‘SD TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING & DESIGN ‘METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWINGS (ARC 1215) - PROJECT 3: REPORT WISMA YEAP CHOR EE, PENANG Tutors: Mr Cheah Khai Kid Mr. Caleb UNICEQUANUE-NECENDER) em LX WoNG KITE ‘agate AIF Aga ‘aa NN) ‘ara WARLERE CHAN HAN consi 0K a EK ‘one ALP ‘a0 AN SUEING ‘age sa eeions ‘ore EW WEEE KONG CEE SENG ae top OH a WN comer uw new ‘ono ‘wc eA ‘om un eer vou en onan SHAR AKU unaDLAaMAs umn wow Yo ‘ana BE ST MUN TAARN svn UNAS UNaINe ee Tur RN tone Woe Une cores ou arent oon wire awa ua ns oweDECLARATION OF SUBMISSION tis atrmative that the report submitted is our own work; never before has It boen published in any medium, whether electronically or in ink. The publication of this report Is under consent of al is contributors. In any event that it may be published in any form or language whatsoever, the approval ofthe copyright owner must be obtained betore doing so.ABSTRACT [total of 25 architecture students who are progressing trom semester 2 and semester @ are Involved inthis module: Methods of documentation and Measured drawings (ARC 1216). Students are required to produce sketches, a set of drawings, a report, photobook and website. This project was ongoing for a period of two months (19 January 2014 — 12 March 2014). The chosen bullaing for our group was Wisma Yeap Chor Eo in Penang, This report mainly explores the historical and architectural aspect othe building instead ofthe cultural aspect as the building is curently not In use. Since the building has been deserted a long period, here is much Aiticuty in obtaining thorough information regarding it. Thus, Yeap Chor o's prominent figure and site context is given more focus,ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |We would ike to thank our lecturers, Mr, Cheah Khal Kid and Mr. Caleb for their valuable guidance and encouragement throughout the project. Our ‘gratitude goes to Wawasan Open University as wel for granting us access ‘to Wisma Yeap Chor Eo. Many thanks goes to House of Yeap Chor Ee, Penang Municipal Council, Penang Heritage Trust and Georgewtown ‘World Heritage Incorporated (GWHTI for assisting us in accquiring the Felevant information. Last but not least, a great thank you to all group ‘members who have worked hard to make all ofthis possibleCONTENT DECLARATION OF SUBMISSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ‘TABLE OF CONTENT LST OF FIGURES 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Aim and objectives 1.2 Significance of research 1.9 Methodology 41.4 Scope 1.5 Limitations 1.6 Wisma Yeap Chor Ee 2. HISTORY 2.4 Penang 2.2 Chinese Immigrants 2.8 Yeap Chor Ee 2:1 Timeline 2.3.2 Background 2.9. Business 2.9.4 Family 2.35 Philanrophy 2.8.6 House of Yeap Chor Ee a7 9410 a7 10 " 13 1415, 16 wCONTENT 3. STE CONTEXT 3.1 Beach Street 3.1.1 Ban Hin Lee Bank 9.2 Weld Quay 9.2.1 Clan Jetties 3.3 China Street Ghaut 33.1 Wisma Kastam 9.3.2 Bangunan UAB & Bangunan Wawasan 4, WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.1 Facts 4.2 Layout 4.3 Circulation. 4.4 Architecture 4.4.1 Colonialism 4.4.2 Art Deco. 44.3 Neo-classicism 5. DETAILS, 5.1 Columns & Plaster 5.2 Beams 5.3 Flooring 5.3.1 Cement Screed Flooring 5.3.2 Non-porcelain ceramic tes flooring 1827 19 20 21-22 a paar 26 ar 26-43 20-29 30 at 30-43 2 3337 98-43 44-06 44-48 47-48 49:52 «0 50CONTENT 5.4. Timber flooring 5182 5.4 Root 53.63 5.4.1 Root truss 5561 5.4.2 Roo ties 6263 8.5 Window oat 5.6 Door 7276 5,7 Staircase 7780 5.7.1 Landing 7 5.7.2 Hand ral 7% 5.7. Baluster 1 5.8 Omamentation 1-86 6.0 MATERIALS 7-82 6.1 Concrete flooring a7 6.2 Non- porcelain ceramic 38 6.3 Timber 69 6.4 Brick 80 6.5 Lime a 8.6 Portland cement 2 7.0 CONCLUSION 99-08 7.1 Preservation & conservation 83 7.2 Group reflection 4 8.0 REFERENCE 95-102‘CONTENT 9.0 APPENDIX 103 10.0 GLOSSARY 104 11.0 SCALED DRAWINGS.LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Stee! measuring ruler (Source: ntpedna voluson.comkmiavqwgssivhepiies/pho- tosfSTT-99-795-2jpq71992209600) Figure 2: Skylon measuring tape (Source: ntp:www amazon ca/t65-ft Measuring-Tape-Skylon/d- prB0001H1T08) Figure 8: Bosch DLE7O Professional Lasor Measure (Source: htpviadsgadgots.con/archive/besch-dle-70-laser-rangetin en Figure 4: DSLR. (Source: htp:/www imaging -resource.com/PRODSIESODIEGODAA HTM) Figure 5: Wlema Yeap Chor Ee (Source: China Steet Ghaut by Dary! Yeap) Figure 6: Location of Penang state in Pennisular Malaysia (Source: ntp-rwww fao orgdocrepicts008/ag 1600/AG160E04 gi) Figure 7: Gooties porting goods (Gource: China Street Ghaut by Dary Yeap)LIST OF FIGURES Figure 8: Peranakan wedding couple (Source: htpsinyonyatood rasamalaysia.convintroduction-nyonya-toodh) Figure 9: Yeap Chor Ee (source: htip:Mhouseyce.comtwho-was-yeap-chot-ee!) Figure 10: A barber plating the towchang’ (source: htip:Mouseyce.comwho-was-yeap-chor-ee!) Figure 11: Oe Thong Ham (source: hip:/3.bp blogspot com-S4Qb76Ka7hg/TyIN= WA9-UIVAARAAAAARGA/Im@_G20x150/s 1600/00-iong-ham jpg) Figure 12: Family potrat Circa 19206. (source: hip: ouseyce.commwho-was-yeap-chor-ee)) Figure 19: Lee Cheng Kin (source: China Street Ghaut by Daryl Yeap) Figure 14: Me. Malcolm MacDonald receiving a cheque of $100,000 for Universtiy Msiaya Endowment Fund fom Yeap Ch’ Ee (tp. thestar.com my/News/Communi- \yi2019/09/14/Grand-Old-Man-ot-PenanghLIST OF FIGURES Figure 15: Wawasan Open University (Source: htpswww thestar.com. my/NewsiCommun 'y/2013/09/14/Grand-Ol4-Man-of Penang) Figure 16: Interior of House of Yeap Chor Ee (Source: ntipymouseyce.com/he-pormanent-exhibiton) Figure 17: An early impression of Weld Quay. Circa 1910 (Source: China Steet Ghaut by Dary! Yeap) Figure 18: Early beach street (Souce:http:swww penangmuseum gov mylmuseum/street_ scenes) Figure 19: Georgetown Dispensary Figure 20: CIMB bank, formely Ban Hin Lee bank Figute 21: Northem part of Weld Quay (Gource: China Street Ghaut by Dary! Yeap) Figure 22: Swettenham Pie. Circa 1910 (Souce: Malaysia A Pictorial History 1400-2004)LIST OF FIGURES Figure 28: Blueprint of a proposed extension of Penang Harbour, dated 1908, Shaded area denotes new extension. (Source: China Street Ghaut by Daryl Yeap) Figure 24: Chow Jetty Figure 25: China Street Ghaut Figure 26: Ghats in Vanarasi, India (Source: htps/arma stallticks.com/2727 4165106946_ 9071642971 jpg) Figure 27: Top view of China Street Ghaut Figure 28: View of Wisma Kastam trom Wold Quay. Figure 29: Bangunan UAB Figure 90: Bangunan Wawasan Figure 91: Wisma Yeap Chor Ee Figure 82: Wisma Yeap Chor Ee in ‘Lust, Caution’ Source: Lust, CautionLIST OF FIGURES Figure 38: Grids tines of flor plans Figure 24: Circulation of round tor Figure 35: Suitan Abdul Samed Buleing (Source: hitp:ivisik.com.my/2013/03/30/sutan-abdul-sama-uilding/) Figure 36: Empire State Bulding, America (Source:htp7eamphalfolood wikia.comfwikiFle-Em- pire_stato_building pg) Figure 37: Burmah Road Gospel Hall, Penang (Source: hitp:Mbrgh.penang-assomblies.org) Figure 8: North east etevation Figure 39: Eyebrow Figur 40; Rounded comer Figure 41: Long plaster Figure 42: Horizontal bandingLIST OF FIGURES Figure 43: Paster moulding Figure 44: Geometry on balcony Figure 45: Parthenon, Athens (Source:htp fon wikipedia. org/wikiParthenon) Figure 46: Penang City Hal (Source-htp www globatravelmate.comvasiamalaysia/pen- ‘ang/penang sights/1805-penang-georgetown-ciy-hall. him) Figure 47: Ground floor plan Figure 48: Floral omament Figure 49: Moti under corbel Figure 50: Keystone Figure 51: Doric columns Figure 52: ArcadeLIST OF FIGURES Figure 53: Fanlight Sunburst Figure 54: Frieze Figure 55: Section depicting location of columns Figure 56: Type of beams in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee Figure 57: Cement sereed flooring Figure 58: Non-porcelain ceramic tes on balcony Figure 59: Marking centre point Figure 60: Laying ties trom the centre Figure 61: Ceting in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee Figure 62: Beveled joint Figure 63: Section of joist Figure 64: Timber Hlooring in Wisma Yeap Chor EeLIST OF FIGURES Figure 65: Tongue and groove joinery (Source: hitp:iwww nobbithouseine.com/personallwoodpics/_g T.nim) Figure 66: Top view of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee Figure 67: Section of root structure Figure 68: Isonometric of root truss Figure 69: Poston of colar beam Figure 70: Roof trusses resting on load bearing wall and beam Figure 71: End of root trusses bul into the brickwork that Is connected to the parapet Figure 72: Position of roo trusses Figure 73: Postion of connectors Figure 74: Ctamp (lot) and U-shaped bracketLIST OF FIGURES Figure 75: Front (et) and back (right) of roo tes Figure 76: Inorlocking of root tes (Source: GC! Marseille Tile installation Guide) Figure 77: Location of ventilation