/foo> set-xy
x-component [1.0] (/ 1 3)
y-component [0.0] (unit-y (/ 1 3))
Scheme "_" () Scheme
shrink-factor [0.8] (/ _ 3)

<Control-C>
UNIX FLUENT! (bang) UNIX

!
( FLUENT
Cortex
> !rm junk.*
> !vi script.rp
ls pwd UNIX ls pwd chdir
!ls !pwd UNIX FLUENT

(!chdir
!cd FLUENT Cortex
) chdir
FLUENT
Cortex
FLUENT
> !pwd
> !ls valve.*
(FLUENT Cortex )
/home/cfd/run/valve
valve1.cas valve1.msh
valve2.cas valve2.msh
FLUENT Scheme
ti-menu-load-string 1
(ti-menu-load-string "di ow 1")
Scheme 0 1 0 1
(for-each
(lambda (window view)
(ti-menu-load-string (format #f "di ow ~a gr view rv ~a"
window view)))
'(0 1)
'(front back))
menu-load-string
Scheme
(for-each
(lambda (window view)
(cx-open-window window)
(display-grid)
(cx-restore-view view))
'(0 1) '(front back))
FLUENT
(alias 'dg (lambda () (ti-menu-load-string "/di gr")))
dg
! ti-menu-load-string ti-menu-loadstring
(ti-menu-load-string "open-window 1 gr")

; incorrect usage
display/ display/
(ti-menu-load-string "display open-window 1 grid")
FLUENT
Help Viewer
GUI
Windows NT UNIX FLUENT

Windows NT Windows NT
Windows NT How to Use Help
Help Viewer

Context-Sensitive
Context-Sensitive Help Help/Context-Sensitive Help
Help Viewer
User's
Guide...Help/User's Guide...
Help Viewer
Help Viewer Overview
Using Help...
Help/Using Help...Help Viewer Using On-Line Help
s
GUI
Help
Viewer
Help Viewer
Help Viewer Help Viewer (Figure 1)
Figure 1:Help Viewer
Windows
Help Viewer
Help Viewer
Help Viewe Contents
Figure 1:
View
Help/Version
> ?dis
display/: Enter the display menu.
?
q quit
>?
[help-mode]> di
display/: Enter the display menu.
[help-mode]> pwd
pwd: #[alias]
(LAMBDA ()
(cx-send '(system "pwd")))
[help-mode]> q
?
display/annotate
Annotation text [""] ?
Enter the text to annotate the plot with.
Annotation text [""]
( UNIX )
FLUENT ( 3d)
File/Run...
FLUENT Cortex ( FLUENT

) Cortex FLUENT
Cortex
FLUENT
1. (Hostname)
(Username)
2.
FLUENT
3. Run
"listen" Cortex
FLUENT Listen Run Cortex
FLUENT -cx host:p1:p2
host host Cortex p1:p2
fluent version -cx host:p1:p2

version host FLUENT
Case
case
Apply
Case

FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT UNIX
UNIX
UNIX C-shell FLUENT
fluent -g < inputfile >&outputfile&
Bourne/Korn-shell
fluent -g < inputfile > outputfile 2>&1&
z fluent FLUENT
z -g
z inputfile FLUENT
z outputfile FLUENT
()
z & UNIX
inputfile FLUENT
rc example.cas
solve/init/init
it 50
wd example50.dat
it 50
wd example100.dat
exit
case example.cas 100
case data
case data rc file/read-case wd file/write-data
FLUENT
(solve/init/init).
fluent -g -i inputfile >&outputfile&

Exit
Windows

FLUENT grid, case,
data, profile, Scheme, journal case, data, profile, journal, transcript
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
(
FLUENT )
FLUENT
Grid
GAMBIT, TGrid GeoMesh,

preBFC
FLUENT
ANSYS, PATRAN, I-DEAS,

NASTRAN, etc.
FLUENT
Case
FLUENT
FLUENT
Data
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT/UNS Case
FLUENT/UNS 3 or 4
FLUENT
FLUENT/UNS Data
FLUENT/UNS 4
FLUENT
RAMPANT Case
RAMPANT 2, 3, or 4
FLUENT
RAMPANT Data
RAMPANT 4
FLUENT
FLUENT 4 Case
FLUENT 4
FLUENT
FIDAP 7 Neutral
FIDAP 7
FLUENT
Ray
FLUENT
FLUENT
PDF
prePDF
FLUENT
Journal
FLUENT
FLUENT
Transcript
FLUENT
user
Hardcopy
FLUENT
assorted
Plot
FLUENT
FLUENT
Profile
user, FLUENT
FLUENT
Data Export
FLUENT
Other codes
Scheme
user
FLUENT
Third-Party
Grid
FLUENT
Tilde
expansion
FLUENT ( FLUENT )
case
myfile FLUENT myfile.cas PDF ray
case, data, ray FLUENT
FLUENT TGrid
case TGrid FLUENT
case, data, grid, PDF, ray
.ZFLUENT
zcat .gz gunzip
flow.msh.gzReading "| gunzip -c flow.msh.gz"...
file-name
z Name
z name.gz
z name.Z
z name.suffix
z name.suffix.gz
z name.suffix.Z
suffix .cas msh
Windows NT gzip (
.gz) compress Windows NT FLUENT
ray FLUENT
Z gz flow.gz
case Writing "| gzip -cfv > flow.cas.gz"...

case gzip cas Windows NT
FLUENT gzip .Z ray
FLUENT
Tilde Expansion ( UNIX )
UNIX ~/
~
~username/~username "username"
~/file case FLUENT file.cas
~/cases/file.casFLUENT
file.cas
z %t
contours-%t.ps contours-0001.ps
z %i contours-%i.ps
contours-0010.ps
z
%
FLUENT
myfile-%t.ps
myfile-0001.ps
myfile-0001.ps
FLUENT

file/confirm-overwrite/text no
GAMBIT, TGrid, GeoMesh, preBFC CAD

Fluent case
( wall-1, pressure-inlet-5, symmetry-2)
FLUENT File/Read/Case...GAMBIT,
TGrid, GeoMesh, preBFC GAMBIT
GeoMesh TGrid preBFC
TGrid
GAMBIT GeoMesh
preBFC
preBFC
ANSYS
I-DEAS Universal
NASTRAN
PATRAN Neutral
an Unpartitioned Grid File Through the Partition Filter
TGrid
TGrid FLUENT FLUENT File/Read/Case...
TGrid TGrid
GAMBIT and GeoMesh Mesh
GAMBIT GeoMesh FLUENT 5, FLUENT/UNS, RAMPANT
FLUENT File/Read/Case... File/Read/Case... Case...
preBFC
preBFC FLUENT File/Read/Case...
MESH-RAMPANT/TGRI
preBFC File/Import/preBFC Structured Mesh.
ANSYS File/Import/ANSYS...
I-DEAS Universal File/Import/IDEAS Universal...
NASTRAN File/Import/NASTRAN...
PATRAN Neutral File/Import/PATRAN...
METIS Fluent
File/Import/Partition/Metis... FLUENT

case
file/reread-grid
Case Data
FLUENT case data
FLUENT
FLUENT
case data data

case case data FLUENT
Case
Case Case
case
case File/Read/Case... case
case .cas FLUENT

data
Data
File/Read/Data.. File/Write/Data..
data .dat FLUENT

Case Data
Case data Case
Data
File/Read/Case & Data...dat .cas

File/Write/Case & Data...
Case Data
FLUENT
File/wite/utosave...
Figure 1: Case/Data
10 10
FLUENT .casdatgz .Z
case
FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT Case Data
FLUENT/UNS 3 4 RAMPANT 2, 3, 4 case case
FLUENT/UNS case FLUENT
RAMPANT case FLUENT
FLUENT/UNS 4 RAMPANT4 Data

FLUENT
FLUENT 4 Case File/Import/FLUENT 4 Case...
FLUENT FLUENT 4 case
FIDAP 7 Neutral File/Import/FIDAP7...

FLUENT FIDAP7...
FLUENT
GUI Scheme FLUENT
transcript
case data
transcript
File/Write/Start Journal...
Start Journal... Stop
Journalmenu Stop Journal
File/Write/Stop Journal
File/Read/Journal..
Transcript
Transcript FLUENT
transcript GUI Scheme
FLUENT transcript
Transcript
transcript
transcript transcript
transcripting File/Write/Start Transcript...

transcript Start Transcript... Stop
Transcriptmenu Stop Transcript transcript
File/Read/Profile...
Write Profile (Figure 1)File/Write/Profile...
Figure 1:Write Profile

1. Define New Profiles
2.
3.
4. Write...
FLUENT

field
case Write Currently Defined

Profiles Write...
TGrid
File/Write/Boundary Grid...
TIFF, PICT, PostScript
dump
(Figure 1).
File/Hardcopy...
Figure 1:

()
()
dump
()
Apply
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
EPS
(Encapsulated PostScript) PostScript Adobe
(v2) EPS
PostScript EPS
EPS
HPGL pen plotters HPGL
IRIS Image
SGI IRIS
PICT Macintosh PICT

"draw""paint"
PPM
PostScript PostScript
TIFF
TIFF
Window Dump
( UNIX )
PostScript, EPS, PICT
PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), HPGL, PICT IRIS ,

PICT, PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript, TIFF
Color Gray Scale

Monochrome PostScript
Gray Scale

display/set/rendering-options/device-info PostScript, EPS, PICT
Landscape Orientation
landscape portrait Reverse
Foreground/Background
FLUENT PostScript
display/set/hardcopy/driver/post-format
fast-raster
raster
rle-raster run-length
vector
Window Dumps UNIX )
xwd
xwd -id %w >
FLUENT %w ID
(myfile.xwd)
%n
myfile%n.xwd
%n
ImageMagick MIFF
ImageMagick import -window %w
.miff
MIFF
(
) 8
TIFF 24
FLUENT AVSData ExplorerEnSight (

MPGS)FASTFIELDVIEWI-DEASNASTRANPATRAN Tecplot
EnSight FIELDVIEW FLUENT
Export (Figure 1).

