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DESTRUCTION AND DEMORALIZATION DUE TO AIRCRAFT

Modern Warfare Finds

Aeroplanes and Dirigible

Airships Playing
O

an
In

Armed with Powerful

Important Pari.
Si ehest German*- and Trance as the destruction o:" a Germen Zeppelin by a .-..H aviator on the French frontier daily reports are received of t't

Fighting Equipment.
e-ipennier,'. la.-t February, the gur a on an armored Dep*rduss;n monoplai .:. piloted by Prvost. Mr Ix>iseau, who it could .say of mounting the gun so that iired over the range of the propeller standing in-ide of a rail, was the marksman. I fligi operated the gun on the ground and in The re-sults were reported as thoroughly satufa
one

mounted

erial craft
the

are

uied

to

great

advantaj

estre oy dashw i
is the hmbition of many French :ous Frein ares first t fly at T and 100 mile? at' nom and made 109 mile .-,n houi in the Gordon Henr.itt Cup race, at Chicago, in 1912, siud tha' <- of .var between France and Germ*, v ould prove hi theory that Zeppelin* me no:

huge

giif.

bap,

Kfi Met.
si
nrre

or

aeroplane by flying Stras'burg. .-long the Zeppelin are. and dashing into
'

.flooded a target with shot from a height J.OOi) feet and that M aeroplane equipped l it would, given a margin of peed, be capable

try. Lieutenant Mailfert, of the French made a number of secret trial of a machu gun of a revolutionary nature. The repo: 'nut ,iu"-"ig *h." trial- Lieutenant Mailfe

-..er:
e me an

hour

01

tart

Zeppelin
from Toul
ere
or

-.-. rt

twe from the timi out of the han-*.. Verdun and I'll send any

a squadron of aeroplanes minutes. In the last three months eversl expenmen have been made with regular rapid-rlre gut

clearing the sky of


Pve

/.eppe.
consider In
ere it

pelin which
cumstance

.-.hlan-ii. the two Zep 1910 and II d' tl are many French aviators who woeld giorious to give their life in such cir

ments in France came to light through a 37-mill metre projectile tired from an aeroplane hittin
a

mounted

on

large aeroplanes One of th

e\per

house inhabited

by

an

English family and


or.

goin

the attac- 1! be made with fast aeroplanes equipped with ma I diri chine fees. These aeroplane.-, si ral hundred feet above it. gible, will but at a distance of fr ut of range of the dirigible'.** gur:y pump shot? on the hug velope. While the holes of the small bulle-,not be enffli ifficieniiy to force the

dirigibles

aie

n serious

danger.

general

jectile being blank could not explode, identified as being from a regular I7mil Hotchkiss marine gun. Everybody was puzzleu there was no explaining how it got tnere unt
it
sin
was

through the wall early

morn.rg.

The prr and a

found that uch

on a

large aeroplane constructed by (abrte Ve and was being tested at Lssy-ls-Moulineu>


-

gun had been mounte

The >var had hardly broken when reports cam that aviatoi h.i toea dropping bombs from aero plane. Thin is to be expected throughout the war inee the nation- have not agreed to prohibit it as has been proposed a number of time. FROM \IRl R AFT NO M WRINKLE. The !!-a of dropping bombs from aircraf an old one. and it will be rem'mbered that r before the first public aeroplane flight wa

have

or sinV. ad-antage it has been planned platform with a rail on top of Zep guns thein reports -.-

quickly

MOPPING BOMBS

being
'

eedjr
Une*

planned to have one or twe aeroplanes .h guns on the platform of the dirigpproaching aeroto start ou*
"i

the
oi

possibility of its employment for wart, -idered at the second peace conference held

.'

DBVICn

Mi.llO LABGIL1 IN tVAl


be carried out in X-nencar invention.

tMEMCAl. IMVEtTlOJ. WILI Of THF till


.

Whatever aerial warfare there rill be, it will large part with dev It is an ironical fact that the beat beteW-droppieg device*, and tli craft guns are American invention invention aViicI' are being adopted by all the t'irt and sec ond class powers except the Fnited States' The Bret aeroplane gun to how* it efficiency was the Lewi* automatic gun, the invention of 8. A Thi* I iant Colonel I. N. Lewis, 1 gun is air-cooled, weighs 25 pounds H ounce, and

equipped
t

--

th
mav

ti ind land far atta^ and I e > t r . \

i-.