tes on root Figure 78: Marseile entiation tes (Source: GC! Marseille Tie installation Guide) Figure 78: Windows on Wisma Yeap Chor Ee facade Figure 80: Isometric of windows Figure 81: Windows Figure 83: tenon mortise joint Figure 84: Murtins ofa windowLIST OF FIGURES Figure 85: Hal¥ap joint Figure 86: fanightisunburst Figure 87: Iron door aldope casting Figure 88: Exploded isometric of door Figure 89: Staircase Figure 90: id western pattern Figure 91: Curved handrail Figure 92: Location of detachable baluster Figure 93: Two types of baluster used Figure 94: Sloting of balusters into handrail, Figure 95: Concrete stars with ro-bar (Source:nitp172.22.16.57ipis/stairslenlargements/Typ_Re- bar_Stairipg_)LIST OF FIGURES Figure 96: Pasterwork on Wisma Yeap Chor Ee Figure 97: Comices Figure 98: Skrting Figure 98: Running mould technique Figure 100: Use of zine mould Figure 101: Imitation stone work Figure 102: Wooden sledge to form edges Figure 108: Sunken batten technique Figure 104: Balcony Figure 105: Corbet Figure 106: Concrete noting Figure 107: Diamond grid patterLIST OF FIGURES Figure 108: Non-porcelain ceramic flooring Figure 109: Timber coting Figure 110: Indication of brickwork Figure 11: English bond Figure 112: Pastered wall Figure 113: Mixing o time and sand o produce plasterwork Figure 114: Bick wall with cement mortar Figure 115: Haine crack Figure 116: Core and butter zone (Source: hitp:/www visitpenang.gov.my/UnescoHertageBrochure pat) Figure 117: Group photoLIST OF FIGURES Table 1: Type of columns “able 2: Type of pastors Table 3: Type of rot russ “able 4 Type of windows, Table 5: Type of doors1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 AIM & OBJECTIVES “The objectives of his project are to: 18) Document the significance ofthe historical building to preserve an accurate record for future conservation work ) Analyze the relationship between architecture and significance ofthe building as wel as its inhabitation © troduce the basic preparation of measured drawings ofan approved building or structure to prescribed standard1. INTRODUCTION 1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH ‘The sighticances ofthis research are fo understand and appreciate the architectural, cultural and historleal values of the hertage buldings in Penang. Wisma Yeap Chor Ee was completed in 1922 and one of the prominent landmarks in Penang. Iisa calegoryI listed heritage building located in the core zone area of Georgetown. What makes it unique the history ofits owner - Yeap Chor Ee and its strong relation with the site Context. Thus, its very important to document its cultural heritage. This research will erve a guideline for future conservation and preservation ‘works. This research also alms to davement the architectural details of the ‘selected building. Wisma Yeap Chor facade mainly consists of art deco ‘and classical omamentatons.L.INTRODUGTION 1.3 METHODOLOGY 13.1 RESEARCH Site visit ‘We stayed at Penang for 6 days § nights to carry both the measurement ‘and research work. The measurement team stayed on site to measure the building wile the report team Wied to source available plans trom uthories, namely Penang's Municipal Councl, We also visited House of Yeap Chor Ee, Penang Hertage Trust, Georgetown Word Heritage Incorporated (GWHTI for relevant information Visual aie ‘We took photographs and videos ot both interior and exterior of the building. These visuals are not only used as a relerence image tor Corthographic drawings, they are also to be compiled in a photo book, ‘website and the repor. Books and online sources ‘We have gotten relevant infomation trom the books borrowod trom ‘Taylors Library and our lecturers, We also looked at antine articles and ‘news regarding our sit, ‘Tutoriats “Tutorials were held every Monday and Wednesday to follow-up on our progress with our lecturers.‘Stoo! Measuring Tape Measuring tapes were used for measuring the floor area, wall height, and ‘ther elements that are teachable. However, our measuring tapes only ‘pan to 7.5m at maximum. tis also right and unable to measure curves. ‘Skylon Measuring Tape This measuring tape is soft and 30 meters long. It seal for longer spans ‘and suitable for measuring circumferences (le-olumns) as itis more exible, Bosch DLE70 Professional Laser Moasur ‘The cial laser is very efficient for measuring unreachable places, such 28 colings and roof overhangs. It can be used to measure area, height ‘and angle. It was used to measure the facade which 1s 15m tal. The advantages of digital laser measuring devices are automatic calculations hich are very accurate. pisr ‘We have used multiple DLSR's to capture details of omaments and the facade so that they can be raced in AUloCAD. A tripod was also used to provide stabil. e_ Fe 1: tel measuring pe * Figure 2: Sen mecsuing &L.INTRODUGTION 1.4 SCOPE ‘Wisma Yeap Chor Ee is located at China Street Ghaut, Penang. It is one ‘ofthe notable colonial bulaings in Penang and was completed in 1922 ‘This building originally belonged to Yeap Chor Ee, but is curently owned by Wawasan Open Universily. Wisma Yeap Chor Ee was greatly influenced by its surrounding context, which relates tothe trading business fat Penang Harbour. Its simple and modem art deco facade makes It a istincive colonial building. Our research covers Yeap Chor Ee's history, the ste context as well as details of the Wisma Yeap Chor Ee which makes It unique.L.INTRODUGTION 1.5 LIMITATIONS ‘There were numerous limitations while carrying ou this project. First of al the main limitation was the height of the building. We had trouble ‘measuring the facade that was 15m tall, We also didnot have ladders or skylt to assist us. We could only take eyelevel pictures of the facade from Wisma Kastam (which is right opposite) and refer from there, The bulling has not been in care for along time, thus some ofthe floor boards ‘were unstable. Although there was ample information regarding Yeap Chor Ee himset, there was limited data on what we could find on the Wisma, Yeap Chot Ee due to lack of documentation. We had no spect information as to how the bulding crignily functioned as it has not been Inuse for along time1. INTRODUCTION 1.6 WISMA YEAP CHOR EE |Wisma Yeap Chor Ee was commissioned by Yeap Chor Ee and designed by architectural frm, Messrs Stark & Meneil It was completed in 1922. Many would assume thatthe three-storey buiding would be built as a banking building, but ft was actualy a mercantile building with a warehouse. This Is not unusual as it was previously a godown used to ‘slore goods that were unloaded a he harbour due to is strategic location Yeap Chor Ee also commissioned other bullaings along China Steet ghaut hich also functioned as warehouses for his tin ingots and other stocks He had been investing in tn ingots in the past decade even uni the great \dopression when prices dropped. After the stump, it was sai that he was ina poston ointuence the global in industry due to his arge amount of ‘stock, Being one of two colonial landmark (the other being Malayan Railway station) at China Street Ghaut, Wisma Yeap Chor Ee spots a ‘monumental and classalfagade. It's currently unoccupied today.2. HISTORY 2.1 PENANG: Located at the North western tip of Pennisular Malaysia, Penang Is ‘well-known for its rich culture and heritage. The British obtained Penang Island through the East India company in 1786. Penang was to function as {ther trading port between China and india and as a naval base. Renamed as Prince of Wales Islan, i tunctioned as a British entrepot and was part ofthe Straits Settelements together with Malacca and Singapore in 1826. PPenang's geographical location made it conducive o ade between China, India, Southeast Asia and Brain. In the 18808, it was major trading por for rubber and tin. Penang was also a gathering place for people, ranging trom traders, seamen, labours from China, India, Southeast Asia and Europe. in the 18th century, Penang became a staging post for opium ‘rade. Penang remained a fee port unl the status was revoked in 1969, Fpwe 6: Locaon of he Penang Stal Peis Malaysia2. HISTORY 2.2 CHINESE IMMIGRANTS ‘Most Chinese in Penang originated irom Southeastern China. The earliest settlers were fishermen and cooks under the East Inala company government. In the last decade of the 19th century, @ tidal wave of Chinese immigrants surged into Malaya, altracted by the tee trade policy and to search fora better life. The amount of Chinese increased eo rapialy ‘until they occupied halt of the population. Upheavals in Souther China, ‘namely the Taiping Rebelion killed around 20 million people resulted in a Great number of relugees, thus contributing 0 the Chinese mass migration. in coincidence with Great Brian's Industrial revolution, the ‘demand for tin rose and