File/Export...
Figure 1:
1.
2. IDEAS UniversalNASTRAN PATRAN
3. FAST Solution NASTRAN Functions to Write
4.
5.
() IDEAS UniversalNASTRAN PATRAN (

/)
(
)
Write...
AVS
AVS version 4 UCD
Data Explorer
EnSight( MPGS)
FAST Plot3D
FAST Solution
FieldView Case+DataFLUENT case FIELDVIEW
FieldView Data
FIELDVIEW case
FieldView Case+Data case FieldView
Data case
IDEAS Universal
NASTRAN
PATRAN
Tecplot
Scheme
Scheme scheme
Scheme
File/Read/Scheme.. Scheme
> (load "file.scm")

File/Read/Journal.. file/read-journal
source
> . file.scm
> source file.scm
Fluent
FLUENT fluent
Scheme Scheme
cxlayout
cxlayout
cxlayout Cortex TGrid, FLUENT,

FLUENT/UNS, RAMPANT, NEKTON, MixSim
Case Data
FLUENT Case Data
z
z
Grid Data ()Case
case
case
ID
Scheme (xfile.scm) C (xfile.h)
Fluent Inc
Index: 0
Scheme symbol: xf-comment
C macro: XF_COMMENT
Codes: FLUENT, TGrid
Status: optional

(0 "comment text")
(0 "Variables:")
(37 (
(relax-mass-flow 1)
(default-coefficient ())
(default-method 0)
))
Header
Index: 1
Scheme symbol: xf-header
C macro: XF_HEADER
Status: optional
(1 "TGrid 2.1.1")
Index: 2
Scheme symbol: xf-dimension
C macro: XF_DIMENSION
Status: optional
The dimensionality of the grid
(2 ND)
ND 2 3
Index: 10
Scheme symbol: xf-node
C macro: XF_NODE
Status: required
(10 (zone-id first-index last-index type ND)(
x1 y1 z1
x2 y2 z2
.
.
.
))
ID index index
type ND
(10 (0 1 2d5 0 2))

ID index index
index index
Type TGrid
FLUENT
ND
x y
(10 (1 1 2d5 1 2)(

1.500000e-01 2.500000e-02
1.625000e-01 1.250000e-02
.
.
.
1.750000e-01 0.000000e+00
2.000000e-01 2.500000e-02
1.875000e-01 1.250000e-02
))
()
index
index ID
Shadow
Index: 18
Scheme symbol: xf-periodic-face
C macro: XF_PERIODIC_FACE
Status: required only for grids with periodic boundaries
(18 (first-index last-index periodic-zone shadow-zone)(

f00 f01
f10 f21
f20 f21
.
.
.
))
first-index index
last-index periodic-zone
IDshadow-zone shadow ID
body (f*) index

indexfirst-index last-index index
index
(18 (1 2b a c) (
12 1f
13 21
ad 1c2
.
.
.
))
Index: 12
Scheme symbol: xf-cell
C macro: XF_CELL
Status: required
(12 (zone-id first-index last-index type element-type))

ID last-index
element-type
(12 (0 1 3e3 0))

3e3 (hexadecimal) = 995
regular cell element-type
element-type description
nodes/cell
faces/cell
0 mixed
1
triangular 3
3
2
tetrahedral
4
4
3
quadrilateral 4
4
4
hexahedral
8
6
5
pyramid 5
5
wedge 6
5
first-index last-index
type (type=1)(type=0x11,
17)parent(type = 0x20, or 32 decimal)element-type
FLUENT (element-type=0)
(12 (9 1 3d 0 0)(
111331131
.
.
.
))
9 3d () = 61
TGrid
Faces
Index: 13
Scheme symbol: xf-face
C macro: XF_FACE
Status: required
index 13
(13 (zone-id first-index last-index type element-type))
ID element-type
n0 n1 n2 cr cl
n*c*
element index cr
cl ,Handedness
cr cl
indexcr cl
n2
(element-type = 0)
type v0 v1 v2 c0 c1
type
element-type face type nodes/face
0 mixed
2
linear
2
3
triangular 3
4
quadrilateral 4

bc name bc id
interior 2
wall 3
pressure-inlet, inlet-vent, intake-fan
4
pressure-outlet, exhaust-fan, outlet-vent 5
symmetry7
periodic-shadow 8
pressure-far-field 9
velocity-inlet 10
periodic 12
fan, porous-jump, radiator 14
mass-flow-inlet
20
interface 24
parent (hanging node) 31
outflow 36
axis 37
10001003
Face Tree
Index: 59
Scheme symbol: xf-face-tree
C macro: XF_FACE_TREE
Codes: FLUENT
Status: only for grids with hanging-node adaption
(59 (face-id0 face-id1 parent-zone-id child-zone-id)

(
number-of-kids kid-id-0 kid-id-1 ... kid-id-n
.
.
.
))
face-id0 indexface-id1 index
parent-zone-id IDchild-zone-id IDnumber-of-kids
kid-id-n ID
TGrid
Cell Tree
Index: 58
Scheme symbol: xf-cell-tree
C macro: XF_CELL_TREE
Codes: FLUENT
Status: only for grids with hanging-node adaption
(58 (cell-id0 cell-id1 parent-zone-id child-zone-id)

(
number-of-kids kid-id-0 kid-id-1 ... kid-id-n
.))
cell-id0 indexcell-id1 index
parent-zone-id IDchild-zone-id IDnumber-of-kids
kid-id-n ID
TGrid
Interface Face Parents
Index: 61
Scheme symbol: xf-face-parents
C macro: XF_FACE_PARENTS
Codes: FLUENT
Status: only for grids with nonconformal interfaces
(61 (face-id0 face-id1)

(
parent-id-0 parent-id-1
))
face-id0 indexface-id1 index
parent-id-0 indexparent-id-1 index
TGridTGrid
Figure 1
(0 "Grid:")
(0 "Dimensions:")
(2 2)
(12 (0 1 3 0))
(13 (0 1 a 0))
(10 (0 1 8 0 2))
(12 (7 1 3 1 3))
(13 (2 1 2 2 2)(
1212
3 4 2 3))
(13 (3 3 5 3 2)(
5110
1320
3 6 3 0))
(13 (4 6 8 3 2)(
7430
4220
2 8 1 0))
(13 (5 9 9 a 2)(
8 5 1 0))
(13 (6 a a 24 2)(
6 7 3 0))
(10 (1 1 8 1 2)
(
1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00
2.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00
2.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00
3.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00
3.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00))
Figure 2 bf9
bf10
Figure 2:
(0 "Dimensions:")
(2 2)
(0 "Grid:")
(12 (0 1 3 0))
(13 (0 1 a 0))
(10 (0 1 8 0 2))
(12 (7 1 3 1 3))
(13 (2 1 2 2 2)(
1212
3 4 2 3))
(13 (3 3 5 3 2)(
5110
1320
3 6 3 0))
(13 (4 6 8 3 2)(
7430
4220
2 8 1 0))
(13 (5 9 9 c 2)(
8 5 1 0))
(13 (1 a a 8 2)(
6 7 3 0))
(18 (1 1 5 1)(
9 a))
(10 (1 1 8 1 2)(
1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00
2.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00
2.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
3.00000000e+00
3.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00))
Figure 3
Figure 3:
(0 "Grid:")
(0 "Dimensions:")
(2 2)
(12 (0 1 7 0))
(13 (0 1 16 0))
(10 (0 1 d 0 2))
(12 (7 1 6 1 3))
(12 (1 7 7 20 3))
(58 (7 7 1 7)(
4 6 5 4 3))
(13 (2 1 7 2 2)(
1263
1334
1445
1556
6712
5826
9 5 2 5))
(13 (3 8 b 3 2)(
a610
6920
4b40
9 4 5 0))
(13 (4 c f 3 2)(
2860
c230
8720
7 d 1 0))
(13 (5 10 10 a 2)(
d a 1 0))
(13 (6 11 12 24 2)(
3c30
b 3 4 0))
(13 (b 13 13 1f 2)(
c 8 7 0))
(13 (a 14 14 1f 2)(
b c 7 0))
(13 (9 15 15 1f 2)(
9 b 7 0))
(13 (8 16 16 1f 2)(
9 8 2 7))
(59 (13 13 b 4)(
2 d c))
(59 (14 14 a 6)(
2 12 11))
(59 (15 15 9 3)(
2 b a))
(59 (16 16 8 2)(
2 7 6))
(10 (1 1 d 1 2)
(
2.50000000e+00
2.50000000e+00
3.00000000e+00
2.50000000e+00
2.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
2.00000000e+00
2.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
3.00000000e+00
3.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
5.00000000e-01
1.00000000e+00
5.00000000e-01
0.00000000e+00
5.00000000e-01
0.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
0.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00
1.00000000e+00))
Case
Index: 39
Scheme symbol: xf-rp-tv
C macro: XF_RP_TV
Codes: FLUENT
Status: optional
(39 (zone-id zone-type zone-name)(

