DR.

RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

A project report on LOK ADALAT

(Comp ete! "# t$e p"rt%" &' &% ment () *.A., LL.*. +n! )e"r #t'!ent,

Submitted to: A.P. Singh Sir Khan(37) Faculty of Jurispru ence (7')

Submitted by:Parvez Alam Su hir !ha"a %arun &athi (.A.) **.(. (+ons.)
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(#$)

$th semester TABLE OF CONTENTS

,A(*- .F /AS-S0000000000000000000000...0ii *1S, .F A((&1-%1A,1.2S000000000000000000......iii 12,&.!3/,1.200000000000000000000000....4 4.4 !efinition of *o" A alat000000000000000000.04 4.5 Pro6lems face 6y /ourts000000000000000000....4 4.3 &esearch 7etho ology0000000000000000000....5 4.$ &esearch Plan00000000000000000000000...5 a. Aims an .68ectives0000000000000000000..05 6. Scope an *imitations000000000000000000...0.5 5. ,he +istory of A alats0000000000000000000000.3 5.4 7ofussil !i9ani A alat0000000000000000000....3 5.5 Small /ause A alat00000000000000000000..0.3 5.3 7ofussil Foz ari A alat0000000000000000.00..0$ 5.$ Sa ar A alat000000000000000000000.00.....$ 3. ,he (irth of A alats00000000000000000000.0.0..: 3.4 *egal Services Authorities Act000000000000000.00: $. &ole of Alternative !ispute &esolution000000000000.000.; :. A Step For9ar < Scope of A alats 9i ene 0000000000.000..= :.4 Amen ment (ill00000000000000000000..00...= #. *o" A alats< (rea"ing &ecor s0000000000000000..4' 7. /ases eci e 6y A alats00000000000000000000...44< 45 ;. /.2/*3S1.2S 000000000.00000000000000..43 (1(*1.>&AP+?000000000000000000000000....iv

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TABLE OF CASES
4. A6 ul +asan an 2ational *egal Services Authority v. !elhi %i yut (oar 000000000000000000000000000.# 5. Joti Sharma v. &a8in er Kumar00000000000000000000...........................44 3. Alapati %ive"anan a v. Karur %ysya (an" *t 000000000000000000000000000044 $. Pramo v. Jag6ir Singh000000000000000000000000000.45 :. Kamal 7ehta v. >eneral 7anager) &a8asthan &oa 9ays ,ransport /orporation0...............................................................................................45 #. Asho" Kumar >oyal v. Anita >oyal00000000000000000000000000045 7. 2e" &am v. Solay &am000000000000000000000000000..45 ;. Si"an er Singh v. +ar8itpal Singh000000000000000000000000000.43

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TA*LE O- A**RIEVIATIONS

A!7& A1& !%( 72,* 2*SA 21-1 .!& Aug. v.

Alternative !ispute 7etho &esolution All 1n ia &eporters !elhi %i yut (oar 7ahanagar ,elephone 2igam *imite ,he 2ational *egal Services Authority ,he 2ational 1nternet -@change of 1n ia .nline !ispute &esolution August versus

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1. LOK ADALATS:
... De&%n%t%on o& Lo/ A!" "t0 *o" A alat means peopleAs court in contrast to the regular la9 courts esta6lishe 6y the government. ,he formulation of *o" A alats first too" place in the year 4=;5. 1n a country li"e 1n ia) 9here millions of people co<e@ist together) provision of relief 6ecomes important. !espite the fact that the 8u icial system in 1n ia is 9ell organise 9ith high level of integrity) the la9 courts are confronte 9ith pro6lems. ..+ 1ro( em# &"ce! () Co'rt#0 ,he follo9ing are the pro6lems face 6y courts in the present eraB (4) ,he num6er of courts an 8u ges availa6le in all gra es are greatly ina eCuate) (5) 1ncrease in flo9 of cases in recent years ue to multifarious Acts enacte 6y the /entral an State >overnment s) (3) ,he high /ost involve in prosecuting or efen ing a case in a court of la9) ue to heavy court fee) la9yerDs fee an inci ental charges an ($) !elay in isposal of cases resulting in huge pen ency in all the courts. 1t 9as ifficult for the /ourts to cope up 9ith the ever<increasing cases 9ith the given infrastructure an manpo9er. 1t is common "no9le ge that /ourts are clogge 9ith cases. *o" A alats 9ere forme in or er to re uce the 6ac"log of the cases an also provi e relief to litigants 9ho 9ere in a Cueue to get 8ustice. ,he concept of Alternative !ispute &esolution has receive much significance in the recent times. ,his is 6eing use in or er to re uce 9astage of court<time an also to transfer the 6ur en of the courts. ,his is 9here *o" A alats play a "ey role. *o" A alats have sho9n their significance Acci ent /laim 6y settling huge num6er of ,hir Party claims. *o" A alats have 8uris iction over all matters e@cept matters relating to offences) 9hich are not compoun a6le. ,hese 9ere first intro uce in the state of >u8arat in 1n ia in 7arch 4=;5.4
4