thus labour was needed to extract tin, Hoyt (1996) slated tha the British considered the Chinese ideal immigrants because of their wtingness to endure hardship, preseverance, and ineligence, and thelr ablity to organize themselves. These Immigrants are also known as Sin-kheh, meaning “new quests. Most of them came via credittcket Immigration. The labour brokers (Aoh-au) would pay for thei fare and in rotum the Chinese wore bound under a contact to work as coolies. ter the debt i fully palo, they are fre to go. They were in steady demand as twakow (lighter) coolies and stevedores who loaded and unloaded sacks and barrels to and trom the vessels, bullock cart operators and rickshaw pullers. awe 7 = Coote porna goods2. HISTORY 2.2 CHINESE IMMIGRANTS \Wmere a Chinese immigrant came trom would determine where he would hhead upon arriving in Penang. Diterent dialects would head to dierent places, for example the Fukiens would head to Pitt Street and China ‘Street. Chinese clan associations took onthe role of helping new chinese settles by educating thet children and pay for funeral. The immigrants ‘would then settle along clan jettles or tenement houses nearby. Living Conditions were cramped and cheap. Brothels and opium were their main source of enterainment. Unlike Stats Chinese, the SinKhehs were Penniloss and stil have a stiong attachment to China, and would write back letters fo their kinsmen back home, Most of them were dligent and hardworking, theretore ending up successful, such as Cheong Fat! Tze and Yeap Chor Ee. Differences botwoen Sin-Khohs & Straits Chinose: ‘Strats Chinese also known as peranakan, meaning ‘local bor’ are CChinese who have assimilated with the local culture. They mastered English and favored western culture instead of traditional Chinese Culture. Chor Ee's children are Straits Chinese. Meanwhile, Sin-Khohs ‘are immigrants that descend direty trom China and are more traditional Pique 6 Peraasan wedg oune2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 2.3.1 TIMELINE Property apanose evelopment occupation incorporatoa lean tin Lee Late 1940 28 May 1992 Death2. HISTORY 2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 2.3.2 BACKGROUND Yeap Chor Ee was bom in Na'an in the Fukien Province on the Southern ‘coast of China on 18 Oclober 1867. He was the third son ofa farmer and lost his parents after ne was just three months ol. He was then taken care ‘of by his grandmother uni he was seven. In 1885, he migrated to Penang ‘atthe young age of 16. Penriless, he worked as an itinerant barber. Oi Tiong Ham, who lator became Java's Sugar King was one of his regular customers, His deft hands at shaving and plaiting the ‘Yowchang’ then ‘earned him the nickname "Thi-Thau-Ee’, meaning barber Ee (Yeap, n.d). Frguea Youp ch €62. HISTORY 2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 2.3.3 BUSINESS Alter working as a barber fr five years, he gained enough money to start ‘Chop Ban Hin Loo’ (Fim of Ton Thousand Blessings To Prosper) in 1890, It was a small shop located along Prangin Road Market which ‘mainly sold provisions by a British Importing House. By the turn ofthe 20th Century, Penang experienced an economic boom in coincidence withthe Indusval Revolution, He purchased crude sugar rom Caledonia Estato in Province Wellesley. The crude sugar was then processed at the refineries ‘of Oei Tiong Ham, the ‘Java Sugar king’ and then sent back fo Penang to be sold. As a result, both men dominated the sugar industry in the region, ‘Yeap Chor Eo was the sole distributor of Java sugar inthe region for over fourty years n 1910, he shite his attention orice, tapioca, tn and other commodities. He also established a financing firm in 1918 because there wore not many banks forthe Chinese. He then became a shareholder of the newly established Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation (OCBC) In 1982, He also purchased an ol mill rom Bean Wan Lee in Penang | ln 1995. The plan, upgraded withthe latest machinery from Germany was capable of producing quality vogotable oll Yeap Chor Ee bought the Telaingnyun Rice Mill at Wakema, Burma where he Imported rie trom Fangoon to Singapore. He also exported sugar on its return voyage rom ‘Singapore. Penang then was his headquarters. In 1938, ne moved his banking operations to his new headquarters - Ban Hn Lee Bank on 43, Beach Steet.2. HISTORY 2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 23.4 FAMILY Organization of Chinese Families ‘Achinese immigrant usually goes back to China to marry awite who will ‘ult the ancestral worship rites on his behall. He will also sent back ‘money tothe wife so that she Is well-cared for. i one Is rch enough, he ‘will marry another local wite as polygamy is acceptable during that era, tt the mariage bore no children, they are allowed to adopt. Chor Ee had ten clléren, of whic four were adopted ‘After establishing Chop Ban Hin Lee, Chor Ee’ s next stop was to start a family. He returned to China to marry Lim Han Nyoh, his first wife. He returned to Penang later while the young wie stayed in China. He married his second wife, a local Penang git, sister of Gan Ngo Bee, a local ‘merchant. Unfortunately, they divorced. He then maried Oo! Kim Suan, his third wite in the 1900s. They had daughter and a son together. She later past away due to tuberculosis. n 1912, he married his fourth and last wile, Lee Cheng Kin who later became his confidante, They also had ab children together. They bought up their children emphasizing on CContucain principles which stresses on filial and loyalty. According to the Principles, children should always respec! their elders, which is why two of tho most important celebrations at nome wore: Chinese New Year and CChor Ee's birthday. Chor Ee's household servants also came from itfrent backgorunds: namely Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Javanese. ‘ue 12: Famiy porate 192082. HISTORY 2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 23.4 FAMILY Lee Cheng Kin was born on 7th February 1897 in Penang. She was Yeap {Chor Ee's fourth and most important wile. Known for her beauty and her ‘composure, she originally aspired to become a doctor but was engaged to Yeap Chor Ee when she was 15. She also learnt the art of banking trom ‘Yeap Chor Ee. She took care of his business for two decades alter his ‘doath which was very uncommon during that time.ZHISTOR 2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 2.3.5 PHILANTROPRY ‘Yeap Chor Ee came trom an uneducated and poor background, thus he had a desire to contribute in the field of education. He decided that he would be giving his money away for educational institutions by establishing the Yeap Chor Ee Chartable Trust and the Yeap Chor Ee Endowment Trust before his death in 1952. The Endowment was orginally suppose to be in elfect 20 years after the death of the third generation ‘Yeaps. However, his grandson, Yeap Leong Hual decided to expedite the ‘rust instead. Homestead and China Street Ghaut properties were donated to the Wawasan Education Foundation in 2006 to estabish ‘Wawasan Open University, Malaysia's first open learning institution Homestoad, which was the Yeap tamly’s mansion is currenty the chancholor's ofice of WOU (reler to tig.14), Wawasan Education Foundation (WEF) is a joint effort of the Yeap Chor Ee Endowment Trust land Part Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia '515100,000 or ory Malaya Endowment Fund irom esp Chor Ee Fre 15: Wawasan Open Unveraty2. HISTORY 2.3 YEAP CHOR EE 2.3.6 HOUSE OF EAP CHOR EE [Aller moving out of Homestead, Yeap Chor Ee's family were in search of a place to store the antique furniture. They were originally slored io ‘warehouses on the way to Mallhom,thel private retreat on Bukit Penara, | 2008, Yeap Leong Hua established the House of Yeap Chor Ee to pay tribute to his late grandfather's accomplishments. The gallery was launched on Yeap Chor Ee's 140th birthday - 16th October 1868. The ‘socal gallery was based at Chor Ee's first home at Penang Steet. n oder {or the museum fo sustain tse, it also houses a restaurant - The Sire, hich occupies two-thirds of the bulling. The journey of Yeap Chor Ee provides an insight into his remarkable fe and the lives of immigrants who arrived in Penang more than 100 years ago.3. SITE CONTEXT Legend: 4. Clan Jetties A ‘oot mel Relation of Site Context Back in he 100 century, Chinese immigrants ving at lan tes worked at the plrs as cools. Godowns along China Steet Gheut and Beach Sreet acted as warehouses for goods unloaded from the harbour Pnangites took the fey tom FMS Railway Pir to the mainland ater purchasing the tikes at FMS Raiay Staton. / SSW savoafetesm3. SITE CONTEXT 3.1 BEACH STREET One of the earliest streets in Penang, Beach Stet was bult along the coast. Iwas