(condition1 . value1)
.))
(39 (zone-id zone-type zone-name)())
zone-id
axisexhaust fanfanfluidinlet ventintake faninterfaceinterior
mass-flow-inletoutlet ventoutflowperiodicporous-jumppressure-far-fieldpressure-inlet
pressure-outletradiatorshadowsolidsymmetryvelocity-inletwall
interior, fan, porous-jump, radiator Interior
FLUENT wall
cell (element)
fluid
solid
Scheme
(Scheme symbol)
z
z
! %&* / : < = > ? _ ^
. + inlet-port/cold!, eggs/easy, e=m*c^2
(39 (1 fluid fuel)())

(39 (8 pressure-inlet pressure-inlet-8)())
(39 (2 wall wing-skin)())
(39 (3 symmetry mid-plane)())
Index: 40
Scheme symbol: xf-partition
C macro: XF_PARTITION
Codes: FLUENT
Status: only for partitioned grids
(40 (zone-id first-index last-index partition-count)(
p1
p2
p3
.
pn
))
p1 ID first-index p2 ID first-index+1 pn
ID lastt-index ID 0 partition-count-1
partition-count
Index: 33
Scheme symbol: xf-grid-size
C macro: XF_GRID_SIZE
Codes: FLUENT
Status: optional
(33 (n-elements n-faces n-nodes))
Data Field
Index: 300
Scheme symbol: xf-rf-seg-data
C macro: XF_RF_SEG_DATA
Codes: FLUENT
Status: required
case
(300 (sub-section-id zone-id size n-time-levels

n-phases first-id last-id)
( data for cell or face with id = first-id
data-for-cell-or-face with id = first-id+1
..
data-for-cell-or-face with id = last-id
))
sub-section-id 1 2
Fluent Inc (xfile.h)Zone-id ID
case ID Size (1 2 3
)N-time-levels n-phases
(300 (2 16 2 0 0 17 100)
(8.08462024e-01 8.11823010e-02
8.78750622e-01 3.15509699e-02
1.06139672e+00 -3.74040119e-02
...
1.33301604e+00 -5.04243895e-02
6.21703446e-01 -2.46118382e-02
4.41687912e-01 -1.27046436e-01
1.03528820e-01 -1.01711005e-01
))
Index: 301
Scheme symbol: xf-residuals
C macro: XF_RF_SEG_RESIDUAL
Codes: FLUENT
Status: optional
(301 (n residual-subsection-id size)(

r1
r2
.
.
.
rn
))
n size (1 2 3
) Residual-subsection-id xfile.h C
Fluent Inc
Fluent
FLUENT FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
z
z ()
z
z XY
z
Kelvin Rankine Celsius Kelvin

Kelvin Fahrenheit Rankine
Rankine
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT British, SI, CGS, "default."
Set All To Define/Units...
Figure 1:
british si CGS (centimeter-gram-second)
cgs default
List FLUENT
FLUENT
1.
2.
0.0254 meters/inch
1
273.15
1.
2. New...
Figure 1:
3.
4. OK
3600 OK
feet/min
x
ft 0.3048m min
m
= y
min
ft
60s
s

FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
ijk
FLUENT
FLUENT
Figure 1:
FLUENT 111
FLUENT O C
Note that while FLUENT
does not require a cyclic branch cut in an O-type grid it will accept a grid that contains one.
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4: O
Figure 5:
Figure 6: C
Figure 7:
Figure 8: Unstructured Triangular Grid for an Airfoil
Figure 9:
Figure 10:/
Figure 11: for a Rotor-Stator Geometry
FLUENT
z
z
z
FLUENT 4 FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
/
/
z
z
z FLUENT
z
z
/
x (Figure 1).
Figure 1: x
z GAMBIT TGrid
GeoMesh CAD
TGrid GeoMesh CAD
1.
2.
GAMBIT TGrid
GeoMesh CAD
FLUENT make-periodic
(
TGrid )
skewness
yp
u
1
vx
y p = u = v = X =
Blasius [139]
CPU CPU
/
FLUENT
90
60
5:1
FLUENT
GAMBIT TGrid GeoMesh preBFC ICEMCFD I-DEAS NASTRAN
PATRANARIESANSYS FLUENT/UNSRAMPANT
FLUENT 4 case
GAMBIT
GAMBIT //
GAMBIT
FLUENT 5
FLUENTFile/Read/Case...
GeoMesh
GeoMesh
GeoMesh
TGrid FLUENT
File/Read/Case...
TGrid
TGrid /
TGrid FLUENT File/Write/Mesh...
File/Read/Case...
preBFC
preBFC FLUENT /
/
preBFC
70
35 File/Import/preBFC Structured Mesh...
preBFC FLUENT tfilter fl42seg
inputflile outputfile File/Read/Case... FLUENT
preBFC
MESH-RAMPANT/TGRID RAMPANT FLUENT
RAMPANT
File/Read/Case... preBFC
TGrid TGRID
TGrid
ICEMCFD
ICEMCFD FLUENT 4 RAMPANT
ICEMCFD
CAD
FLUENT fe2ram CAD I-DEAS
NASTRAN PATRAN ANSYS
I-DEAS Universal
FLUENT I-deas
1. I-DEAS
TGrid B
TGrid TGrid
2. I-DEAS
File/Import/IDEAS Universal... FLUENT
3. I-DEAS
fe2ram Universal FLUENT
File/Read/Case...
FLUENT Universal
15 781 2411
780 2412
752 2417 2429
z
// Universal
FLUENT
I-DEAS Group FLUENT

FLUENT
GROUPE I-DEAS FLUENT

FLUENT
I-DEAS
FLUENT I-DEAS
NASTRAN
NASTRAN FLUENT
1. NASTRAN
TGrid B
TGrid TGrid
2. NASTRAN
File/Import/NASTRAN.. FLUENT
3. NASTRAN
fe2ram NASTRAN FLUENT
File/Read/Case...
NASTRAN
FLUENT NASTRAN
GRID
GRID*
CBAR
CTETRA CTRIA3
CHEXA CQUAD4 CPENTA
z
FLUENT NASTRAN
PATRAN Neutral
FLUENT
1. PATRAN
TGrid B
TGrid TGrid
2. PATRAN
File/Import/ PATRAN... FLUENT
3. PATRAN
fe2ram PATRAN FLUENT
File/Read/Case...
PATRAN
FLUENT PATRAN
Packet Type 01
Packet Type 02
Packet Type 21
z PATRAN Named
Component FLUENT
FLUENT
ANSYS Prep7
FLUENT
1. ANSYS ARIES
PATRAN TGrid B
TGrid TGrid
2. PATRAN
File/Import/ANSYS... FLUENT
3. ANSYS
fe2ram ANSYS Prep7 FLUENT
File/Read/Case...
PATRAN
FLUENT Prep7
N
EN
NSEL
ESEL
STIF63
fe2ram
CAD FLUENT
tfilter fe2ram [dimension] format [zoning] input-file output-file
-d2
-tANSYS ANSYS -tIDEAS I-DEAS -tNASTRAN NASTRAN

-tPATRAN PATRAN CAD
tfilter fe2ram -cl helpZoning CAD -zID
-zNONE zoning
input-file output-file
I-DEAS sample.unv sample.grd

tfilter fe2ram -d2 -tIDEAS sample.unv sample.grd
FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT Case
FLUENT/UNS 3 4 case RAMPANT 2, 3, 4 case
File/Read/Case... FLUENT
FLUENT 4 Case
FLUENT 4 Case FLUENT
File/Import/FLUENT 4 Case... FLUENT 4 case
FLUENT 4 FLUENT
tfilter fl42seg input-filename output-filename File/Read/Case...

FLUENT
FIDAP 7 Neutral
FIDAP 7 Neutral FLUENT
File/Import/FIDAP7... FLUENT 4 case
tfilter fe2ram [dimension] -tFIDAP7 input-file
output-file-d2
File/Read/Case... FLUENT
z
z
FLUENT
1.
2. fl42seg
FLUENT
3. TGrid tmerge TGrid
tmerge /
1. TGrid TGrid
2.
Tgrid
tmerge
1. tfilter tmerge3d () tfilter tmerge2d ().
2.
/
user@mymachine:>tfilter tmerge2d
Starting /Fluent.Inc/tfilter2.5/ultra/tmerge2d/tfilter.2.0.16
Append 2D grid files.
tmerge2D Fluent Inc, Version 2.0.16
Enter name of grid file (ENTER to continue):my1.msh
x,y scaling factor, eg. 1 1
:11
x,y translation, eg. 0 1

:00
rotation angle (deg), eg. 45
:0
Enter name of grid file (ENTER to continue):my2.msh
x,y scaling factor, eg. 1 1
:11
x,y translation, eg. 0 1
:00
rotation angle (deg), eg. 45
:0
Enter name of grid file (ENTER to continue):<ENTER>
Enter name of output file
:final.msh
Reading...
node zone: id 1, ib 1, ie 1677, typ 1
node zone: id 2, ib 1678, ie 2169, typ 2
done.
Writing...
492 nodes, id 1, ib 1678, ie 2169, type 2.
1677 nodes, id 2, ib 1, ie 1677, type 1.
done.
Appending done.
tfilter tmerge2d -cl -p my1.msh my2.msh final.msh