S. Aruna8atesan an S. Su6ramanian) E*o" A alat for spee y 8usticeF) ,+- +12!3) +y era6a ) ,ues ay) !ecem6er 4;)5''4)p.3

..2 RESEARCH METHODOLO3Y0 ,he main aspect ealt 9ith herein is the significance of *o" A alats in the 1n ian society. An attempt has 6een ma e to stu y the role of A alats in the 8u icial system prior to the 1n ian in epen ence. -mphasis has also 6een place on the provisions of the Act) 9hich provi es for *o" A alats. For the purpose of research the scholar has use from &7*2*3) li6rary an 9ith the help of the other glo6al source of "no9le ge) 9hich is the 1nternet. secon ary sources. ,he main sources of information have 6een the 6oo"s

..4 RESEARCH 1LAN0 ". Aims and Objectives: ,hrough this pro8ect the researcher aims to provi e a etaile overvie9 of the role playe 6y *o" A alats an their importance in the present scenario. ,he researcher has scrutinize the mentione topic an given a 6rief stu y on the same. ,he researcher has mentione the important aspects governing the given topic an su6stantiating its relevance 9ith the help of cases. (. Scope and Limitations: Githin the scope of this pro8ect the researcher 9ill iscuss the topic along 9ith other important cases on the same. ,he cases mentione herein are those consi ere to 6e of greater importance than the other numerous cases) 9hich are availa6le 9ith reference to the topic. ,he core area of emphasis has 6een) the efinition an functions of *o" A alats. ,he historical aspects have 6een 6riefly ealt 9ith. .ne part has 6een allotte to the tracing of the origin an 6irth of the A alats. All aspect concerne 9ith the e@istence of *o" A alats have 6een 6riefly analyse an put forth for the rea er.

2. THE HISTORICAL PAST OF ADALATS !DICIAL S"STE# IN 1$$2

,he e@istence of an effective 8u icial system is not a recent phenomenon 6ut is a systematic evolution of the 8u iciary 9ith collective effort 6y a large num6er of people through generations. ,he truth is that the tra itions of the past have ma e the mo ern legal system 9hat it is) an still live on in it. *et us loo" at the 8u icial system prior to the 1n ian in epen ence that pave 9ay for the present system of functioning. ,ill the first half of 4;th /entury) the /ompany hel un er its s9ay the three

Presi ency ,o9ns of /alcutta) 7a ras an (om6ay lea ing to the creation of a 8u icial system 6y the ,o9ns. ,he territories surroun ing the ,o9ns 9ere 6rought un er its control an came to 6e "no9n as EmofussilF. 3n er Garren +astingsAs plan of 4775) the 8u icial system 9as ivi e as follo9s. +.. Mo&'##% D%5"n% A!" "t0 ,his type of court 9as esta6lishe in each istrict 9ith collector as a 8u ge .1t 9as authorise to eci e all civil causes such as isputes relating to real an personal property) inheritance) marriage) caste) e6ts an contracts. 1t 9as eci e that in all suits regar ing inheritance) marriage) caste an institutions) ,he la9s of the Koran 9ith respect to 7ohamme ans) an those of the Shastra 9ith respect to +in us 9oul 6e applie . ,o ma"e the system 9or"a6le an to ena6le the 8u ges to eci e cases 6ase on 1n ian la9) native la9 officers) "azis) an pun its 9ere appointe to e@poun respectively the 7uslim an the +in u la9s. ,he ecisions of the A alat in cases up to &s. :'' 9ere final. +.+ Sm" C"'#e A!" "t#0 other religious usages an