the centre of trade with offices, banks and godowns (gudang) tocated along the orginal waterfront. The buildings fronting Beach Street wore shop trots, wile extending behind were godowns for storage (Tye, 1d), They were mostly bult between 1880s and 1990s, when Penang ‘experienced an economic boom. Their location were concentrated inthe land between Beach Street and Wold Quay. The locals back then had their ways on naming a street. Thus beach steet was also locally known as “Tho Kho Kay (warehouse street) or “Tiong Kay". The northernmost part ‘was occupied by westerners, hence was called “Ang Mor Thaus Kor Kay" meaning “White Men's Commercial Street”. Among the prominent bullaings located along Beach Street are: The Standard Chartered Bank, India House, Georgetown Dispensary and Ban Hin Lee Bank. Today, Beach Steet i sila prominent banking district. gue 16 ary beach eves, gute 1: Georgetown Dapensary3. SITE CONTEXT 3.1 BEACH STREET 32.1.2 BAN HIN LEE BANK Ban Hin Leo was orginated trom Chop Ban Hin Lee, which used to be trading company. Chop Ban Hin Lee had been doing banking business ‘since 1916 but was formally incorporated as a bank in 1935 Iwas the fist bbankin Penang tobe funded by one person - Yeap Chor Ee. He wanted to ‘establih a bank that would cater tothe Chinese community as banks back then were for Westemers. According to Lee (1981), the bank's main interest had been in local credit and trade, particulary betwwen Singapore ‘and Penang. It ater expanded to more branches in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The bank merged with Southen Bank bh in 2000 betore boing ‘acoquired by CIMB bank in 2006. Ban Hin Lee bank was by the Penang’s fst Chinese architect, Ung Ban Hoe. Ung Ban Hoe work for the architectural frm, Messrs Stark & Mene g3. SITE CONTEXT 3.2 WELD QUAY In 1889, the British carried out a land reclamation project along beach ‘treat. Dozen of wharves, plers and jltes sprouted trom the new land mass which was named Weld Quay after Sit Frederick Aoysius Wold, Governor of the Straits Settioment (1689-1889) (Yeap, n.d). However, ‘only ighters (le: Chinese Twakows, Indian Tongkangs, Malay schooners, tishing boats, Bugs vessels trom Colebes) wore sullable forthe jes Deep berth vessels are requited to anchor off shore and unload theit ‘goods onto the lighters to be carried on shore. Similar to Singapore's harbour, Weld Quay’ first section was reserved for government offices and administrative centres, such as the General Post Office, Governor's fice and the Public Works Department. Large merchant houses such as Behn Meyer & Co, Stals Trading Co, MacAlister and Co, bull godowns and offices facing Beach Street and the watertront. The locaton was particularly advantageous (refer oti. 20) as it was closely located to the ‘authorities, banks and Swettenham Pier, a deep water whart gue 21 Nomnem pa of Weis Quay.3. SITE CONTEXT 3.2 WELD QUAY “The following section was occupied by local Chinese merchants. There ‘was aggressive competion between both Chinese and Westem ‘merchants wo sought to control the the trade. The Chinese merchants Invested heavily into Western-Style business. models with large scale shipping network and modem tin smelting technologies (Yeap, n.d.) However, such companies wont bankrupt due to the lack of capt. A now breed of businessmen who were chinese immigrants later emerged. They ‘were dealing trades regarding rice, sugar and oll, which faced no direct ‘competition with Western trades (le: tin). One such merchant was rone-other than Yeap Chor Ee. Due to congested trate, a futher extension ‘of Weld Quay was proposed in 1908. The plan did nat work out due to unknown reasons. It might be due to lack of capital or conflict between the ‘mercantile communities, ‘gue 2: Suapat ofa propose exension of Penang HetBou dated {ibe shade sos center new sxenson3. SITE CONTEXT 3.2 WELD QUAY 3.2.1 CLAN JETTY ‘There are a total osx clan tis: the Lim jetty, Chew Jetty, Tan ety, Lee Jolly, mixed clan Jetty and the Yeoh Jey. They were orignaly built to house coales, porters, ishermen and ode-ob labourers. The Chews were ‘otginally maritime clan communities in China, thus they resided by the walerront when they migrated. They were the primary worklorce of the harbour at Weld Quay. Nowadays, he younger goneration has moved out While the eldery enjoy their laidback Me style. The jetties are a tourist traction, particularly the Chow Jetty. Fg 24-Chew Jety3. SITE CONTEXT 3.3 CHINA STREET GHAUT China street was originally Inked to the shore, and goods would be unloaded and bought on shore via ghauts. Merriam-Webster defines ghat’ a. light of stops thal provide access to the water (rter to ig.25). China ‘street’ layout was regarded good for fengshul where the Kuan Yin temple ‘enjoyed a direct view of the sea. However during the land reclamation, the ded street was slight bent to the left, thus altering the orientation China street ghaut was original steps leading down to the sea The word ‘ghaut,orginating trom the word ‘gha’, depicts that they are extensions (of the original streat beyond the orignal waterfront at beach strest Malayan railway building was built due fo the growth of tin ore export thus requting an administrative building. However, the Chinese ‘community viewed this asthe Briish’s way of disrupting their prosperity by placing the building in such a location. According to Tye (nd), the building ith its clock facing the Kuan Vin tomple was an inauspicious sign to the Chinese, tke the white men teling them that “thelr time is up.3. SITE CONTEXT 3.3 CHINA STREET GHAUT ‘Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, Bangunan UAB, Bangunan Wawasan, Ban Hin Lee bank building were all comissioned by Yeap Chor Ee and designed by architect fim Messrs Stark & McNeil, The land previously belonged to shipping magnate, Quah Beng Kee who suffered financial ruins when his ship crashed onto the ports of Dell. These properties were donated to Waswasan Education Foundation In 2006. Wisma Kastam along with Wisma Yeap Chor Ee are prominent landmarks facing Weld Quay. The bullaings al spot similar architectural style as they were bull around the era 19008 - 19508,3. SITE CONTEXT 3.3 CHINA STREET GHAUT 3.3.1 WISMA KASTAM Formerly known as the Malayan Rallway building, the custom building Is 'ocated along China Street Ghaut, opposite of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee. Itwas referred asthe railway station without a ral. t was bul between 1905 and 1908. instead of platform and rails, the Malayan Railway building housed ‘administration offices, ticket booth and a Railway restaurant wih Bar & atl, Passengers would fist purchased their tickets atthe raiway building, waked tothe Railway jetty atthe end of China Street Ghaut, then board the Railway Ferry steamors to Butterworth io catch the tain (Khoo, 1994). ‘The building was later occupied by the Customs department inthe late 1960's. Before KOMTAR was bul, the building was te tallest in Penang wt its icone elocKlomer, which is stl ticking in rocison to this ay. Like \wisma Yeap Chor Eo, t incorporates at deco and classical olements with Its ionic columns and pane windows gue 28: View a Wana Kast om Weld Quy3. SITE CONTEXT 3.3 CHINA STREET GHAUT 3.3.2 BANGUNAN UAB & BANGUNAN WAWASAN ‘According to Yeap (0.4), these buildings along these China Street Ghaut served two purposes: 1) warehouse for mercantile business and 2) se: cured faclity for tin ingots. Bangunan UAB, located right next to Wisma Yeap Chor Ee was occupied by he Indian Overseas bank in 1997. It was originally known as Yeap Chor Ee Godown, Today It's currently undergoing renovation, Bangunan Wawasan, previously known as Wawasan Open University Regional and Learning Ottce. Silat, was bul in the 1930's. used to house a alinic, Dre Allan and Gunstensen which later relocated to Bishop Stree, It then fucntioned as a popular nighspot, Babylon Boom Boom. As of March 2013, itis occupied by Disted College Schoo! of Hospitality4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 41 FACTS ‘Wisma Yeap Chor Ee (previously known as Yeap Chor Ee building) Is one of the iconic landmarks along China Street Ghaut. It used to ‘be a mercantile office and godown dealing with goods from the ‘harbour in the 20th century, It was occupied by Rainbow Art Gallery {or a period of time, the date however is unknown. There were plans Crignally to transform the building to a boutique hotel in 2008, but the plan fel out due to unknown reasons. Today, itis not in usage, Like most colonial buildings, Wisma Yeap Chor Ee sports monumental thick walls which were meant to serve as tre-prooting land to ensure the goods were kept at a constant temperature in Malaya’s tropical climate. its large windows and heavy loading doors provide ample ventilation and light into the space. It is ‘assumed that the building has beon through renovations as the root truss brackets and tles look new.4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.1 FACTS Wisma Yeap Chor Ee had its moments of fame when it was used as ‘backdrop for the movie ‘Lust, Caution’, directed by Oscar - winning irector Ang Lee. Renamed ‘Macy Company Limited, 1926," the building was given a fresh coat of white paint, and had a revolving {door with curtains, display windows with mannequins, a wooden tower stall and a rooted tat post outside. 