Orte

Is
<.

its
1
...

implicit)
an ei
n.

ami loaa

acted (OW of these dei ieas, lived m agi | with other in bidding for them. Ah.

HimhipH and hangar.-, docl


r.l
terrorize

night,

anl

vanee

which

ittl

from recoil. Atnoitj the light machine gun f,-r aeroplane-, are the Kenct-Mercier and the Hotehkiss, The Renet-Mercier is a rapid-tire
of three hundred .shot* a minute. ..I on armored aeroplane, it has given re markable results. The Hotehkiss gun has of late ted in a number of experiments in France.
gun.

.id th

vill have

.ery .fence

geneiallv.

ftinal

There would be sud

throuj;! the lx |
given

great edvantafS over til. of other guns have heen developed retri'.-, and it is remarkable '..
a

veighing about twenty pound, capable


about

firing

im! with egufll


.

figure.

from

acropl.ines

invented which without the

hoots the servies small-arm ammunition. The be adjusted by controlling the rate et -ed in the operation from about ,1(0 to "Oil a minute Fifty cartridge aie placed in a drum >fr a pindle on the and thi drum The Leerte gun
was

LAWS OF AIR NAVIGATION AND WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY IN WAR


BATTLES
.-. en

explosion in a rough start or landing; dropping weights above ten pounds during flight was upposed to affect the equilibrium of an aeroplane, and dropping of bombs with any accuracy seemed impossible. But these limitation were rir the characteristically spe*dy way in which a!'
limitations are removed in aeronautic. In March, 1912. at St Louis, Tony Jannu* dropped Albert Berry, weighing 175 pound.-, fron. > aeroplane, demonstrating that a load larg enough to blow up a battleship could be .iroppe. .uring flight without endangering the life of tl pilot. Later in the year the Michelin bomb-drop ping eaatests indu-*l experiments at bomb ,1
i.nd winning the $10,000 prize. These demonstration were convincing, b .' lie attention waa given to the matter 1 military authorities outside of Russia and (lei many, where bomb-dropping contests were held. Mut individual inventor and militara- men con tinued their experiments, and there were ... icvices and bomb which collectively, if not M'igly, could be said to iohe the problem I- liminate the danger of explosion due to :.tance, bombs were dv1ed. such as th'.artn-Hale, which mut fall a ditance b them effective. The Marten-Hale bomb
nmg whu-h resulted in Lieut*nunt Riley I placing twelve out of fifteen bombs in the targ

The Hague, June II to October 19, 1907, when proposal was made to agree to prohibit the di e-hart; of projectiles and e\ploive* from be or by other new methods of a similar natute. Later, .n 1910-'ll, exhibition aviators used to drop oranges on dummy battleship, Glrnn H. Carl having been th first to do o. But the r- of flying was till in its infancy, and it dio n<. .. that it would be possible for many year come for aeroplanes to carry and drop such loa.n of explosives a could seriously damage saything. '.rrying a load o' explosives in an aeroplane wa in itself dungerous. involving the possibility of an
e,

the

.m.

tin- deatruel
..

The

-eeined
1

tested

by the Fnited St

liest

f..

ikely to ter much il;


pr<

.i>.

taken
r

on .

lU'horttie. nd t'ouiid efficient, In;* ir. HOI interested in acquiring any. The Kuri.

..ut

of militai

"oi.i

Th*

'i

o'i

an

imp"-

ire

ni
I at The iiiion of th

the continuance of th.prohibition adopted el the ISM eeaeeattcei until rniination of the Third Pence Conferenc,
iTitaaure >f the forty-four states rep tweety-eeven adepted ;iie measure, io so were the only important SS >'.<! ami Au-itna. The signing of thi dee

Celeteel Lewii bed esTen from England, Lient ..nd Belgiern, .-nich he accepted.
Kilei
.

/hich have

appeal
...

ut

European eonflicl

ly

entor

of

bornb-

dropping

o-

through the

ame

experi

ng any encouragement, he went ' t tout h Michelle bomb mopping content and won the first prite. placing .een 15 pound bombs in a target feet diameter from a height of 800 feet

thai the fleets of the air will be given thcireal tes*, and possibly th authorities believe that thea will add latal horror to war. and that as lighting matin. .. iiui national least thea will bment befare Mother eoaiiet takes placa. International law | a COmplei end
growing

Hege
Din
i

projectil'

nution

will have

no

effect

ttenpl
i

iiiii.ii mi'im."