1n or er to facilitate isposal of small cases) provision 9as ma e for isputes up to &s. 4' to 6e eci e finally 6y the hea farmer of the pergunnah 9here the ispute arose. People having petty cases 9ere save of much time an e@pense ue to this metho of case isposal. +.2 Mo&'##% -o6!"r% A!" "t0 ,his court 9as esta6lishe in each istrict to settle all types of criminal cases. ,he A alat consiste of the 7uslim la9 officers) "azi) mufti an moulvis. ,he collector ha supervision over these courts. 1t coul not etermine cases etermine cases involving sentences of eath or forfeiture of property of the accuse H procee ings of such cases ha to 6e su6mitte to the Sa ar 2izamat A alat for final or ers. +.4 S"!"r A!" "tB ,he Sa ar !i9ani A alats an the Sa ar 2izamat A alat 9ere esta6lishe a6ove the 7ofussil A alats. ,he Sa ar !i9ani A alat consiste of the >overnor an mem6ers of the /ouncil an 9as to hear appeals from the 7ofussil !i9ani A alats in cases of over &s.:''. 1n the early stages) these courts playe an important role in setting up a foun ation for a 8u icial system. (ut ho9ever they 9ere not a6le to meet the stan ar s reCuire for the society an ha certain eficiencies. As a result there 9as eterioration of the system.5

7.P. Jain) E.utlines of 1n ian *egal +istoryF) :th e . 5''3) 4st rep. 5''3)pp.::<#5.

2. THE *IRTH O- LOK ADALATS

Parliament enacte the *egal Services Authorities Act 4=;7) an one of the aims for the enactment of this Act 9as to organize *o" A alat in or er to secure the promotion of 8ustice on the 6asis of eCual opportunity. ,he Act gives statutory recognition to the resolution of isputes 6y compromise an settlement 6y the *o" A alats. ,he concept has 6een gathere from the system of Panchayats) 9hich has its roots in the history) an culture of 1n ia. 1t has a native flavour "no9n to the people. ,he provisions of the Act 6ase on in igenous concept are meant to supplement the /ourt system. ,hey 9ill go a long 9ay in resolving the isputes at almost no cost to the litigants an 9ith minimum elay. At the same time) the Act is not meant to replace an supplants the /ourt system. ,he Act is a legislative attempt to econgest the /ourts from heavy 6ur en of cases. ,here is a nee for ecentralization of 8ustice. ,his form of ispute resolution 9as ma e availa6le for settlement of 7otor ,hir Party claims un er the initiative of former /hief Justice of 1n ia) Shri P.2.(hag9ati) since then num6ers of *o" A alats have 6een organize throughout the /ountry through to the satisfaction of the claimants.3 2.. Le7" Ser8%ce# A't$or%t%e# ActB Accor ing to *egal Services Authorities (Amen ment) Act 4==$ effective from '=< 44<4==: has since 6een passe ) *o" A alat settlement is no longer a voluntary concept. (y this Act *o" A alat has got statutory character an has 6een legally recognize . /ertain salient features of the Act are enumerate 6elo9B Section 4=B
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Kumar &avish) Significance of *o" A alat)

httpBII999.legalservicein ia.comIarticlesIarticleJ4e.htm)(Aug. #) 5''7)