1052 Wma Yeap Chor Een Lust, Cau4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.2 LAYOUT Each floor Is repettve as they alolow the same layout. The columns are also aligned tothe same structural grid. The ground floor which acts as ‘the warehouse is diferent a it has five rooms while the above floors which ate the offices have four rooms each. It ean be denote from the oor plans thatthe interior is spacious and ary. Fae 38: Gre neo oor ans4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.3 CIRCULATION “The building is laid out in such a way that some rooms are ony isolated land accessible from the exterior while some are inlecconnected. Wisma Yeap Chor Ee was one ofthe frst buildings in Penang to have att. The lit s located right beside the staircase. The doors were laid out in a way thatthe upper lors can only be accessed from an exterior door. This was ‘most probably for secuty purposes so thatthe offices above can only be ‘accessed fo those with the key, meaning people unloading goods at the ‘warehouse below were denied access @)4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 4.4.1 COLONIALISM ‘According to Heritage Malaysia Trust (1990), the architecture of Malaysia |s classified to seven types, consisting of influences from Eurpoean, Malay, Chinese and Inaian culture Indian Kingdoms (7h — 14h Centuries) Malay Vernacular (re-15th Century to present) ‘Straits Eclectic (15th Century to mid-20th Century) Chinese Baroque (191% Century to early 20th Century) CChitya indian Vernacular (15th Century to Mid 2ath Contury) Colonial (17th Century to mid-20th Century) Modem (1950s ~ 1980s) Looking at the historical period in which Wisma Yeap Chor Ee was Constructed, t was the time of Briish rule; the era of colonialism Examples of famous colonial landmarks are the Ipoh Railway Station, Porak and the Sultan Abdul Samad bullaing, Kuala Lumpur. Through much ‘observation, research and analysis, itis determined that Wisma Yeap Chor Ee possesses elements ofboth the Art Deco and Neo-Classical styes4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 44.240T ECO ‘The term ‘Art Deco’ refers tothe syle of applied decoration widely found In Europe and America inthe late 19208. One good example Is is the Empire State Building with ts typical zigguratrootine (refer to fi. 36) ‘Seen as a precursor to the moden style, art deco was then adopted {throughout prewar Malaysia, mainly in town centres of Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Johor Banru, Alor Setar, as well s Georgetown. Although the style was commonly used in entertainment bulldings and shophouses, it was later @ way to portray wealth fr the newly rich Chinese who made their fortunes inthe late 19208 ftom tin and rubber. Hence, many private vias ‘belonging to these merchants were of Art Deco style. An Art Deco building 's distinguished by its simple oramentation, clean rectilinear ines and cexlensive use of geometry in its form.4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 44.240T ECO Mataysianization of Art Deco In Malaysia, Art Deco had undergone several adaptations to sult the local ciate condtions. For example, the application of banding devices such 1a wide eaves, sunshades and ledges Keep out the sun and rain. To add to that, the appearance of these ledges and sunshades add to the horizontal ettect of balance, boing decorative but atthe same time staying ‘elimate conscious’ (Loo & Lee, 1996), Tradltonaly, Art Deco ‘omamentation was often expressed through stone, but it was expensive ‘and not readily availabe, Builders had to resort to Shanghai plaster, which was newer, cheaper and more readly avalable. It's also much easier to work wth while offering the same level of visual effect of stone. This stays true to Art Deco, where technological progres accepted, implemented and encouraged. Art Deco became popular in Georgetown around the 1920's, and it incorporated florid embelishments ofthe neo-classical style. The buildings were either finshed with stucco oF ‘Shanghai plaster, which gave ita distinct grey appearance (ele to fig. 97) new materials) ae4. WISMA YEAP GHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 44.240T ECO 1. Eyebrows Eyebrows appear to be cantilevered windows shades. They look like & ‘helt placed above the windows thal shade dtect sunlight 2 Rounded Corners, [Att Deco was also an era of the Streamline Moderme, meaning i also Celebrated the advancement of technology. Hence, automobiles. and airplanes Inspired the use of curvature. it makes the bullaing look ‘aerodynamic 3. Long Pilasters ‘Ast Deco buildings spot long pilasters than run the entre facade, Windows, ‘are located in between the pilasters. The pilasters are fnished wit plaster moulding pw #1-Lang pest4, WISMA YEAP GHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 44.2anT Eco 4. Horizontal banding “Tropical buildings in Malaysia typicaly feature wide eaves for shading “This feature was merged with the banding devices of the Art Deco sive Hence, itis a combination of both practical function and aesthetic purpos ‘5, Plaster Moulding Stucco can be sculpted into at deco motifs. The motifs are usually simple ‘and rectilinear. The finish was usualy left In biege but was sometimes painted in pastel colours ofthe ora. 6. Geometry ‘Ast Deco motis include simple geometrical shapes, such as rectangles land circles as seen on the balcony of the building4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 4.4.3 NEO-CUSSICIS Classicism In architecture reters to the elements and principles of Greek and Roman architecture, ether a temple of that time or a fay recent building that was designed with the essence of the classical siyle. A though the latter can also be called Neocassicism, both terms can be used interchangeably. The Greeks erected thelr temples in dedication to {heir Gods; they buit them inthe most impressive sizes and details ofthat time to celebrate and worship their Deities. Nowadays, the Classical style |s implemented to achieve a simitar fool of grandeur. Just as the temples ‘that were bull many years ago, a sense of awe and pertection is replicated in bullaings of today. Many people who own fortunes in Malaysia during 1he1920s-30s, such as Yeap Chor Ee himself, conveyed their wealth {through the bullings that they bult and owned. The government erected bullaings as a place of importance; in which most of them are designed in ‘the Classical styl as it sonds tis message to the public owe 48: Penang Ci Hal4. WISMA YEAP GHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 4.43 NEO-CLASSICISM Noo-Ciasscal eatures as 200n on Wisma Yoap Chor Eo4.4.3 NEO CLASICISM Noo-Ciasscal eatures as 200n on Wisma Yoap Chor Eo4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 4.4.3 NEO CLASSICISM 1. Balance & Symmetry ‘The buildings shaped ke a rectangular block wih conta section. “The eyrmaty fo further enchanced wih matching plaster, col and bay windows 2 Bey ‘The bung features multiple bays, which are vertical components of ‘ho building, such as tho spaces botwoon columns 2. Floral Motta Floral omamonts depicted ina form ofa festoon (ig). Acanthus lat scubpture under ho cor (i) 4. Keystone Wirgo-shaped stone at the apex ofan arch. I is th last pioce to bo placed ducing constuction and ioeks al he otha tones in poston4.4.3 NEO CLASICISM 5. Fanlight ‘Somi-circular window that radial like fan. Its usualy placed over a Window or door. tis also known as sunburst ight 6. Frieze ‘Atrioz is a classical feature usually soon in Groek temps. is a wide central section that I part of the entabature. The frieze on Wisma Yeap ‘Chor Ee is located beneath the cornice and i plain I consists of 2) tigyph ‘by metope ©) guttae4. WISMA YEAP CHOR EE 4.4 ARCHITECTURE 4.4.3 NEO CLASSICISM 7. Dorie Columns (Out of the classical ordrs, Doric columns ar the simplest. Their capital 's a cicle topped by a square. Dore columns are also sturdier than others. 