Profibus

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Jump to: navigation, search PROFIBUS Protocol Information Type of Device Bus, Process Control Network Physical Me ia T isted pair, fi!er Network Bus Topolo!y "e#ice D"P # itch or hard are$soft are $ ressin! %o#ernin! P%&F"B'#(P%&F")*T Bo y "nternational +P", &ebsite -profi!us-com PROFIBUS +Process Field Bus, is a standard for field !us communication in automation technology and as first promoted +./0/, !y B1BF +german department of education and research,- "t should not !e confused ith the P%&F")*T standard for industrial *thernet-

'ontents
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. &rigin 4 'se 5 Technology o 5-. 6pplication layer o 5-4 #ecurity layer o 5-5 Bit7transmission layer 8 #tandardi9ation : &rgani9ation ; %eferences < *=ternal links

(e it) Ori!in
The history of P%&F"B'# goes !ack to a pu!licly promoted plan for an association started in >ermany in ./0< and for hich 4. companies and institutes devised a master pro?ect plan called @field !us@- The goal as to implement and spread the use of a !it7 serial field !us !ased on the !asic reAuirements of the field device interfaces- For this

purpose, respective mem!er companies agreed to support a common technical concept for production and process automation- First, the comple= communication protocol P%&F"B'# F1# +Field !us 1essage #pecification,, hich as tailored for demanding communication tasks, as specified- #u!seAuently in .//5, the specification for the simpler and thus considera!ly faster protocol P%&F"B'# DP +Decentrali9ed Peripherals, as completed- "t replaced F1#-

(e it) Use
There are t o variations of P%&F"B'#, here!y DP is used most often:

PROFIBUS "P +Decentrali9ed Peripherals, is used to operate sensors and actuators via a centrali9ed controller in production technology- The many standard diagnostic options, in particular, are focused on here- &ther areas of use include the connection of @distri!uted intelligence@, i-e- the net orking of multiple controllers to one another +similar to P%&F"B'# F1#,- Data rates up to .4 1!it$s on t isted pair ca!les and$or fi!er optics are possi!lePROFIBUS P$ +Process 6utomation, is used to monitor measuring eAuipment via a process control system in process engineering- This P%&F"B'# variant is ideal for e=plosion7ha9ardous areas +*=79one B and .,- Cere, a eak current flo s through !us lines in an intrinsically safe circuit so that e=plosive sparks are not created, even if a malfunction occurs- The disadvantage of this variant is the slo er data transmission rate of 5.-4: k!it$s-

P%&F"B'# is the only field !us that can !e used in eAual measure in production automation and process automation and has since !ecome a glo!al market leaderWorld ide, over 4B million P%&F"B'# devices are in use +as of 4BB<,-

(e it) Technolo!y
PROFIBUS Protocol *OSI reference mo el+ OSI,-ayer PROFIBUS < 6pplication DPDB DPD. DPD4 ; Presentation : #ession 77 8 Transport 1anagement 5 )et ork 4 Data Eink FDE . Physical *"6780: &ptical 1BP

(e it) $pplication layer

To utili9e these functions, various service levels of the DP protocol ere defined:

DP7DB for cyclic e=change of data and diagnosis DP7D. for acyclic and cyclic data e=change and alarm handling DP7D4 for isochronous mode and data e=change !roadcast +slave7to7slave communication,

(e it) Security layer

The security layer F"- +Field !us Data Eink, orks ith a hy!rid access method that com!ines token passing ith a master7slave method- "n a P%&F"B'# DP net ork, the controllers or process control systems are the masters and the sensors and actuators are the slavesDarious telegram types are used- They can !e differentiated !y their start delimiter +#D,: )o data: #D. F B=.B #D. D6 #6 FC FC# *D Daria!le length data: #D4 F B=;0 #D4 E* E*r #D4 D6 #6 FC PD' FC# *D Fi=ed length data: #D5 F B=64 #D5 D6 #6 FC PD' FC# *D Token: #D8 F B=DC #D8 D6 #6 Brief ackno ledgement:

#C F B=*: #C

#D: #tart Delimiter E*: Eength of protocol data unit, +incl- D6,#6,FC,D#6P,##6P, E*r: %epetition of protocol data unit, +Camming7Distan9 F8 G, FC: Function Code D6: Destination 6ddress #6: #ource 6ddress D#6P: Destination #ervice 6ccess Point ##6P: #ource #ervice 6ccess Point PD': Protocol Data 'nit +protocol data, FC#: Frame Checking #eAuence *D: *nd Delimiter +F B=.; G, The FC# is calculated !y simply adding up the !ytes ithin the specified length- 6n overflo is ignored here- *ach !yte is saved ith an even parity and transferred asynchronously ith a start and stop !it- There may not !e a pause !et een a stop !it and the follo ing start !it hen the !ytes of a telegram are transmitted- The master signals the start of a ne telegram ith a #H) pause of at least 55 !its +logical @.@ F !us idle,-

(e it) Bit,transmission layer

Three different methods are specified for the !it7transmission layer:

With electrical transmission pursuant to *"6780:, t isted pair ca!les ith a ave impedances of .:B ohms are used in a !us topology- Bit rates from /;BB !it$s to .4 1!it$s can !e used- The ca!le length !et een t o repeaters is limited to .BB to .,4BB m, depending on the !it rate used- This transmission method is primarily used ith P%&F"B'# DP-

With optical transmission via fi!er optics, star7, !us7 and ring7topologies are usedThe distance !et een the repeaters can !e up to .: km- The ring topology can also !e e=ecuted redundantlyWith 1BP +1anchester Bus Po ered, transmission technology, data and field !us po er are fed through the same ca!le- The po er can !e reduced in such a ay that use in e=plosion7ha9ardous environments is possi!le- The !us topology can !e up to .,/BB m long and permits !ranching to field devices +ma=- ;B m !ranches,- The !it rate here is a fi=ed 5.-4: k!it$s- This technology as specially esta!lished for use in process automation for P%&F"B'# P6-

For data transfer via sliding contacts for mo!ile devices or optical or radio data transmission in open spaces, products from various manufacturers can !e o!tained, ho ever they do not conform to any standard-

(e it) Stan ar i.ation

P%&F"B'# as defined in .//.$.//5 in D") ./48:, as then included in *) :B.<B in .//; and, since .///, esta!lished in "*C ;..:0$"*C ;.<08-

(e it) Or!ani.ation
The P%&F"B'# )ut9erorganisation e-D- +P%&F"B'# 'ser &rgani9ation, +P)&, as created in ./0/- This group is comprised of manufacturers and users from >ermany- "n .//4, the first regional P%&F"B'# organi9ation as founded +P%&F"B'# #ch ei9 in # it9erland,- "n the follo ing years, additional %P6s +%egional P%&F"B'# ( P%&F")*T 6ssociations, ere added- Today, P%&F"B'# is represented !y 4: %P6s around the orld- "n .//:, all the %P6s ?oined together into the international um!rella association P%&F"B'# ( P%&F")*T "nternational +P",-

PROFIBUS

Created in ./0/ !y a consortium of companies and institutions, P%&F"B'# has !ecome the orldIs most popular field!us in discrete manufacturing and process control- "t is mature, proven technology that is ideal for supporting modern automation systems- With over 4B million installed devices, it is a significant driving force for the orldIs production plants- By continuously enhancing the technology, P%&F"B'# "nternational has ensured that P%&F"B'# remains the dominant field!us solution- The ongoing commitment of the orldIs automation ma?or suppliers ensures that investments today are fully protected for the lifetime of any plant- P%&F"B'# is uniAue in offering a fully integrated solution for discrete and process applications, a ma?or !enefit in the process industries here upstream, mainstream and do nstream processes have to ork together"ndustries using P%&F"B'# range from critical petrochemical operations and high volume ro!otic manufacturing plants, right across the spectrum to food and drink, ater$ aste treatment plants-