4. /entral) State) !istrict an ,alu"a legal Services Authority has 6een create 9ho are responsi6le for organizing *o" A alats at such intervals an place. 5. /onciliators for *o" A alat comprise the follo9ingB < a) A sitting or retire 8u icial officer. 6) .ther persons of repute as may 6e prescri6e 6y the State >overnment. Sect%on +90 &eference of /ases /ases can 6e referre for consi eration of *o" A alat as un erB 4. (y consent of 6oth the parties to the isputes. 5. .ne of the parties ma"es an application for reference. 3. Ghere the /ourt is satisfie that the matter is an appropriate one to 6e ta"en cognisance of 6y the *o" A alat. $. /ompromise settlements shall 6e gui e 6y the principles of 8ustice) eCuity) fairplay an other legal principles. :. Ghere no compromise has 6een arrive at through conciliation) the matter shall 6e returne to the concerne court for isposal in accor ance 9ith *a9. Sect%on +.B after the agreement is arrive 6y the consent of the partiesH the conciliators pass a9ar . ,he matter nee not 6e referre to the concerne /ourt for consent ecree. ,he Act provisions envisages as un erB 4 every a9ar of *o" A alat shall 6e eeme as ecree of /ivil /ourt. 5 -very a9ar ma e 6y the *o" A alat shall 6e final an 6in ing on all the parties to the ispute. 3 2o appeal shall lie from the a9ar of the *o" A alat. Sect%on ++ B -very procee ings of the *o" A alat shall 6e eeme to 6e 8u icial procee ings for the purpose of 4 Summoning of Gitnesses. 5 !iscovery of ocuments.

3 &eception of evi ences. $ &eCuisitioning of Pu6lic recor .$ 1t is emphasize that the legal system shoul 6e a6le to eliver 8ustice e@pe itiously on the 6asis of eCual opportunity an provi e free legal ai to secure that opportunities for securing 8ustice are not enie to any citizens 6y reasons of economic or other isa6ilities. +onoura6le !elhi +igh /ourt has given a lan mar" ecision highlighting the significance of *o" A alat movement. 1t has far reaching ramifications. Abdu% H&'&( &(d N&tio(&% Le)&% Se*+i,e' Aut-o*ity +. De%-i .idyut Bo&*d / is a case in Cuestion. ,he facts of the case are that the petitioner file a 9rit petition 6efore !elhi +igh /ourt for restoration of electricity at his premises) 9hich 9as isconnecte 6y the !elhi %i yut (oar (!%() on account of non<payment of (ill. 1nteralia) the grievances of the citizens 9ere not only confine to the !%( 6ut also irecte against the State agencies li"e) 7unicipal /orporation) 7,2* an other 6o ies) /ourt notices 9ere irecte to 6e issue to the !elhi State *egal Service Authority. Ju gment +el < +is lor ship +onoura6le 7r. Justice Anil !ev Singh passe the or er giving irections for setting up of permanent *o" A alats. 1t shoul steer the conscience of all) as there is an increasing nee to ma"e *o" A alat movement a permanent feature.

httpBIIla9min.nic.inIlaIsu6or Inalsa.htm) (Aug.7) 5''7)

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4. ROLE O- ALTERNATIVE DIS1UTE RESOLUTION LOK ADALATS IN INDIA0

1n a vast country li"e 1n ia) isputes an conflicts issipate valua6le time) effort an money of the society. ,o esta6lish a 9elfare society it is of utmost in the 6u . ,here is a lacuna importance that there shoul not 6e any conflict. 1t is therefore imperative that any conflict) 9hich raises its hea ) is nippe 6et9een the filing of cases an their isposal. An ) till the time the final ecision comes) there is a state of uncertainty. -very6o y 9oul agree that peace is the sine Cua non for evelopment.

,o get out of this maze of litigation) alternative metho s of ispute resolution is consi ere the 6est. 1n ia has a long tra ition an history of such metho s 6eing practice in the society at grass roots level. ,hese are calle Panchayats an in the legal terminology) these are calle ar6itration. ,hese are 9i ely use in 1n ia for resolution of isputes K 6oth commercial an non<commercial. ,he other alternative metho 6eing use is *o" A alat 9here 8ustice is ispense summarily 9ithout too much emphasis on legal technicalities. 7etho s li"e negotiation) me iation an conciliation are 6eing increasingly use to resolve isputes.