3.
` Fuse Face Zones
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
( Figure 1)
( Figure 2)FLUENT
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3 A-BB-CD-E E-F

a-dd-bb-e e-c(d-b,
b-e, e-c)(a-d)
IV D-E d-b b-e I
III IV
Figure 3:
90

(
)
z
z
z
FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT
FLUENT
FLUENT FLUENT
1. FLUENT
2.
3. (Figure 1) Define/Grid Interfaces...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Figure 1:
()

FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT Case
FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT FLUENT
FLUENT
define/grid-interfaces/recreatetext
FLUENT
FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT data
FLUENT
X
Grid/Check
Grid Check
Domain Extents:
x-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 6.400001e+01
y-coordinate: min (m) = -4.538534e+00, max (m) = 6.400000e+01
Volume statistics:
minimum volume (m3): 2.782193e-01
maximum volume (m3): 3.926232e+00
total volume (m3): 1.682930e+03
Face area statistics:
minimum face area (m2): 8.015718e-01
maximum face area (m2): 4.118252e+00
Checking number of nodes per cell.
Checking number of faces per cell.
Checking thread pointers.
Checking number of cells per face.
Checking face cells.
Checking face handedness.
Checking element type consistency.
Checking boundary types:
Checking face pairs.
Checking periodic boundaries.
Checking node count.
Checking nosolve cell count.
Checking nosolve face count.
Done.
XY Z
Iso-Value Adaption
FLUENT
x x
x
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
Grid/Info/Size
Grid Information
Level
Cells
Faces
Nodes Partitions
0
48
82
35
1
Grid/Info/Zones
FAS
Grid Information
Level
Cells
Faces
Nodes Partitions
0
48
82
35
1
1
18
52
0
1
2
7
37
0
1
3
4
3
1
27
20
0
0
1
1
FLUENT
Grid/Info/Memory Usage
UNIX Windows NT
UNIX
z
z heap
z
Windows NT
z RAM heap
z Windows NT heap
z
z
z FLUENT heap
z heap
Windows NT FLUENT
fl542s.exe
cx332.exe ()fl542.exe () fl_smpi542.exe ()
Grid/Info/Zones
Zone sizes:
21280 hexahedral cells, zone 4.
532 quadrilateral velocity-inlet faces, zone 1.
532 quadrilateral pressure-outlet faces, zone 2.
1040 quadrilateral symmetry faces, zone 3.
1040 quadrilateral symmetry faces, zone 7.
61708 quadrilateral interior faces, zone 5.
1120 quadrilateral wall faces, zone 6.
23493 nodes.
Partition
Grid/Info/Partitions menu item.
case
data case case
FLUENT
Grid /Scale...
1.
Figure 1:
0.0254 / 0.3048 /
/
2. Scale
FLUENT
3.
UnScale "Unscaling"( m
Scale )
5 8
2 10 16
x
x XY
Grid/Translate
1.
2.
Figure 1:

Grid/Merge...
Figure 1:
FLUENT
imposing
1.
2.
3.
case
FLUENT
case
89 90
ID
(Figure 1) Grid/Separate/Faces...
Figure 1:
1. (Angle, Face, Mark, Region)

2.
3.
z
z
4. Report
Zone not separated.
45 faces in contiguous region 0
Separates zone 4 into 4 zone(s).
5. Separate FLUENT
Separates zone 4 into 4 zone(s).
Updating zone information ...
created zone wall-4:001
done.
Figure 1:
ID
Grid/Separate/Cells..
Figure 2:
1. (Mark Region)
2.
3.
4. Report
Zone not separated.
Separates zone 14 into two zones, with 1275 and 32 cells.
5. Separate FLUENT
Separates zone 14 into two zones, with 1275 and 32 cells.
No faces marked on thread, 2
Separates zone 62 into two zones, with 1763 and 58 faces.
All faces marked on thread, 4
Moved 20 faces from face zone 4 to zone 6
Updating zone information ...
Moved 32 cells from cell zone 14 to zone 10
created zone interior-4
created zone interior-6
created zone fluid-14:010
done.
case

Grid/modify-zones/make-periodic
ID
shadow
/grid/modify-zones> mp
Periodic zone [()] 1
Shadow zone [()] 4
Rotational periodic? (if no, translational) [yes] n
Create periodic zones? [yes] yes
computed translation deltas: -2.000000 -2.000000
all 10 faces matched for zones 1 and 4.
zone 4 deleted
Created periodic zones.
matching-tolerance 0.5
Grid/modify-zones/matching-tolerance
slit

Grid/modify-zones/slit-periodic ID
/grid/modify-zones> sp
periodic zone [()] periodic-1
Separated periodic zone.
Fusing
Grid/Fuse...
Figure 1:
ID tmerge TGrid
ID
1.
2. Fuse
(
) 0.5
O C
FLUENT
(
)

fuse-face-zonesGrid/modify-zones/fuse-face-zones
ID
matching-tolerance
z
z
shadow shadow
"slitting""separating"
Grid/modify-zones/slit-face-zone ID
/grid/modify-zones> slfz
face zone id/name [] wall-4
zone 4 deleted
face zone 4 created
face zone 10 created
case data
DomainZones
Grid/Reorder domain zones

Domain
Grid/Reorder/Domain
Grid/Reorder/Print Bandwidth
Cuthill-McKee seed cell

Gibbs, Poole, Stockmeyer[57]
ID

>> Reordering domain: zones, cells, faces, done.
Bandwidth reduction = 809/21 = 38.52
Done.
Maximum cell distance = 21
FLUENT
Figure 1 FLUENT
case
FLUENT
"Cartesian Strip"
Figure 1:
z
z
FLUENT
Bisection
( Figure 1)
X-, Y-, Z
( Figure 2.)
R
RX-, RY-, RZ
,
R-, Theta-, Z-,
( Figure 3)
FLUENT
( Figure 4)
X-, Y-, Z-( Figure 4)
R- Theta-( Figure 5)
Rho-, Theta-, Phi-
Figure 1:
Figure 2: X-
Figure 3:
Figure 4: X-
Figure 5: Theta-
pre-testing()
( Figure 1)
( Figure 2.)
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Pretesting
FLUENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
Grid/Partition...
Figure 1:
1.
2. Number
3.
4. Do
5.
Pre-Test
6. Zones / Registers /
7.
Verbosity 1 2
ID
Verbosity 0
Print Partitions
ID
Default FLUENT
Default Reset Reset

Default Reset Default
ID
0 3 (10) 1 2 (19)
10 19
>> Partitions:
P
Cells
I-Cells Cell Ratio Faces
I-Faces
Face Ratio Neighbors
0
134
10
0.075
217
10
0.046
1
1
137
19
0.139
222
19
0.086
2
2
134
19
0.142
218
19
0.087
2
3
137
10
0.073
223
10
0.045
1
-----Partition count
=4
Cell variation
= (134 - 137)
Mean cell variation
= ( -1.1% 1.1%)
Intercell variation
= (10 - 19)
Intercell ratio variation
=(
7.3% 14.2%)
Global intercell ratio
= 10.7%
Face variation
= (217 - 223)
Interface variation
= (10 - 19)
Interface ratio variation
=(
4.5% 8.7%)
Global interface ratio
=
3.4%
Neighbor variation
= (1 - 2)
Computing connected regions; type ^C to interrupt.
Connected region count
=4
5 Figures 1
Cell Info...(
)
FLUENT
File/Import/Partition/Metis...FLUENT

tfilter partition input-filename partition-count output-filenamepartition-count
METIS METIS Minnesota

Army HPC Karypis Kumar
METIS
[79]
FLUENT
repeating, and pole boundaries:

()
(
(Figure 1)
Figure 1:
:
1.
2.
3.
(
),
(.)
Figure 1:
FLUENT
1.2. Set...1.
2..
1.2.
pressure-inlet-7
small-inlet large-inlet()
1.
2. Set...3. 4. OK
(UDF)
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
z
z
z
FLUENT
z Spalart-Allmaras
m_t/m
FLUENT
z k-e K Epsilon Turb. Kinetic
EnergyTurb. Dissipation Rate
z K Epsilon Turb. Kinetic
EnergyTurb. Dissipation Rate
I u_avg u^'
1% 10%
0.05%.
u
0.16 Re DH
u avg
1 8
50000 4%
l l
L
l = 0.07 L
L 0.07
L
L
l = 0.07 L
L l
z
L=D_H
z
L
z
d_99 l l=0.4 d_99
m_t/m (Re_t ?k^2/(e n))Re_t

(100 1000)
m_t/m 1 < m_t/m <10
Spalart-Allmaras
k-e RSM
I, L, m_t/m
FLUENT I
l
3
v~ =
u avg Il
2
Spalart-Allmaras l
k I
k=
3
(uavg I )2
2
u_avg
k e
l
3
4
= C
3
2
k
l
C 0.09l
k e
E m_t/m k
k 2 t
= C

