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77712

M.E. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2011 Computer Aided Design

ED 9250 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN DESIGN (Common to M.E. Engineering Design and M.E. Product Design and development) (Regulation 2009) Time : Three hours

Answer ALL questions PART A (10 2 = 20 marks) 1. 2. Distinguish between optimum design and robust design. What is the principle behind the elimination and interpolation techniques of optimization? Give an example each for equal and unequal constraints. State the geometric programming problem model and any one application. What are the situations in engineering design to be modeled as stochastic programming problem?

3. 4. 5.

7. 8. 9.

Consider the bicycle axle and indicate the types of load and loading points. Name any two machines where torsional loads may cause the failures. Define mechanism and inversion. What is meant by degree of freedom? Give examples.

10.

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6.

Name any two optimization scenarios which require fuzzy logic principles.

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Maximum : 100 marks

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PART B (5 6 = 80 marks) 11. (a) (i) (ii) Define optimization problem and its elements. (6)

Or (b) (i) (ii)

Classify optimization problems by various criteria.

2 2 Minimize the function f (x 1 , x 2 ) = x 1 x 2 + 2 x 1 starting + 2 x1 x 2 + x 2 from the point X 1 = (0, 0 ) along the direction S = (-1, 0). (10)

12.

(a)

Solve the following problem.

2 2 Minimize f (X ) = x 1 + 2x2 2 x 1 x 2 14 x 1 14 x 2 + 10 2 2 subject to 4 x 1 + x2 25 0 .

Or (b) (i) (ii) 13. (a) (i) (ii) Write short notes on penalty function method. (6) What shape should a rectangular box with a specific volume (in three dimensions) be in order to minimize its surface area? (10) What is meant by multi stage optimization? How is it different from multi-objective optimization? Explain the working principle of simulated annealing with a neat flow chart. (10) Or (6)

(b)

In a two-stage compressor, the working gas leaving the first stage of compression is cooled (by passing it through a heat exchanger) before it enters the second stage of compression to increase the efficiency. The total work input to a compressor (W) for an ideal gas, for isentropic compression, is given by
p 2 W = c p T 1 p 1
(k 1 )k

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where cp is the specific heat of the gas at constant pressure, k is the ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to that at constant volume of the gas, and T1 is the temperature at which the gas enters the compressor. Propose genetic algorithm to find the pressure, p2, at which intercooling should be done to minimize the work input to the compressor. Demonstrate all the operations. In case, particle swarm optimization is to be used for the same problem and then highlight the deviations. (16)

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p3 + p 2
(k 1 )/ k

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(6) (10)

With the help of a simple problem, demonstrate the principle of golden section method. Highlight its computational efficiency and merits over other methods.

(10)

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14.

(a)

(i) (ii)

During the design of structural members, safety is more important than optimization. Comment. State the relation for efficiency of a screw jack and identify the contributing factors. Also find the optimal value of each factor.(10) Or

(6)

15.

(a)

(i) (ii)

Write about vibration absorbers and the need of optimization in their design. (6) Discuss on optimization of design of automobile suspension system. (10) Or

(b)

Consider the slider crank mechanism and explain its design methodology. Identify the parameters to be optimized and propose the techniques to solve the problem.

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(16)

(b)

Figure below shows two frictionless rigid bodies (carts) A and B connected by three linear elastic springs having spring constants k 1 , k 2 and k 3 . The springs are at their natural positions when the applied force P is zero. Find the optimal solution of displacements x 1 and x 2 under the force P by using the principle of minimum potential energy. (16)

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