,he /onstitution of 1n ia guarantees L&ight to /onstitutional &eme iesA as a fun amental right. ,he government provi es free legal ai to the nee y. Gith a population of more than a 6illion it is impossi6le to provi e free trial to the society. ,he 2ational *egal Services Authority (2A*SA) is trying to sprea Llegal literacyA. -fforts are also 6eing one at provincial level. +o9 can these 6e replicate in other parts of 1n ia an similar mo els evelope an a opte in Asia<Pacific countries are an area to 6e researche . Such mo els shall cur6

conflicts an 6ring more peace in society K not only in omestically 6ut also internationally. #

:. A STE1 -ORWARD ; SCO1E O- LOK ADALATS WIDENED0

,he 3nion /a6inet in the year 5''4 too" a step for9ar an eci e to e@pan the

scope of the *o" A alat system to provi e for compulsory pre<litigative mechanism for conciliation an settlement of cases relating to pu6lic utility services) e@clu ing the &ail9ays an the 6an"ing sector. *o" A alats ha the po9er to settle isputes only on the 6asis of a compromise or settlement 6et9een the conten ing parties. 1f a settlement is not arrive at then the case is either returne to the court of la9 or the parties are a vise to see" reme y in a court of la9. 3n er the ne9 scheme) the *o" A alats 9oul ) try to 6ring a6out a conciliation 6et9een the parties. 1n case of ina6ility to o so) the *o" A alats 9oul procee to ispose of the matter on merit if it is not relate to an offence. ,he 8uris iction of the *o" A alats 9oul ) ho9ever) 6e limite to cases up to a monetary value of &s. 4' la"hs. :.. Amen!ment *% 0 A 6ill has 6een intro uce in the Parliament to 6ring a6out the far<reaching change. ,he (ill 9oul amen the *egal Services Authorities Act) 4=;7) un er 9hich the *o" A alats ha 6een set up. ,he *o" A alat 9oul consist of a chairperson having 8u icial e@perience an t9o others having a eCuate e@perience in the function of pu6lic utilities. After a party 6efore the *o" A alat for settlement files an application) no party shall invo"e the 8uris iction of any court or tri6unal. ,he a9ar s ma e 6y them 9oul 6e final an 6in ing an shall not 6e Cuestione in any original suit) application of e@ecution procee ing. An a9ar shall 6e eeme to 6e a ecree of civil court.7

K.Anurag Agar9al ) E&ole of Alternative !ispute &esolution 7etho s in !evelopment of SocietyB M*o" A alat A in 1n iaF) httpBIIi eas.repec.orgIpIiimIiima9pIhtm (Aug. 4') 5''7)

httpBII999.hin uonnet.comIthehin uI5''5I'4I'=IstoriesI5''5'4'='4$;43''.htm Aug. ;) 5''7.

<. LOK ADALATS ; *REAKIN3 RECORDS0

*o" A alats prove their importance 9hen a total of 3):7: cases) inclu ing civil

an criminal cases) 9ere ispose of in a ay at the *o" A alat in !eva"ottai in ,amil 2a u. 7ost of the cases that came up for hearing 9ere ispose of. Supreme /ourt Ju ge A.&. *a"shmanan) 9ho ha inaugurate the *o" A alat) sai 8u ges 9ere trying their 6est to ispose of the cases as early as possi6le) 6ut more an more cases 9ere coming up. ,his sho9e that the people ha eep faith in the functioning of courts) he sai . ,he 5)5#3 *o" A alats hel in +aryana so far ha 6een a6le to ispose of as many as :)3=);5# pen ing cases) provi ing compensation of a6out &s 4=: crore to affecte victims of the over 57)''' roa acci ent cases. ,he >u8arat State *egal Services Authority is in the forefront) in the 9hole of 1n ia) on roa map of legal services an *o" A alat an through this in igenous an hy6ri mechanism an metho ) only in the last three years) more than 44)$4)='= cases out of 45):')54$ cases ealt 9ith of ifferent types have 6een amica6ly settle to the satisfaction of parties only in >u8arat.; ,his is a clear proof of the capacity of the present ay *o" A alats an also that they are no9 6ecoming an in ispensa6le part of the legal system.

httpBII"elsa.gov.inIlo"a alat.htmNAO5'roun Aug. ;) 5''7.