C 0.09
k e
kU
L
k k ( k 10%), U
L Equation 9
k U ?k/?x = - e.
e 7 m_t/m
FLUENT e
K Epsilon
3 I k
RSM
k
ui u j = 0
u u =
2
k
3
( a ).
K FLUENT
LES
LES
z
z
z
z
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z ()
z ( PDF )
z ()
z ()
z ()
(Figure 1)
Figure 1:
(p_s^')(p_s^' or p_0^') r_0 g x FLUENT
ps = 0 gx + ps
ps
p
= 0 g + s
x
x
(r - r_0)g
(p^'_s)
Gauge Total Pressure field Total Temperature

field
p0 = p s + v
1 2
p0 = ps 1 +
M
2
( 1)
p_0
=
p_s =
M =
c
= (c_p/c_v)
1 v
1 3
1
3
x, y, z ()
Figure 1
1.
2.
3. 3
(X, Y, Z)
z
z
z
z
Figure 1:
4.
z X, Y, (in 3D)
Z
z
z
X, Y, Z
(termed the Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure)
FLUENT Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure

Supersonic/Initial Gauge
Pressure

P-1 DTRM DO
(Rosseland )
PDF/
PDF
VOFcavitation
VOF cavitation
Gauge Total Pressure 0

Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure 0
Total Temperature 300
X-Component of Flow Direction 1
Y-Component of Flow Direction 0
Z-Component of Flow Direction 0
Turb. Kinetic Energy
1
Turb. Dissipation Rate 1
FLUENT
FLUENT p_0
p0 = ps +
1 2
v
2
p0 + p0 p 1 2
M
= 1+
ps + p0 p
2
( 1)
M=
v
v
=
c
RTs
p_op
p_0^' p_s^'
= ps + p0 p
) RT
T0
1 2
=1+
M
Ts
2

FLUENT
z
z
z
z Outflow gauge pressure (for calculations with the coupled solvers)
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
z PDE
z
z
z ()
Figure 1:
FLUENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
z X, Y,
() Z
z ,
z
X, Y, Z- X, Y, Z-
Figure 1
z X, Y,
() Z
z
z
X, Y, Z- X, Y, Z-
W
W
W, v_q W r r
FLUENT v_q W r
( RAMPANT
P-1 DTRM DO
(Rosseland )
PDF/
PDF
VOFcavitation
VOF cavitation

Temperature 300
Velocity Magnitude 0
X-Velocity
0
Y-Velocity
0
Z-Velocity
0
1
Outflow Gauge Pressure 0
FLUENT
FLUENT
m& = v dA
FLUENT
Outflow Gauge Pressure field
z
z
z
z
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
z PDE
z
z
Figure 1:
FLUENT
1.
2.
(2p-radian) 1-radian
Mass Flux
(2p-radian) 1-radian

(termed the Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure)
FLUENT Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure
Supersonic/Initial Gauge
Pressure
Figure 1
1.
2.
3. 3
(X, Y, Z)
z X, Y, () Z
z ,
P-1 DTRM DO
(Rosseland )
PDF/
PDF
Mass Flow-Rate 1
Total Temperature 300
Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure
X-Component of Flow Direction
Y-Component of Flow Direction
Z-Component of Flow Direction
1
0
1
0
0
m(dot)
r v ()FLUENT
v =
m&
A
r v r v
p = RT
v
r v r k v
z
z
z
z
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
z PDE
z
z
z ()
z
Figure 1:
FLUENT
D p
p = k L
1 2
v
2
r k_L
D p
z
z
z
z
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
z PDE
z
z
z ()
z
Figure 1:
gauge
FLUENT
z
z
z
z
z
z PDE
z
z ()
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
Figure 1:
Gauge
FLUENT
gauge
p v2
r
r
r v_q
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
PDF
VOF Cavitation ASM

Gauge
1
1
3
P-1 DTRM DO
(Rosseland )

Default settings (in SI) for pressure outlet boundary conditions are as follows:
Gauge Pressure
0
Backflow Total Temperature 300
Backflow Turb. Kinetic Energy 1
Backflow Turb. Dissipation Rate 1
FLUENT p_s
FLUENT
20
z
z
z
z
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
z
Figure 1
Figure 1:
Gauge
X, Y ()Z
P-1 DTRM DO
(Rosseland )
Default settings (in SI) for pressure far-field boundary conditions are as follows:
Gauge Pressure
0
Mach Number 0.6
Temperature 300
1
R = Vn
Ri = Vni
2c
1
2ci
1
V_n c c ?
i
V ni =
c=
1
4
1
(R i + R
2
(Ri R )
V_n c
V_n, c,
FLUENT
FLUENT
z
z
z
FLUENT
FLUENT
z
z
FLUENT
FLUENT
/
(D)
(C)
Figure 1:
z (B)
(B)
z (A)
FLUENT FLUENT
(FLUENT )
FLUENT
Figure 1: The Outflow Panel
percentage
flow
flow rate weighting specified on boundary
=
through
boundary
sum of flow rate weighting
1
FLUENT
75%
25% 0.75
0.25
0.75 1
Boundary 1 = 0.75/0.75+1.0
= 0.429 42.9%
Boundary 2
= 1.0/0.75+1.0 = 0.571 57.1%
P-1
DTRM DO
1 300
z
z
z
z
z
z PDE
z
z ()
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
z
Figure 1
Figure 1:
D p v
p = k L
1 2
v
2
r k_L
D p
z
z
z
z
z
z PDE
z
z
z
z
z
()
( P-1 DTRM DO )
Figure 1
Figure 1: The Exhaust Fan Panel
FLUENT
( FLUENT
)
z
z
z
z
z
z
z ( P-1 DTRM DO )
z
FLUENT
z
z
z
z
z
/
Figure 1
Figure 1:
1 3
FLUENT
1
FLUENT
D x/k k D x
2 T_b
Figure 2:
FLUENT
z (
)
z
()
3 T_b1 T_b2
k_w1 k_w2 3
Figure 3:
Figure 1:
(X,Y,Z )

(0,0,0)(X,Y,Z)
z
x (0,0)
(
)
/
FLUENT
x, y, z
Figure 1:
(1/k)( B)
u pu *
u * y p
B
ln E

1
u^* = C_m^1/4k^1/2 B
B ()
B K_s ^+ = r K_s u^*/m

K_s u^* = C_m^1/4k^1/2 B K_s^+
K_s^+
z (K_s^+ < 3 ~ 5)
z (3 ~ 5 < K_s^+ < 70 ~ 90)
z (K_s^+ > 70 ~ 90)
FLUENT B Nikuradse's
[27] Cebeci Bradshaw
(K_s^+ < 2.25)
B = 0
(2.25 < K_s^+ < 90)
B =
K + 2.25
ln s
+ C K s K s+ sin 0.4258 ln K s+ 0.811
87.25
)}
C_K_s
(K_s^+ > 90)
B =
ln 1 + C K s K s+
B (K_s^+) 1
K_s C_K_s
K_s
K_s(D_50)
K_s
(C_K_s)(C_K_s = 0.5)
k-e Nikuradse's
(C_K_s = 0.5 ~ 1.0)

C_K_s
K_s
FLUENT
Dirichlet
1.
Figure 1:
2.
Dirichle FLUENT
P-1 DTRM DO
(Rosseland
FLUENT 1 DO
)
FLUENT
FLUENT
w =
v
n

q = h f (Tw T f ) + qrad
h_f =
T_w =
T_f =
q^"=
q^"_rad=
1 9
q =
kn
(Tw Ts ) + qrad
n
k_s =
T_s =
D n =
FLUENT
1
Tw =
q qrad
+ Tf
hf
Tw =
)n
(q qrad
+T
kn
FLUENT
heat sink
= hext (Text Tw )
q = h f (Tw Ts ) + qrad
h_ext
=
T_ext
=
q^"_rad =
= est T4 Tw4
q = h f (Tw Ts ) + qrad
e_ext=
s=Stefan-Boltzmann
T_w =
T_?=sink
q^"_rad=
Equation 1
= hest (Text Tw ) + ext T4 Tw4

q = h f (Tw T f ) + qrad
Equation 1
Fourier FLUENT
q = k f
T
n
wall
n
FLUENT [93]
FLUENT
z
z
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
/
FLUENT
FLUENT4 FLUENT4
FLUENT4
Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
(
)
Grid/Check

FLUENT
FLUENT4
Figure 1:
FLUENT
k-e Spalart-Allmaras
DO
Figure 1:
z
z
x (0,0)
(
)
X, Y, Z
DO
DO
Figure 1:
z
z
x (0,0)
(
)

X, Y, Z
DO
z
FLUENT
(Darcy)
3
j =1
j =1
S i = Dij v j + Cij
1
vj vj
2
S_i i (x, y, or z)D C
Si =
1
vi + C2 v j v j
2
a C_2 D C 1/a C_2
FLUENT
S i = C0 v j
C1
= C0 v
(C1 1)
vi
C_0 C_1
C_0
Darcy
C_2
Darcy
p =
v j nx
j =1 xj
3
p x =
v j n y
j =1 yj
3
p y =
v j nz
j =1 zj
3
p z =
1/a_ij 1 D v_j D n_x D

n_y D n_z
1/a_ij .
1 C_2
3
p
1
= C 2ij v j v j
2
xi j =1
p x = C2 xj nx
j =1
p y = C 2 yj n x
j =1
3
p z = C 2 zj n x
j =1
1
v j v j
2
1
v j v j
2
1
v j v j
2
FLUENT
( f h f (1 ) s hs ) + ( f ui h f ) = keff T
xi
xi
xi
xi
t
u
ik i + S hf + (1 )S sh
xk
h
j
J j +
Dp
+
Dt
h_f=
h_s=
f=
k_eff=
S^h_f=
S^h_s=
k_eff
k eff = k f + (1 )k s
f=
k_f= k_t
k_s=
FLUENT
k-e Spalart-Allmaras m_t

