Contents

List of figures Foreword Prologue 1 Documenting the breadth and depth of the problem
Newcomers, beware: brace yourselves cause this aint gonna be easy! How bad is the situation, really? The head-in-the-sand approach: choosing a measure without providing a rationale The dreadful but all too common this measure was used because it has been used before Theyre all the same: interchanging terms referring to substantively different constructs Measures as sacrosanct legacies: sticking with a measure no matter what Internal consistency as the summary index of psychometric merit Armed with easy to use software but no theory: confi rmatory factor analysis misapplied Domain specificity as panacea Conclusion

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2 Untangling the terminological Gordian knot

The differences between affect, emotion, and mood Recognizing the pitfalls of imprecise and inconsistent terminology What is core affect ? What is emotion? What is mood ? What does this mean and why should we care? Conclusion

3 Should affective states be considered as distinct entities or as positioned along dimensions?

Distinct entities or dimensions: why should we care? The distinct-states approach

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Contents
The dimensional approach Russells circumplex model Watson and Tellegens Positive Affect Negative Affect model Thayers two-dimensional model The integrative circumplex of Larsen and Diener The compatibility of contemporary dimensional models The hierarchical structure of the affective domain: an integrative framework Conclusion

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4 Are pleasant and unpleasant states independent or polar opposites?

Questions of bipolarity versus independence: what complexities lurk beneath the surface? The crucial role of methodological factors Evaluative Space Model and emotionally complex situations Neural considerations Current status of the bipolarity versus independence debate What does this all mean and why should we care?

5 Selecting a measure: a proposed three-step process

Justifying the selection of a measure: some examples

6 The old classics: measures of distinct states

The Multiple Affect Adjective Check List The Profi le of Mood States The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

7 Dimensional measures
The Self-Assessment Manikin The Affect Grid The Circular Mood Scale The Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale The Evaluative Space Grid The Semantic Differential Measures of Emotional State The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule The Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List

8 Domain-specific measurement: challenges and solutions

Lack of theoretical basis Domain underrepresentation The troubled notion of domain specificity The sensitivity slippery slope If not domain specificity, then what?

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Contents

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9 Problems of domain specificity: examples from exercise

The Exercise-induced Feeling Inventory The Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale The Physical Activity Affect Scale

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Epilogue References Index

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