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7. CASES DECIDED *Y LOK ADALATS0

%arious types of isputes are settle 6y *o" A alats.,hese inclu e motor vehicle acci ent cases 9here the in8ure or the epen ents of the person ie in the acci ent have applie for compensation) lan acCuisition cases 9here the applications have 6een ma e to government claiming compensation) cases for or against local 6o ies such as ,o9n 7unicipality) Panchayats) -lectricity (oar an the li"e) cases involving commercial 6an"s) matrimonial or maintenance cases) criminal cases 9hich are compoun a6le as per la9 an also cases pen ing in the lo9er court.= ,he *o" A alat eals 9ith many matrimonial cases as state a6ove. 1n the case of =ot% S$"rm" v. R"j%n!er K'm"r.9, ,he marriage 6et9een the petitioner an first respon ent 9ere solemnize in 4==: an t9o chil ren 9ere 6orn to them in Fe6ruary 5'''. An application 9as file 6y the respon ent for issolution of marriage un er Section 43 of +in u 7arriages Act) 9hich 9as conteste 6y parties till 54st January 5''$ 9hen they file a 8oint application un er Section 4: of the Act for ivorce 6y mutual consent. ,he trial 8u ge referre the matter to the *o" A alat. ,he *o" A alat a9ar e a ivorce ecree 9hile allo9ing custo y of chil ren to remain 9ith respon ent<father. An appeal 9as ma e to the higher court. 1n the case of A "p"t% V%8e/"n"n!" v. K"r'r V)#)" *"n/ Lt!... the petitioners ha o6taine a loan from the Karur %ysya (an" *imite 9ho 9ere the respon ents. At the pre<litigation stage) the ispute 9as raise 6efore the *o" A alat. ,he *o" A alat issue notices an so the petitioners appeare 6efore the *o" A alat an agree to pay an amount of &s. 4)35)'==I< on or 6efore 34<'4<.5''3 to the (an" an in case of efault) the (an" 9as entitle for a ecree for &s. 4.35)'==I<. A revision 9as file . 1t 9as argue that the *o" A alat i not have the 8uris iction to han le the case 6ut ho9ever the /ourt eci e in favour of the *o" A alat.
=

httpBII999.hslsa.nic.inIpro8ect.htm Aug.7)5''7
A1& 5''7 JPK 3:

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1n the case of 1r"mo! v. ="7(%r S%n7$.+ the Cuestion 9as of o68ection against the or erIre9ar of the *o" A alat constitute un er the *egal Services Authorities act) 4=;7.1t 9as as to 9hether an o68ection petition against the or er of *o" A alat is entertaina6le 6y this /ourt 6y invo"ing the po9er un er Section 4:4 of the /o e of /ivil Proce ure. ,he *o" A alats are constitute the act). ,he /onstitution) Scope an in pursuant to the provisions containe un er the *egal Services Authorities Act) 4=;7 (hereinafter referre to as Juris iction of the *o" A alat has 6een prescri6e un er Sections 4=) 5') 54 an 55 of the Act. 1t 9as hel that every +igh /ourt shall have the po9er of superinten ence over the *o" A alat an therefore the +igh court may entertain appropriate petition un er Article 557 of the /onstitution of 1n ia against the a9ar 9hich has 6een ma e 6y the *o" A alat allege ly not tainte 9ith D/ompromise or SettlementD. 1n another case) namely K"m" Me$t" v. 3ener" M"n"7er, R"j"#t$"n Ro"!5")# Tr"n#port Corpor"t%on, the /orporation file o68ections that the a9ar of the *o" A alat 6e set asi e an the matter 6e returne to the +igh /ourt for a 8u ication. ,he !ivision (ench of this /ourt 9hile consi ering the provisions of the Act an the o68ections file against the a9ar ma e 6y the *o" A alat has come to the conclusion that the proce ure for entertaining o68ections against the a9ar of the *o" A alat is un"no9n to the procee ings envisage un er the Act. 1t has also 6een hel that such an a9ar if it oes not spell out a compromise as settlement) 9oul clearly violate the principle of the finality of an a9ar of a *o" A alat as envisage un er Section 54 of the Act. As a result) it cannot 6e treate li"e a ecree) it 9oul amount to transgression of the po9ers of the /ourt. 1n the case of A#$o/ K'm"r 3o)" v. An%t" 3o)" .2) the petition 9as file in the A alat 6ut since a compromise coul not 6e reache at 6et9een the t9o parties) the matter 9as sent 6ac" to the +igh /ourt for its ecision on merits. 1n the case of Ne/ R"m v. So ") R"m.4, a revision petition 9as irecte against the ecree passe 6y the *o" A alat. (y means of this ecree) suit of the plaintiff ha 6een ecree
45 43