FLUENT

m_t
1.
2.
3. 3 1/a_ij
3 C_2_ij
4.
5.
6.
7. /
/
5 C_0 C_1
Figure 1:
/
/
/ z
1.
z 1 2
(0,0)(0,0,0)(X,Y)(X,Y,Z)
1. "Snap"
2.
3.
FLUENT 1
1.
2. (0,0,0)
(X,Y,Z)FLUENT
3. () 0.
Figure 1:
z
1.
FLUENT
z
1. "Snap"
2.
3.
FLUENT
1/a
C_2
1 2 3
q
2.
2.
FLUENT 100%
1/a_ij / C_2_ij
FLUENT
C_2
25% 0.5
%25 K_L 0.5
p =
1
v
2
25 % open
C_2 FLUENT
1. 100%
2.
K_L' 100%
2
p = K L v 100
% open
2
v_25% open = 4 v_100% open,
K L = K L
2
v25
% open
2
v100
% open
4
= 0.5 = 8
1
8
1.0 mm
C2 =
K L
8
= 3 = 8000m 1
thickness 10
Ergun [49]
150 (1 )
1.75 (1 )
Vv
p =
+
D p2
D p 3
3
2
Blake-Kozeny
[49]
150 (1 )
p =
3
D p2
2
m D_p e
Darcy 1 9 1
3
150 (1 )2
D p2
C2 =
3.5 (1 )
Dp 3
Van Winkle [146][121]
2
m& = CA (2 ) 1 (A f AP )
m(dot)=
A_f=
A_p=)
C= D/t
D/t=
t/D > 1.6 Re > 4000 C 0.98
17
m& = Ap
D x = t
p 1 2 1 (Ap A f
= v 2
t
x 2
C
v 1
C_2
1 (Ap A f ) 1
C2 = 2
C
t
2
Blake-Kozeny( 11)
[70]
f Q
0.262
0.25
0.258
0.26
0.221
0.40
0.218
0.41
0.172
0.80
Q = a a Darcy 1
2
5
C_0 C_1 C_0 C_1
1.0
1.0 /
FLUENT
FLUENT
bulk
a C_2
gauge
FLUENT
1/a_ij C_2_i,j
1000
XY
z X,Y,Z
FLUENT
FLUENT
p = f n v n1
n =1
D p Paf_n v
v
U =
f v
n = 1
;1 N 6
Ur =
g v
n = 1
;1 N 6
U_q U_r m/sf_n g_n

r
Figure 1:
1.
2.
3.
4.
FLUENT
Define/Boundary
Conditions...
1.
2.
3.
4.
Figure 1:
1.
2.
3. D p
1.
2. D p
1.
2. D p
2
2.0m 0.4m 15 m/s
Figure 2:
2000rpm
Q (m^3/s)D p (Pa)
250.0
20175
15350
10525
5700
0875
Q D p
1.0 0.4
v (m/s)D p (Pa)
62.50.0
50.0175
37.5350
25.0525
12.5700
0875
p = 875 14v
1.
2.
3.
110
4.
1.
2. 1 f_n
3 g_n f_-1 f_0
(1/r)
1.
2.
3. U_q U_r
1.
2. U_q U_r
1.
2.
1. ()
2.
1.
XY
2.
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
D p
v
p = k L
1 2
v
2
r k_L
k L = rn v n1
n =1
r_n v
q = h(THX Texit )
q T_HX T_exit
h
h = hn v n ;0 N 7
n =0
h_n v m/s
qh, T_HXq
1
h
v
m& c p T
q=
= h(THX Texit )
q=(W/m^2)
m(dot)=(kg/s)
c_p=(J/kg-K)
h=(W/m^2K)
T_exit=(K)
T_HX=()(K)
A=(m^2)
5
q=
m& c p (Texit Tinlet )

A
= h(THX Texit )
h=
m& c p (Texit Tinlet )

A(THX Texit )
h=
c p (Texit Tinlet )
(THX Texit )
Figure 1:
1.
2.
3.
4.
/
FLUENT
Define/Boundary
Conditions...
k_L
1.
2.
Figure 1:
4.
5. k_L
Figure 2: r
7 kg/min 400.0 K
(1/2)r v^2 D p k_L
1 ( 2 1.0 kg/m^3)
VelocityInlet TempExit TempPressure Drop

(m/s)(K)(K)(Pa)
5.0300.0330.075.0
10.0300.0322.5250.0
15.0300.0320.0450.0

v (m/s)(1/2)r v^2 (Pa)D p (Pa)k_L
5.012.575.06.0
10.050.0250.05.0
15.0112.5450.04.0
k L = 7 .0 0 .2 v
v
q
h, T_HX
0
T_HX
1.
2.
1.
2. h
1.0 kg/m^31000 J/kg-K)

h
Velocityh
(m/s)(W/m^2K)
5.02142.9
10.02903.2
15.03750.0
h = 1469.1 + 126.11 + 1.73v 2

v
1. ()
2.
xy z
3
1
z
z XY
robust
Darcy
p = v + C 2 v 2 m
2
m a C_2 v
D m C_2
Figure 1:
1.
2. 1
3. D m
4. C_2
5.
/

FLUENT
()
]
FLUENT
FLUENT
Figure 1: 4 2
FLUENT
p 1
= f mU A2min
s 2
p
=
s
f=
r_m=
U_A_min=
) (
f = Kc +1 2 1 2 Ke + fc
A
Ac
s=
K_c=
K_e=
A=
A_c=
f_c=
f c = a Re min b
a=
b=
Re_min=
Re min =
U A Dh
m
min
r_m=
m_m=
D_h=
U_A_min=
A
Dh = 4 L c
A
U_A_min
U Amin =
U s
qcell = (m& c p )air (Tin Tcell )

where
e=
(m(dot) c_p)_air=(
T__in=
T_cell=
qmarco =
cell
all cells in marco
q total =
all
marcol
mar cos
1 T
qmarco = (m& c p )coolant (Tout Tin )
T__in T__out T__out
Macro 0 1
1357
1 7

z e
z (m(dot) c_p)
z
z
z
1. Define/odels/nergy...
2. Define/ser-Defined/eat
Exchanger...
Figure 1:
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
1
0 n-1n
Figure 1: 3 4
Figure 2:
7
(m(dot) c_p
FLUENT

5 q_total.
FLUENT 1
7 T__in
z
1.
2.
1 7 T__in
z FLUENT
z
z
case
FLUENT
1.
Figure 1:
2.
3. 3
Min Flow to Face Area Ratio
(s)
Entrance Loss Coefficient (K_c)
Exit Loss Coefficient
(K_e)
Air Side Surface Area
(A)
Min Cross Section Flow Area
(A_c)
5
the Core Friction Coefficient Core Friction Exponent a b
4. 1 n
z
z
1.
2.
5. /
("modelname"
(0.73 0.43 0.053 5.2 0.33 9.1 0.66)
((1 1.0 .6234) (2 2.0 0.5014) (3 3.5 0.3932)
(4 5.0 0.3244) (5 6.5 0.2762) (6 8.0 0.2405)
(7 10.0 0.2050) (8 12.0 0.1785) (9 15.0 0.1495)))
modelname
(s K_c K_e A A_c a b)
(point velocity effectiveness)
1.
2. HXC OKFLUENT
define/models/heat-exchanger/heat-exchanger-report
1
FLUENT
n 1 i n
FLUENT
n (x_i,y_i,v_i) 1 i n
m n 1 i n 1 j m
(r_i,v_i)
1 i n
z (0,0) z
z (0,0) x
z
"fields" fields
tab
||
((profile1-name point|line|radial n)
(field1-name a1 a2 ... an)
(field2-name b1 b2 ... bn)
.
.
.
(fieldf-name f1 f2 ... fn))
((profile2-name mesh m n)
(field1-name a11 a12 ... a1n
a21 a22 ... a2n
.
.
.
am1 am2 ... amn)
.
.
.
(fieldf-name f11 f12 ... f1n
f21 f22 ... f2n
.
.
.
fm1 fm2 ... fmn))
xy z
r Scheme
k e ke
((turb-prof point 8)
(x
4.00000E+00
4.00000E+00
(y
1.06443E-03
2.90494E-01
(u
5.47866E+00
1.01674E+01
(tke
4.93228E-01
6.89414E-03
(eps
1.27713E+02
9.78365E-03
)
4.00000E+00
4.00000E+00
3.19485E-03
3.31222E-01
6.59870E+00
1.01656E+01
4.00000E+00
4.00000E+00
5.33020E-03
3.84519E-01
7.05731E+00
1.01637E+01
4.00000E+00
4.00000E+00 )
7.47418E-03
4.57471E-01 )
7.40079E+00
1.01616E+01 )
6.19247E-01
6.89666E-03
5.32680E-01
6.90015E-03
4.93642E-01
6.90478E-03 )
6.04399E+01
9.79056E-03
3.31187E+01 2.21535E+01
9.80001E-03 9.81265E-03 )
1.
2. 1 File/Read/Profile...
3.
Define/Profiles...
Figure 1:
x
y y
Figure 1:
z XY Y
FLUENT
FLUENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Figure 1: The Orient Profile Panel
1.
2. Compute From.... xy z
0
1.
2. Compute From.... xy z
1.
2.
3. Compute From....
Orient To...
Orient To... X'Y' Z'X'Y' Z'
000
xyz.
X'Y' Z'
4.
5.
6. FLUENT
X'Y'Z'
10
1 (m(dot)/V) = (r_j A_j v_j/V)