;:

present war, because it is expressly prothat if either of them has an ally in any Wer 'vh'i lia. net Sdepted the measure it is not

Another American invention which


.

is

intended

body of rule* which has been limit


I

up

hj
.n

I
..

gpired
mi

binding

on

them. "ipi

able fast neropi.me tC rible snd a roplane may be used. Th rew and most terrible device, the .on sf Joeph A Steinmetz, of Philadelp' member of the Aero Club ot America and re pre* ident of thi Aero Club if Pennsylvania, i
'

the

a--

the nations of the

world
;.'om

11 .> r

Tl rapidly that it ha outstripped the deren machia!**1 of latarnaUenal eei


each ether.
-i,

humanitarian

or

As

evice a

Mtten in miht.it> tin feet oplane practically Ishes fol

with hook and line, and the hook catche a bomb attached to anf shatter the aircraft to which The thing i- practical in evety w

result the greatest ot ith little or no agrecm nt tending powers as to what onstltutc sir vehicle. in the carrying on of he tie. In "The Law of the Air," aa ritten by Harold I) Hazeltine, and published in this rminii the tieoies;. li Doras Company, the Is
s
u . .
i.

SBJ
'

"-..i

nferenct bemberdmcnt ot towns, village*., hebitetieai us buildings whi'-h are not defended le forbidden."
This
was

to limit the SCtlvittei .liuition to the rule of the t lW4 reading; "The attach
-nade

The

ring

it

Th"

Hague

suoplemciHed by
*-."

the words "hv

.in

I subscribe;

riction re be laid the)


inee ai.l

-le
>

la*a
in

of aviin

dirigible
,in

the eel
.'

the present
l. an

"r.

Anything
that
air

hull

b<- do.ii

|
an>
-rna
a

hi

'.

'

eroplane
a

ha a
n

lo.
"

eontroll.ng advantage
houi
a

English
.

nul
"m

tins

ne v

probably
from,
i,

and hi bo....
fn,l.>.,
..most

'.'Ck.

.i it Mena !iei ihr n. rs will be heerd

ble,

...

individuel
e

'.

have lia!
.I ac
n

-rd

aeroplane ha

travelling

rung, "

Dr. Haseltiae I pria

'h.n

ee-ar'i eirerefl

la

mile te attack the


,.e

ripies

concerning the
->.
.
..

control of the | of th hon time <l n.K

ti
-..

the
.'.

the hestl
lr the matter of irelesi

practical!)

nn

pa

a
a
,
*

in
In id

-hr mmt doe he

crew

of

the attacking aeroplane ri.k more than, poibly much a, an ordinary <,ut Yet ho v tr ties of putting tl.e eneni)'s air fleet out of coninnsion'

Ibis h.i-

if
<

1'inimi,

utheritiei
r

iu'iI

ird'j

i
mu

free to all, and thai any devid


me
a
'
-

clan-

.taeei equipped

un

each dr-.

..

to .tri-nip.,. magasin, I

right to I rave! throagh in> vr.>e) ha In VO**a| sea. A i.umt. t ..' rah.-. argument- lu -imp..m ol this
II b-iK the .>f il that he high

thi freund thai they could


i

Germany

lendii

rule have else bei n alop|i",, V. o* mii.-h imporiHiire in hi, war, .in I it I te er be eafevoed. I'll. chief provision il that any neutral country nil r heiligerem coantriei to neess fiom
.rnation

telegraph)

rent

la

tWMtJ pound, carries an explosive cha-, lour pound of trinitrotoluol and t1 It I now the general opinion chat an ha more actual righting value proport. than a battleship, its ability to operate at and its excess of ..peed over 'he fastest -hip being considered factor unequalled it by the bc*t features of bateships. Add. lact that the best of airships can' be built, ho.. and operated for a year at a fraction of titt
..
.

of

many': aeronautical programme involve t prnditure of J.10,000.000. and Kngland. Pis Italy and Russia are constantly adding to t taairship fleet.. It may he Id! that the pi.
of defending airships from aeivplan.-., he. the authorities up to . year ago. ha solved by making the aeroplane auxihat

battlethip,

it i

no.

surprising that

<>

r\

-peel

the

l.ilure

in

.-ut bthe new

unlibel) the) lech aj-.i-i


..>

screes

terrlterj
be di
*

coerse would be

ebebllily

firshlpa,

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