(5''3) 433 P*& 3#: 1 (5''4) !7/ ::3 4$ 7A23IJKI'':3I5''4

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against the petitioner for permanent prohi6hitory in8unction restraining them from interfering 9ith the plaintiffAs possession of lan . ,he revision 9as allo9e an the ecree of the *o" A alat 9as "ept asi e. Another case 9hich 9as eci e 6y a *o" A alat 9as that of S%/"n!er S%n7$ v. H"rj%t 1" S%n7$4: the suit for specific performance ha 6een file A alat money ecree for a sum of &s. 4)'')'''I< 9as passe an in the *o" an accor ing to the

terms agree ) the ecretal amount 9as to 6e pai in instalments. 1t 9as agree that the amount shoul 6ecome recovera6le 6y the sale of house in Cuestion. +o9ever) that ecree remaine unsatisfie an then e@ecution procee ings starte . ,here again the matter remaine pen ing for compromise an then ultimately sale 9as effecte . ,he revision petition as such 6eing 9ithout any merit is ismisse . 1t can 6e very 9ell seen that *o" A alats in various states eal 9ith a 9i e variety of cases

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CONCLUSION
,he main point that nee s attention is that the concept of *o" A alat is no more ta"en to 6e trial an error 6ase concept in 1n ia) 6ut it has 6ecome an effective) efficient an alternative mo e of ispute resolution) an is 9i ely accepte as a via6le) economic an timesaving form of resolution of isputes. 1t is a concoction of me iation) negotiation) ar6itration an participation. 7utual consent is one principle that helps in faster an efficient settlement of isputes 6y the *o" A alat. 1t is a sought after Alternative !ispute &esolution 7etho QA!&7R in the current scenario 9ith the a vent of technology lea ing to creation of multinationals 9here A!& plays a "ey role for e@ample) in case of mergers. 1ts aim is to create a9areness amongst the litigants to the effect that their 9elfare an interest) lies in arriving) at a consensus an settling the matter peacefully. 4#

,he 1n ian 8u icial system is facing fla" for its elays in case isposal. (usinesses suffer 6ecause isputes are not resolve in a reasona6le time. -ven 9ith the use of metho s of alternative ispute resolution a high num6er of isputes en up in a court. 1n a country 9ith vast population) every litigant cannot affor to travel an contest in a court of la9. .nline !ispute &esolution (.!&) has emerge as a ne9 metho ) 9hich may 6e 6eneficial in a geographically large country. .!& is the 6est availa6le metho for resolving such 6usiness isputes. ,he 2ational 1nternet -@change of 1n ia (21S1) has successfully use .!& an the 8u iciary has also sho9n a shift to9ar s use of ne9 technology for ispute resolution.

"Justice shall never be rationed an so goes the saying. ,he efforts have 6een to a vance) strengthen an provi e for TeCual access to 8usticeT) 9hich is the heart of the 1n ian /onstitution) a reality.

EAction ,a"en &eportF) httpBII arpg.nic.inIarpg< 9e6siteIA6out3sIParliamentaryStan ing/ommitteeI'5< &eport.n!eman sFor>rants.asp Aug. #)5''7
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*I*LIO3RA1HY
*OOKS0 7.P.Jain) E.utlines of 1n ian *egal +istoryF) :th e .) 5''3)Ga h9a an /ompany 2agpur.

INTERNET AND OTHERS0 K.Anurag Agar9al)E&ole of Alternative !ispute &esolution 7etho s in !evelopment of SocietyB *o" A alat in 1n iaF) httpBIIpi6.nic.inIarchieveIlrelengIlyr5''5Irmay5''5I'=':5''5Ir'=':5''5:.ht ml. Justice Jiten ra 2. (hatt) httpBII"elsa.gov.inIlo"a alat.htm. ,he +in u) httpBII999.hin uonnet.comIthehin uI5''5I'4I'=IstoriesI5''5'4'='4$;43''. htm. httpBII999.hin u.comIthehin uIopI5''4I45I4;IstoriesI5''4454;'''#'4''.htm . Kumar &avish) ESignificance of *o" A alatF)
httpBII999.legalservicein ia.comIarticlesIarticleJ4e.htm .

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