(m(dot) v/V) = (m(dot) v_j/V) V
z
Figure 1: Defining a Source for a Tiny Inlet
(
)
1.
2.
z
z
z
z
SI
kg/m^3-s
S_m
h2o2
kg/m^3-s
1 S_i^'
XY / Z N/m^3
F_i
W/m^3
1 S_h
k e k
kg/m-s^3e kg/m-s^4
k k-e
1
e k-e
3
1
FLUENT
FLUENT "materials"
(site-wide)
case case
1( 1)
Define/Materials...
1.
2.
)
3.
4. /
1.
2.
3.
4. /
Yes
No
(site-wide)
[106][134][176]
1.
2.
3.
Figure 1:
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
/ No
OK OK
case
1.
2.
3.
Delete
airco2o
(T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...
(T ) = n +
n+1 n
Tn+1 Tn
(T Tn )
1 n N N
:
for Tmin,1 < T < Tmax,1 : (T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...

for Tmin, 2 < T < Tmax,2 : (T ) = B1 + B2T + B3T 2 + ...
f
Kelvin
Rankine Celsius Kelvin Kelvin
Fahrenheit Rankine Rankine
1.
2.
3.
1 density
Figure 1:
8
A_1
1, 2, 3,... 1 A_1,A_2, A_3,...
(T ) = 1000 0.02T
1. 1 Viscosity
Figure 1:
2.
3.
30
Figure 2: m (T)
1.
1 Viscosity
2.
Figure 1:
1
for 300 < T < 1000 :

c p (T ) = 429.929 + 1.874T 1.966 10 3 T 2 + 1.297 10 6 T 3 4.000 10 10 T 4
for 1000 < T < 5000 :
c p (T ) = 841.377 + 0.593T 2.415 10 4 T 2 + 4.523 10 8 T 3 3.153 10 12 T 4
3
3. Range = 1 8
4. 1, 2, 3,... 5 A_1,A_2, A_3,...

1
5.
Path/Fluent.Inc/fluent5.x/cortex/lib/propdb.scm Path
FLUENT x fluent5.0x 0
1. propdb.scm
2.
(air
fluid
(chemical-formula . #f)
(density (constant . 1.225)
(premixed-combustion 1.225 300))
(specific-heat (constant . 1006.43))
(thermal-conductivity (constant . 0.0242))
(viscosity (constant . 1.7894e-05)
(sutherland 1.7894e-05 273.11 110.56)
(power-law 1.7894e-05 273.11 0.666))
(molecular-weight (constant . 28.966))
)
(aluminum
(solid)
(chemical-formula . al)
(density (constant . 2719))
(specific-heat (constant . 871))
(thermal-conductivity (constant . 202.4))
(formation-entropy (constant . 164448.08))
)
FLUENT FLUENT
propdb.scm
propdb.scm
cortex/lib propdb.scm
FLUENT /
1
Define/Materials...
FLUENT

z
z
1.
2.
3.
4.
Boussinesq
z
Boussinesq
1
1.225 kg/m^3
Boussinesq
Boussinesq 1
Boussinesq
Boussinesq
(T ) = n +
n+1 n
Tn+1 Tn
(T Tn )

for Tmin, 2 < T < Tmax, 2 : (T ) = B1 + B2T + B3T 2 + ...
(T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...
FLUENT
pop
RT
R p_op
1. 1
2. Define/Operating
Conditions...
101325 Pa
3.
1
pop + p
RT
p FLUENT p_op
1. 1
2. Define/Operating
Conditions...
1
101325 Pa
3.
1

1.
z 1
volume-weighted-mixing-law
z 1
z 1
2. /
3. volume-weighted-mixing-law
FLUENT
1
m
i i
i
m_i'r_i' i'
pop + p
m
RT i i
M i
p FLUENT R m_i^'
i^'M_i^' i^'p_op
FLUENT
pop
RT i
mi
M i
R m_i^' i^'M_i^' i^'p_op
FLUENT
z
z /
z
z
1 Define/Materials...
FLUENT m kg/m-s lbm/ft-s
FLUENT n
1
1.7894 ?10^-5
kg/m-s
FLUENT 5
(T ) = n +
z
n+1 n
Tn+1 Tn
(T Tn )

for Tmin, 2 < T < Tmax, 2 : (T ) = B1 + B2T + B3T 2 + ...
z
(T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...

z Sutherland
z
(T_n , m_n) 1
Sutherland
sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland (1893) Sutherland
Sutherland
C1T 3 2
T + C2
kg/m-s KC_1 C_2

C_1 = 1.458 ?10^-6 kg/m-s-K^1/2C_2 = 110.4 K.
Sutherland
T
= 0
T0
32
T0 + S
T +S
m kg/m-sT Km_0 kg/m-s, T_0

KS K Sutherland
m_0 = 1.716?10^-5 kg/m-sT_0 = 273 KS = 111 K
Sutherland sutherland Sutherland
1.
2. C1 C2 m_0
T_0 S
Sutherland
= BT n
m kg/m-sT KB
B = 4.093?10^-7n = 2/3
T
= 0
T0
m kg/m-sT Km_0 kg/m-s

m_0 = 1.716?10^-5 kg/m-sT_0 = 273 Kn = 2/3
1.
2. B n m_0
T_0 n
= 2.67 10 6
MT

2
m kg/m-sT Kelvins W_m = W_m (T^*)
T* =
( k )
1
Lennard-Jones s e/k 1
1. mass-weighted-mixing-law
ideal-gas-mixing-law
2. /
3.
=
i
X i i
i X iij
1
1
2 M
i j 4
1 + M
j i
ij =
1
M 2
81 + i
M j
X_i^' i^'
= mi i
i
= S&
u u j
S& = i +
x j xi
m S(dot)
S(dot) h
=[(S&)]S&
FLUENT
z
z pseudo-plastics Carreau
[161]
TT0 & n1 &

n
&
= ke S = ke S S
T0
T
T0
= ke T S& n1
FLUENT
T0
min < = ke T S& n1 < max

knT_0h_min h_max K
n T_0 h_min h_max
h_max h_min
Figure 1 h_min h_max
Figure 1:
N
n=1
n>1
n<1
k n T_0 h_min
h_max
Carreau
TT0 & n1 &

&
&
= S S = ke S S
[ ( )]
S& 0, 0 S& , 0
Carreau (n < 1)
T0 2
= + ( 0 )1 + e T S&

( n 1) 2
nlT_00 L n
T_0 0 0
0
Figure 1: Carreau
Carreau carreau Carreau
l n T_00

FLUENT
z
z /
z
z
z /
1
Define/Materials...
W/m-K BTU/hr-ft-R
0.0242 W/m-K
FLUENT
z
k (T ) = k n +
z
k n+1 k n
(T Tn )
Tn+1 Tn
for Tmin,1 < T < Tmax,1 : k (T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...

for Tmin, 2 < T < Tmax,2 : k (T ) = B1 + B2T + B3T 2 + ...
z
k (T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...

T_nk_n A_i B_i 1
A_i
k=
15 R 4 c p M 1
+
4 M 15 R
3
R M m c_p
1. mass-weighted-mixing-law
ideal-gas-mixing-law ideal-gas-mixing-law
ideal-gas-mixing-law mass-weighted-mixing-law
2. /
3.
k =
i
X i k i
i X iij
1
1
2 M
i j 4
1 + M
j i
ij =
1
M 2
81 + i
M j
X_i^' i^'.
k = mi ki
i
FLUENT
qi = k ij
T
x j
(e(hat)_x,e(hat)_h,e(hat)_z)
(k_x,k_h,k_z)
k ij = k ei ej + k ei ej + k ei e j
Figure 1:
(e(hat)_x,e(hat)_h, e(hat)_z)
e(hat)_x 0 XYZ e(hat)_h 1 XYZ
0(k_x)(k_h) 2 (k_z)
(k_x,k_h)(e(hat)_x)
k ij = keij
k e(hat)_ij 2 2
3 3
Figure 1:
e(hat)_ij
K
FLUENT
z
z /
z
1 Cp Define/Materials...
J/kg-K BTU/lbm-R
1 Cp
1006.43 J/kg-K.
z
c p (T ) = c p n +
c p n+1 c p n
Tn+1 Tn
(T Tn )
for Tmin,1 < T < Tmax,1 :c p (T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...

for Tmin, 2 < T < Tmax,2 :c p (T ) = B1 + B2T + B3T 2 + ...
z
c p (T ) = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + ...