8. Arcade ‘An arcade isa covered walkway supported by arches. It's most commonty ‘seen in Roman architecture, such asthe aqueducts. Wisma Yeap Chor Ee iil retains its original arcade facing the Weld Quay. gue 58 Done caus 25. DETAILS 5.1 COLUMNS Dorie columns are one ofthe most significant features of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee as they provide structural support together wih the load bearing walls ‘There are a total of 17 tree standing columns and 20 pilasters. The Columns at each floor vary in slyle. The ground floor features clrular Columns while the frst and second floor has square columns. The radius of ‘columns decreases when the level of floors Increases. This means 10 ‘enhance the stability of building. These colurmns are also pre-cast. They ‘Wore installed at a span trom minimum §264mm to maximum 617 tm, ! ttl5. DETAILS 5.1 COLUMNS ‘Type of columns: Round columns ‘Square columns 1 ‘Square columns 2 Location ‘round oor Fist oor second oor uantiy 6 a 8 Wei eaee 708.38 x4770 rat x00 525.4000 SS ' Eteraton ‘Top views | | ‘abe Type ot caus5. DETAILS 5.1 COLUMNS & PILASTERS ‘Type of Pilastor Paster 1 Pitaster 2 Location ‘Ground Floor First & second floor Quantity 7 wxH (am x mm) 1642.77 x 6024 Elevation ‘Top views ‘abe Type ot pasaDEAS 5.2 BEAMS: In Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, an exposed-beam ceiling Is supported by free-standing Doric columns and Doric plasters. There are three types of beam that vary in their dimension, tunction and styl. 2) Main Beam ‘The main beam is lad on top of columns across the building. 1s width is {teatest at ground floor and smallest atthe second floor ») Sub Beam Most ofthe sub beams in the building are haunced atthe end, meaning it thickens toward its support so that a greater area is distibure to the main beams and the pilasters. The haunced end also helps to transfer the load ‘down tothe ground safely. ©) Arch Beam ‘Arches are strong in compression and thus carry more loads than fat beams.5. DETAILS 5.2 BEAMS: ‘Type of beams Main Beam ‘Sub beam ‘Arch Beam Image Span (mm) 20282 5496 2787 ry GFloor = 556 x 750 Mido : 400 x 410 Center: 423 x 566 lesrceat et Floor : $66 x 750 End: 400x690 End 742 568 2d Floor: 585 x 404 aneaenl Support the load bearing | Spread the load from Support the hatway on wall above main beam= ‘st floor and 2nd flor “alo 3 Type of beams5. DETAILS 5.3 FLOORING 5.3.1 CEMENT SCREED FLOORING “The ground tloor of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee is fully covered by using cement Instead of leaving a plain surace, the cement screed Is patterned with diagonal grid lines to add in more aesthetical value and and to make the ‘space look larger.5. DETAILS 5.3 FLOORING 5.3.2 NON-PORCELAIN CERAMIC TILES FLOORING This tlooring was installed diagonally at the hallways and balconies om fist and second floor. The diamond grid pattern of the tes makes a small space seem larger and a long space seem endless. This arrangement of Nloor ties was commonly used in colonial buildings.The installation of lagonal tes is the same as any other te instalation excopt for a tow minor preparation techniques. However, as opposed to standard tle installations, instaling diagonally requires more cuts and leaves more hes Installation 2) Lay out the center and perpendicular lines. by Place @ mark on each line, an equal distance away trom the center Point. €) Using a slighty larger measurement, swing an arc on both sides of each line from point EF, G,H (refer to fig. 59 ). Snap diagonal chalk tines atthe Point where the marks intersect. done correctly, te chalk wil intersect the conter point 4) Star laying ties diagonally stating from the center pont (ret to ig. 60). Fue 56 Nonpecoln cea esa he baeony5. DETAILS 5.3 FLOORING 5.3.3 TIMBER FO ‘Timber Joist ‘The timber joists in the building have a width 100mm x height 200mm x length 6500mm. Before instalation, Beveled edges are introduced to the timber joists by using a specific mould cutter on the underside ofthe joist, provided the structural strength of the timber members. is not compromised. These beveled edges (see fig. 62) give an ornamental ettect a well. The end of timber floor joists ae inserted into the gap ofthe oad bearing wall which act as a joist pocket to keep the them in their positon gue 61: Csing n Wisma Yeap Char Ee ‘Tmber floor board “Timber joist with beveling gue 62 Beveled eyes oft Fgule 6: Seton ot ast,5. DETAILS 5.3 FLOORING 5.3.3 TIMBER FLOORING ‘The timber loor boards ate used on the second and third flor. They ‘measure approximately 70mm wigth x 25mm thick x 190mm length. The strips of timber board are connected to each other via tongue and groove Joinery. Tongue and groove joints are more advantageous as they require ‘minimal amount of naling and gluing to hold together. I also provides Imlcroscopic seams. Solid strip tlooting Is capable of handling foot trai straight after the installation, instalation of timber floor boards 28) Lay the boards by distributing the end of joints evenly. ») Introck the boards using tongue and groove joints. «) Sand the surface fora smooth finish 6) Frame the tloor by using skirting atthe edge of wal Fgura e+ Tiber foorng nama Yop Orr Eo ‘Groowe profilo “Tongue profile Faw 85 Tongue & poo iaty5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF “The root structure of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee is @ hip rof in an L-shaped ‘orientation. The orginal V-shaped terracota cay tls wore replaced by ‘existing classic Marselle Double terracotta root ties. However, the timber root trusses are original while some had been strengthened with metal brackets to provide better support5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS. Putting he purins are laid along the top chord of roof trusses and secured in their positon by naling through the top chord. Each ofthe purins Keep in an approximate distance of 700mm, Counter Battens Counter Battens are installed perpendicularly to purin in smaller span whichis roughly 15Omm. Battens elevate the root te of the root dock, and this ensures that water drains off he root Galvalume Battens Galvalume battens are often used for its straightness which facitates {004 tiles installation and prevent root sagging. These battens were Installed during previous restoration5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF Installation: 4) Members of root trusses are assembled on site by using diferent connectors. ») Root trusses are hoisted and lad on walls and beams in a span not ‘more than 600mm, ©) Purlins reinstalled across the top chords of oot trusses to lock he root trusses in thelr specific positions, 4) Counter battens are then installed perpendicular tothe purlins. They are nailed through the plywood directly into the raters. ©) GaNvalume battens are then laid perpendicularly across the counter battens 1) Root tiles are lid interiocking to each other.5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS. Foo! trusses are provide suppor in a root structure. They require quick Intalation. Its span can be varied depending on the desig. Acolar beam ' used to mantain the span of rot trusses. ‘There are four types of rot trusses used inthe building: 2) Fink Truss + Collar beam ) PiggyBack Truss + Collar beam ©) ack Truss 6) Truncated Girder Truss5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS. Connections of root truss to wall and beam Both ends of timber trusses ret on the existing wall Some eating timber joists are bull into the existing wall (see fig. 70). The root trusses also Fests on the beams across the building so the load is dstibutod evenly. ‘The jack uss (similar toa halt truss but with an extend top chord ) runs into the hip truss at the hip end. The rafters are the main load bearing ‘elements of the root. They span from the wall plate to the ridge board, providing a plattorm fo the underlay, battens and tes. The double cotar ties are used to connect the rafters by using bolt, preventing them from ‘spreading outwards.5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS. ‘Type of root truss Piggy Back Truss + Collar Bear Fink Truss + Collar Beam Quantity 2 a ‘Span (men) 9208 21289 Elevation = Suppor ‘Tao Type of ot wuss &5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS “ype of roof truss ack russ “Truncated girder truss Quantity 6 2 Span (mm) 19402 21205 Etevation zs a i tS 0 25. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS. @ Fink root russ Piggback wuss © sack russ | Figue 72: Position of root russes5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.1 ROOF TRUSS. Every member of this traditional root truss is individually cut and ‘assembled on site. The members of root trusses are connected by using ‘several types of connectors. The combined usage of connectors can be ‘seen in one roo! truss. For example 4) Three diagonal gussets plates )U shape bracket + Anchor Bolt ©) Wooden Clamp {) Plywood gusset plates held In place with nails 2) Hexagon Botts, Faw 74 Clamp Gon) & U-shapaa back5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.2 ROOF TILES Instead of the traditional coment & mortar, root ties on Wisma Yeap Chor Ee were installed using the Dry Fixing method. This faciltates better ‘overall rot ventilation and thus provides cool comfort and energy saving Marseille Double Teracotta Roo! tiles are interlocked at head and side for ‘maximum protection against the harshest weather and security protection. Its designed to keep water out effectively and atthe same time, make break-ins extremely ificut. The tiles were lid staggered trom the ight to the tet A gue 75 Front ot) en back (gh ft es5. DETAILS 5.4 ROOF 5.4.2 ROOF TILES ‘Other than thal, Marsetle Ventilation ties were also installed across the root slope at the 16th row trom the root ridge. The function of venation tiles iso facitates air low below the root. prevents water condensation ‘and humialy on underside of tes. Fie 7 Leeaton overtones on ot Fue 78 Maral Vontiaton ee &5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW “There are seven lypes of windows in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee. Other than the osthotical values of the colonial windows, theso windows allow air ‘entiation to accommodate the hot and humid weather of Penang. Arched windows are mainly installed on the ground floor and second, This is because the wall of second floor are responsible for transferring load trom {the root tothe ground. By using arched windows, the force exerted by the roof structures spread tangentially to the ends of the arch without exert ‘compressive force on the top of window. Same theory applies to the installation of arched windows on the ground toot.5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW tnstatation 4} instal inber sil on the brickwork ') Build the header accordingly, host into place and serew ito the wall «) Anchor each side of the frame othe wal using conerete screw. 6) Seal gaps between the wooden trame and the concrate by cauk ©) Center the window in the opening and level it with cedar shims to steady the window. 1) Foe the windows by naling, Fee 00 Expo come ot wnow &5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW Connection of Rall and Stiles ‘The site and ral of windows are held together by using mortise and tenon Joint with mitered sticking. Some rail and ste planks come with sticking already molded onto the edge as part of the plank. ge 89:tnon-motie n5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW Connection of murtins ‘The murtin has a hall ap joint where the two murtns fully cross each other perpendicular, This type of connection give an seamless effect without ‘compromising the aesthetical valve of colonial windows, Fue 95: Hala joint 17]5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW ‘Type of windows: Fixed window Double casement window Quantity WH sizes Aram x mm) 16 Top view5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW Type of windows Double casement windows + transom Quantty 2 19 1 rn) 1500 x 2490 1350 25 1905 2724 Lf Tt cl == EI ELL Elevation ‘Top view \ A/T] 7 \ 7 e5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW Type ot windows | ple casomon windows Tepe casement windows ansom Quantity 5 8 ° Wattoaen zr0x 1951 avo x2764 2420x2764 Eloration Top view : HY moo HHG i)5. DETAILS 5.5 WINDOW Type of windows | Tile casoment window + 7 halt circle transom ‘Arched windows: Quantity 5 1 5 ey 2100 x 2850 2410 x 1800 2002 1089 Elevation Top view im rei ned ot5. DETAILS 5.5 D00R In Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, there are nine diferent types of doors that vary from the dimension, type of swings, and the type of transom. The double ‘swing door with transom over is most frequently found in the bulking, Double swing doors with sunburst are mainly used atthe entrance espe cially south west fagade. This is to accomodate the arc shape opening hich functions to transfer the load of building sideways. Most ofthe doors ate painted in reddish-brown wile the doors facing the balconies are nite, Paint prevents termite attacks.5. DETAILS 5.6 D00R Installation 2) Jack studs are nailed on the masonry wall at both sides and top of the opening. ') The jamb of door is nailed on the jack stu. ‘The panels of door are then connected to one end ofthe door jamb by using hinges,5. DETAILS 5.6 D00R ‘Type of windows | Double Swing Door + Transom Double swing door + haf ctte transom Quantity 3 4 16 2 WxH sizes eztouee 1928 x 9760 2682 x 4040 1725 x 3505, 2570x3499 — i L Top view5. DETAILS 5.6 D00R Type ot windows | Open «sunburst Bitolded doors + transom | Bolded doors + sunburst Quantity 1 1 1 WarHeeee 2406 x 9205 259413760 2763x3923 Elevation | Top view : ! : . ‘5. DETAILS 5.6 D00R ‘Type of windows | Double door with single door onthe right Quantity 5 1 WH sizes 2575 x 3535, 2679x3595, Aram x mm) Elevation ro Top view5. DETAILS 5.7 STAIRCASE 57. NNDING ‘The type of stacase that is found in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee isthe quarter ‘double landing staircase. It only has a quarter landing for each fight of 8-11 stops. This landing ofthe staircase is also clasiied under the ltt |ustiied landing. The height ofthe treads and risers of the staircase trom the ground to the fst lor in building are: Fisor Height: 234mm My ‘read Length: 953mm Figure 89: lomotrc of taease5. DETAILS 5.7 STAIRCASE 57.2 HANDRAIL ‘The handrall ofthe staircase is made of timber. Itfollows the pattern of the ‘mid western type of handral, This patter of handrail originated from the United states and became popular during the colonial period. The curve part of the handrail is made by steaming timber betore bending It to the sired shape. In this case itis a sight curve on every quarter landing, ‘The bending of timber is made easy by the method of steamed timber. ‘Timber is usually easily softened by steaming it to a temperature close to boling water. However, the timber isnot steamed overlong period of ime 0 thatthe strength ofthe timber snot affected. The timbers then bent to the desived shape.5. DETAILS 5.7 STAIRCASE 5.7.3 BALUSTRADE ‘The baluster of the stacase fs made of steel, There is also a small part of the baluster of he staircase that is made of timber. The balustrade is made (of 2 diferent types of materials because of i's unique function when the building was stil in use. The timber baluster Is detachable from the staircase, to accomodate the transportation of objects through a pulley system al the middle ofthe staircase, Fue sa Iwo noes tabete usos ®5. DETAILS 5.7 STAIRCASE ‘The balusters connected to the handral by using the sloting method. At the back of the handrail, a inverse U shape hole is created so that the bluster ig able to be slotted in the handrail. IIs then finished up with cement to ensure its durabily. The staitase Is connected to the wall by Using reinforced rebars. The rebars are inserted to the wall and the staircase during the construction process. awe 4 Sng tbat gue 95: Concrete sais wih bat5. DETAILS 5.8 ORNAMENTATION ‘There ate several types of plaster decoration onthe colonal-sylefagades ‘of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee. For example 2) Comice and skiing ») Window Casing ©) Imitated stonework ©) Corbet “There are two working techniques to form the plaster work, namely the running mould method and sunken batten technique.5. DETAILS 5.8 ORNAMENTATION Cornice and Skirting “The cornices which are seen onthe top edges of the beams and wals are formed by using running mould, The running mould is actually made by using a sheet zine mould, mounted on a wooden sedges, whichis used to lide along the fagade. Fue 26 Shitng5. DETAILS 5.8 ORNAMENTATION Running Mould Technique 0 esd 4) Propare two sizes of reverse zine mould with same pater. ; »b) Pro-water the masonry wall for backing ©) Tow on coarse hyérauc mortar, then rn the zine mould across the Bean mortar. re nora 7 lime mortar and reat it with @ que 99: Running nou tehnaue {) Aer 2.8 days of hardening, throw on larger reverse zinc mould5. DETAILS 5.8 ORNAMENTATION ‘On the fagade of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, we can see some imitated stone ‘ork such as keystone, lintel and stone wall. All ese are achloved by Using Portiand coment. This Imitated stone structure fllow the rules for ‘stone mason work. This was created by using sunken batten technique It is achioved by making reverse imprint in the wet mortar. When the battens are removed, imitating pointing of forming edges. and natural stone work io ge 102 Wooden see tom edges &5. DETAILS 5.8 ORNAMENTATION ‘Sunken Batten Technique a) Pre watering the masonry wall ») The wooden framework is fastened on the surface ©) Coarse plaster Is applied and smoothened. Hardening takes two to three days {) Fine mortar is thrown on, plaster is smoothed and glazed. ©) The framework is removed. Spang oe momyont seine gee