(T_n, c_p_n) A_i B_i 1
A_i
c p ,i =
1 R
( f i + 2 )
2 M i
f_i^' i^' 1
Cp
1. Cp mixing-law
2. /
3.
c p = mic p ,i
i
FLUENT 1
z P-1 (P-1 1 a
s_s)
z Rosseland (P-1
3 a s_s
z DTRMDTRM 1 a
z DO DO 1 a s_s
DO
3 n_a n_b DO
DO non-gray
1/length
CO_2 H_2O
FLUENT
a a FLUENT
variable-absorption-coefficient weighted-sum-of-gray-gases
(WSGGM) 1
wsggm-cell-basedwsggm-domain-based wsggm-user-specified WSGGM
wsggm
WSGGM Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gase
1 s beam
z
z
z
wsggm-cell-based characteristic-cell-size
wsggm-domain-baseda mean-beam-length
FLUENT
wsggm-user-specified mean-beam-length
WSGGM
wsggm-user-specified
DO DO DO
band
FLUENT
P-1 DO
WSGGM
1/length
DO Delta-Eddington
FLUENT
P-1 3 C
Delta-Eddington delta-eddington
Delta-Eddington
1 f C
3 F^* f

1 DO
Radiation...
a s_s Radiation
Fick
J i = Di,m
mi
xi
Di , j i^'
Di ,m
FLUENT FLUENT Di ,m
Di , j i^' j^' Di , j
Di ,m
Di,m =
1 X i
j, ji X j Dij
Di , j i^' j^' X i i^'

Di ,m Di , j
Fick 1
J i = Di,m + i
Sct
mi
xi
Sct Schmidt
Sct =
Dt
t
Dt
Di ,m Schmidt 3
m_t
Fick i^'
Di ,m
1
DN ,m
Di ,m
Di ,m DN ,m
i^' j^' Di , j
Di ,m
Di , j Di , j Fick 3
i^'
Di ,m Di , j Define/Materials...
m^2/s ft^2/s
1. constant-dilute-appx
2.
Di ,m
1. dilute-approx
2.
Figure 1:
3.
Di ,m
z
z
Di,m = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + K

4.
2 3 Di
1.
2.
Di , j i'
j i' j
Figure 1:
3.
Di , j
Di, j = A1 + A2T + A3T 2 + K

4.
2 3 Di Dj
1.
2. /
3. Lennard-Jones s_i^'(e/k)_i^'
Di, j
3 1
1
+
T
M i M ji
= 0.0188
pop i2, j D
W_D = W_D (T^*_D)p_op
TD* =
T
( k )ij
( k )ij = ( k )i ( k ) j
ij =
1
( i + j )
2
Di ,m Di , j
Schmidt Sc_t
Schmidt
3 Schmidt
Schmidt
0.7
Schmidt Schmidt
Define/Models/Viscous...
j^'
h^0_j^'
T
0
H = m j h j + c p , j dT
Tref , j
j
T_ref,j^' h_j^'^0 J/kgmol
BTU/lbmol
Arrhenius
j^'
c p, j
T
0
S = m j s j +
dT
Tref , j T
j
T_ref,j^' s_j^'^0 J/kgmol-K
BTU/lbmol-R
1 c
k/r c_p c[86]
1D
1
z
z
z
z
1
e/k Lennard-Jones FLUENT
3 s_i (e/k)_i
1. Cp
2.
z L-J
z L-J
z
Angstroms
[65]
M << 1 D p (1/2) c p M^2

p c D p/p M^2 M0
D p/p0
FLUENT
pabs = pop + p gauge

FLUENT
r = (p_op/R T)
FLUENT
101325 Pa.
101325 Pa
Figure 1:
Define/Operating Conditions...
FLUENT
(000)
XYZ
Define/Operating Conditions...

FLUENT
FLUENT FLUENT ,
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
FLUENT
PDF

(ui ) = S m
+
t xi
S_m
v
+ (u ) + (v ) = S m
t x
x
r
i [8]
(ui ) + (ui u j ) = p + ij + g i + Fi
t
x j
xi x j
p t_ij r g_i F_i i
F_i
u 2
ij = i + j l ij
x j xi 3 xl
(u ) + 1 (ruu ) + 1 (rvu ) = p + 1 r 2 u 2 ( vv )
r x
r r
t
x r x x 3
1 u v
r 2 + + Fx
r r r x
(v ) + 1 (ruv ) + 1 (rvv ) = p + 1 r v + u + 1 r 2 v 2 ( vv )
r x
r r
r r x x r r r x 3
t
w2
v 2
v
(
)
v
+
+ Fr
r
r2 3 r
v u v v
v =
+ +
x r r
w
FLUENT /
FLUENT
z
z
Figure 1:
FLUENT
(E ) + (ui (E + p )) = k eff T h j J j + u j ( ij )eff

t
xi
xi
xi
j
+ Sh
k_eff k + k_t, k_t

J_j^' j^'
S_h
E = h
ui2
2
h = m j h j
j
h = m j h j +
j
5 7 m_j^' j^'
h j = c p , j dT
Tref
T_ref 298.15 K.
PDF
PDF FLUENT
(H ) + (ui H ) = ki H + ik ui + S h
xi c p xi
xi
t
xi
Lewis 1
H
H = m j H j
j
m_j^' j^'
H j =
Tref , j
c p , j dT + h0j (Tref , j )
h 0j (Tref , j ) T_ref,j^' j^'
define/models/energy?
1 PDF 1
FLUENT
Brinkman Br
Br =
U e2
kT
D T
Br 1
FLUENT

1 PDF 1
xi
h
j
J j
PDF PDF
1
1 S_h
h0j
Tref
Sh, reaction =
c p , j dT R j
+
Tref , j
M
j
j
h^o_j^' j^'R_j^' j^'
PDF PDF
5 S_h .
1 PDF
1 S_h
S_h
FLUENT
(h ) + (ui h ) =
t
xi
xi
T
k
xi
+ q&
r =
h
= integral_T_ref^T c_p dT
k
=
T =
q(dot)^"' =
1
u_i 1
FLUENT
xi
T
k ij
xi
k_ij
FLUENT
define/models/energy?
FLUENT
/
1.
Define/Models ?Energy...
Figure 1:
2. ()
FLUENT
/ 1
Define/Models/Viscous...
3. Define/Boundary Conditions...
z
z
z
z
z
300 K
4. Define/Materials...
FLUENT
5000 K
1 K
5000 K
Solve/Controls/Limits...
Fluent
FLUENT
Solve/Controls/Solution...
PDF
FLUENT 1.0
0.8 1.0
1.0
PDF FLUENT
FLUENT 1.0
Define/Models/Species...
FLUENT
FLUENT
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Nusselt
Stanton
11
Report/Fluxes...
Report/Surface Integrals...
Q =
H V dA
h Report/Surface
Integrals...
Fluent
Grashof Reynolds
Gr
Re
gh
v2
Rayleigh
Ra = g TL 3
1
T
k
c p
Rayleigh 10^8 10^8 10^10
Boussinesq
Boussinesq
( 0 )g 0 (T T0 )g
r_0 T_0 b
Boussinesq r_0 (1 - b D T) r
.
Boussinesq
Boussinesq
Boussinesq
1.
2.
Define/Models/Energy...
Define/Operating Conditions
Figure 1:
FLUENT
3.
4. Boussinesq
z Boussinesq
1.
2.
Define/Materials...
z Boussinesq
1. Boussinesq 1 T_0
2. Boussines
3.
Boussinesq
Boussinesq

5.
3 FLUENT
p^'Define/Boundary Conditions...
6.
PRESTO!
Boussinesq r_0
( 0 )g
FLUET
ps = 0 gx + ps
ps
= g
x
ps
= ( 0 )g
x
FLUENT
p_s^'
p_s r_0 p_s p_s^'
bulk
Boussinesq
Rayleigh

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FLUENT

z Solver FLUENT solver

z explains how to create surfaces in the domain on

FLUENT FLUENT prePDF, PDF GAMBIT,

PreBFC GeoMesh FLUENT

GAMBIT Tgrid CAD

fluent env FLUENT

fluent gu Cortex fluent gr

-project x CPU -project xx

fluent version r version

-hcl FLUENT -ncl

FLUENT 4 FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT

60^?rhombus, 0.1 0.1m/s

Checking boundary types:

1.0 kg/m^3 2*10^-5 kg/m-s

Residual Plotting Solve/Monitors/Residual...

case fluent case

Figure 1: case data

Integer Number Entry

10, -10.538, 50000.45 5.e-4)

Mapped Color 256

/display> /file start-journal jrnl

set-ambient-colorset-ambient-color, s-a-c, sac, sa

lint lighting-interpolation li lights-on

filled grids? [no]

yes no Yes y no n yes/no

> (define fn "valve.ps")

> (define (unit-y x) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* x x))))

Scheme "_" () Scheme

UNIX FLUENT! (bang) UNIX

!ls !pwd UNIX FLUENT

(ti-menu-load-string "open-window 1 gr")

Windows NT UNIX FLUENT

Context-Sensitive Help Help/Context-Sensitive Help

Help Viewer Overview

Figure 1:Help Viewer

FLUENT Cortex ( FLUENT

fluent version -cx host:p1:p2

fluent -g -i inputfile >&outputfile&

GAMBIT, TGrid GeoMesh,

ANSYS, PATRAN, I-DEAS,

case, data, ray FLUENT

case, data, grid, PDF, ray

case Writing "| gzip -cfv > flow.cas.gz"...

GAMBIT, TGrid, GeoMesh, preBFC CAD

( wall-1, pressure-inlet-5, symmetry-2)

case data data

case .cas FLUENT

data .dat FLUENT

File/Read/Case & Data...dat .cas

FLUENT/UNS 4 RAMPANT4 Data

FIDAP 7 Neutral File/Import/FIDAP7...

transcripting File/Write/Start Transcript...

Write Profile (Figure 1)File/Write/Profile...

Figure 1:Write Profile

case Write Currently Defined

TIFF, PICT, PostScript

PICT Macintosh PICT

PostScript, EPS, PICT

PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), HPGL, PICT IRIS ,

Color Gray Scale

FLUENT AVSData ExplorerEnSight (

EnSight FIELDVIEW FLUENT

Export (Figure 1).