Sano, eke 7 Drpoe mactar is teams, The Rew semred rates ont ge gue 103: Snkon Baton Technique5. DETAILS 5.8 ORNAMENTATION Corbet “The corbel is cast decoration which Is made gypsum and it attaches to the walls and balconies by using Portland cement. A pair of corbels are located beneath the balconies in pair. They are attached to the horizontal banding ofthe fagade. The corbels in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee do not have ‘structural feature as they are purely aesthetic. gue 108 Batony Figure 105: Coe ©6. MATERIALS 6.1 CONCRETE FLOORING In Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, concrete flooring is used at the ground floor \hich previously tunctioned as warehouse. This kind of lating Is widely Used in late 19th century bullaings such as Penang City Hall Bung, ‘Advantages Concrete tloring ls extrematy tough and resilont, and is able to withstand the pressure from very heavy equipment such as trucks, forks, and sacked crates, thus making it a popular material for hard working ‘commercial area. A sealed and property maintained concrete floor can last for very long period.6. MATERIALS In Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, non porcelain ceramic tes. are used for the Alooing of balconi ‘Advantages NNon-porcelain ceramic tte is among the most economical types of tile looting. The instalation ofa ceramic tie Noor is easy and it ean lay over just about any type of subtloor. Ceramic ties are also abe to withstand heavy foot traffic due to their resistance to abrasion and tread wear. The ‘maintenance of ceramic tle flooring Is a lt easior compared to those natural stone tie flooring, such as marble, Disadvantages: Even with high durability, the surace of ceramic tes wil gradually deteri- ‘orate due to acity in rainwater.6. MATERIALS 6.3 TIMBER Timber is used in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee for the structure of flooring and rooting ‘Advantages Timber flooring has long shell ite it maintenance is properly done. Timber rooting either Chengal or Balau timber) Timber can be easily cut and assembled on site 50 It provides an advantage when it comes to design options. For example, a special root situeture was designed to accomodate the design of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee with a curve ange ‘Timber window frame and doors (red merant timber) ‘Timber window ttames and doors has greater aesthethic valve Disadvantages: ‘Due fo the ight weight nature of timber, noise can be transterted betwoon stories. Timber is also subjected to rt or warp, especialy exposed tothe natural elements. The presence of rotten flor boards in Wisma Yeap Chor Ee are due to long term water stagnant.6. MATERIALS 6.4 BRICK ‘The wall of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee Is constructed by using clay brick arranged in English bonds. These typical old bricks has thickness of 40-60 ‘mm whichis diferent of newer bricks. The colou of brick is nt redish as compare to the bricks nowadays as well ‘Advantages Bricks has great resistance to ike and noise. The properly of thermal Insulation Is better than another building materials tke concrete. The ‘moisture that the brick has absorbed can help to keep the temperature inside the house relatively constant Disadvantages The brick construction will become unstable when the effectiveness of ‘mortar reduces as brick requires a strong aration to remain stable, gue enon bord6. MATERIALS 6.5 LIME In Wisma Yeap Chor Ee, ime mortar, ime plaster ana ime wash were Used. Traces of coment plaster rom the previous repair work can be seen con the wal Advantages Lime allows the bulding to "breathe", whoreby water can escape by evaporation, unlike cement where the only way the water can escape is by being absorbed into the bricks and therefore, risking damp and erosion ot ‘the building substrate. Lime is soft and flexible, thus it allows the building to "move" without cracking and letting water in, unike coment. Disadvantages Lime mortars have an inherent lexibilty which is hard-setting compared to ‘coment mortar. gue 12 pater wall Lime wash Patches of coment pastor from proves ropa work6. MATERIALS 6.6 PORTLAND CEMENT From the 1860s, the Portland Gement turns tobe the dominant material for plaster decoration on facades. Aside being used for decoration, twas also ‘sod as the mortar for brickwork to Keep bricks in their postion. Most of the plaster decorations on facades of Wisma Yeap Chor Ee are made of Portland Cement mortar, for example: cornices, sktings and window casings ‘Advantages: ‘Coment mortar are easily set compared to ime mortar, thus accelerating the constroutlon period. Disadvantages Haine crack wil occur overtime, which encourages the onty of molsture ‘and lead to fracture of coment mortar or rendering @T.CONCLUSION 7.1 CONSERVATION & PRESERVATION “The hertage city ot Georgetown is well-known for its rich collection of tterent building styles, such as Neo-classcal styles, early shop house styl, late modem style and et cetera. On 7 July 2008, much to the pride ot Malaysia, both Georgetown and Malacca were awarded the coveted tlle of Wierld Heritage Sito and were listed under the catergory of Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO World Herltage Comittee. This has uplifted the spit and weltbeing of Penangites. Georgetown has been divided into two ‘zones, namely the butler zone and the core zone aller the UNESCO award, The core zone covers an atea of 109.98 hectares with more than 41700 buildings. On the other hand, the Butler zone covers an area of 150.04 hectares (GTWHI). It plays an imperative role in proctecting the Core zone in terms of development of the city. Commendable efforts by ‘cultural conservationists and NGO's In the 1980's led tothe Inclusion in UNESCO's prestigious list in 1996, it took 12 years of perpertal effort by ‘conservationists and NGO's for Georgelown to be worthy ofthe UNESCO sting gue 16 Core & butler 2on68TCONGLUSION 7.2 GROUP REFLECTION Wisma Yeap Chor Ee is one of the most sophisticated buildings that st remains unaltered by globalization. Bult back in the 1820's the bulding retains i's identity of being a majestic colonial influences building with a fusion of art deco elements. Wisma Yeap Chor Ee has served many diferent functions. From being a storage house, to an att gallery and to appearing in movies, this bullding most certainly does not lack attention To conclude, buildings alike the Wisma should definitely be given more protection and care. Despite facing much diicutes, we managed to ‘overcome these probloms via team work. AS future architect, we realize lour significant role in the preservation and conservation ofthese heritage builaings. Faure 117: Group pate8.0 REFERENCES (2014). Quality and tadition in every step. (pp. 109-125). Stars Technologies. Retioved frm hnto:swwwtts comidocs/Stat_intalation_ ManualFittsCptS.pat ‘Atmad, A. G. (2004) "Understanding Common Building Detects: The Ditapidation Survey Report, Architecture Malaysia: Jounal of tho Malaysian institute of Architects, Volume 16 Issue | pp. 19-21, ‘Art Deco Elements. (r..) Retrived trom: ‘np ardecopb orgiwhats2. html ‘Art Deco Sociely of Weslern Australia (n.d). What is Art Deco? 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United States: Oxtord University Pross OF9.0 APPENDIX INTERIOR OF WISMA YEAP CHOR EE10.GLOSSARY ‘Apox Tho tp o highest point of someting Eniropet: An ntermesary contr of wade and wansshipment Corel: An architectural member that projects om within wal and supports a weight: especially ne estopped upward and outward trom a vettea surface Festoon: Along chain oF stip (suchas lowers or clot) that ls hung 96 deceration CGodown: A warehouse in a county of Souther or Easter Asi Curae: One of a series of ornaments inthe Dore entabltur that fe usualy in ho form ofa fustam of a cone Mercantla: fo relating tothe business of buying and slg product to fear maney : of rlating to trade or merchants ‘Metope: the space between two tglyphs of «Dore eze olen adored wit carved wore Palygany: the stata or precios of being married to more than one person at the sare timo ‘Schooner: hip that has usualy two masts wih the lager mast oeted {toward the centr and the aorta mast toward he front Stovedores: one who works st oF [8 responsibie for loading and unloading ship in port “Tongkang ight wooden boat used commonly inthe ary 19th contr to carry goods along ror in Martine Southeast Asa “Towkay: Sir, mastor. Used as form of adres. [Chinese] Twakows: large, sampan-sive boat “Tiglyph a sghy projecting rectangular tablet in a Dove raze with two vorical channels of V ection and to corresponding charts or halt ‘Whar aft structure thats bul along the shore ofa iver, ocean, le, ‘20 tha hipe can load and unload cargo or passongors