W.

Egger

Power Train and Traction

CUAS - EEMS

Basic Drive Boundaries on Engineering Developments of Power Trains

Following points are Basic boundaries on engineering developments of power trains, in respect to the specific behavious of taction systems

1.

On-off-road vehicles well wheel to street traction

Well Rubber tyre to street connections, asphalt or offroad tracks, absolutly rouph and extrem stop and go modes, car and street vehicle tractions are the most stressed actions for traction units, rotating machine-gear differential units ever. Priority of development boundary condition: The most high dynamic and rouphest mode for all components. Stop and go means for electric drives from short circuit conditions fast accelerating to the maximum speed level, by highest dynamic load. Most high efficient PMSM hot frequency converter drives with torque control, water cooled, cheaper drives with air cooled induction machines. ABS EBS.

2.

Railway traction well steel to steel traction

Locomotive the most powerful track bounded e-economic solution. Frequncy conter controlled multi system locomotive are newest forced with induction machines, well coupled in pairs of machine and axis in one boogie. Frequency controlled locomotive means, that the locompotive is powered electrifical over the main single phase AC main transformer and following rectifier, the DC link lines to the three phase me- machine convetrer. Multi system locomotives means that they can work over several different pantographs ( DC or AC, up to four pieces) on different one phase AC grids, 15kV 16 2/3 Hz and 25kV 50Hz and the DC grids by 3000VDC. Trams Trolley busses and subways are DC supplied from 600DC to 1000VDC. Priority of development boundary condition: The M-n chracteristic has to follow the very low friction steel wheel to steel track and the very low slope with EU-normal 3 (4 , maximum 6 , sharper only with teeth wheel middle drive teeth track). There stop and go modes are necessary but with very smooth accelerations and braking for not lossing the friction contact. Mild friction drives.
WE 9. November 2013 PTT basic boundaries of power train engineering.doc Seite 1 von 3

W.Egger

Power Train and Traction

CUAS - EEMS

Very dangerious for the electric converter drives are the friction swingings, the so called friction oscillations, well generating disturbances and harmonics in the electrical machine stators and rotors. Over all the dynamic is mild by maximum power on wheels up to 10MW per locomotive. Aircooled electrical machines, only by hub motors on low terrain trams watercooled. Torque controlled EBS.

3.

Liquid fluid traction well propeller to water traction

Liquid fluid is as liquid medium with ca. 1kg/l or 1000kg/m a very heavy flexible medium. Flexible, that means it avoids mechanical pressure as torque and forces. On the other side cavitation of propellers on high speed outside random areas from blades damages over long runs. Trough that low pressure steam building on outside randoms arises and after that exploding blister damages the blades and roughes the blade surfaces. Therefore in future carbon typed blades will replace brass and bronze props. Low runner propeller with high blade numbers are for efficient runs, high speed propeller and half immersing high speed propellers (offshore racing boat classes) are high cavitating systems but special for gliders. The hydraulic proprtions has approximatly a quadratic behavior from speed to torque (second power), a circa cubic proportion from speed to power (third power).

M~n =>

P~n ... (power by 1,7 ....2.... 2,3 ... experimental)

Propeller machines for boats will be developed also for a special nominal M-nworking point wp. Normally the speed of the driving machine during nominal working running can be varied over the whole range from thero to maximum power of the motors, both directions. Special is by braking the moving mass of the whole water tunnel will generate the propeller and driven the boat further. Propeller brakes are often used. Priority of development boundary condition: The efficient propeller runnings have to be developed over the whole range, but a special better efficient one nominal working point on M-n has to be the focus. A constant run mode for the development can be taken !
WE 9. November 2013 PTT basic boundaries of power train engineering.doc Seite 2 von 3

W.Egger

Power Train and Traction

CUAS - EEMS

Controls normally not necessary but best with efficiency control. So the development of the driving machine & propeller combination has only be optimized to the one efficient working point, but there on highest performance of efficiency. The driving machine can be aircooled or water cooled. Main electric machine type is the PMSM, some times also the cheaper induction machine. The start up phase is not critical to be seen, resonance points has to be analyzed.

4.

Air traction well propeller to air traction

Air as gas medium with ca. 1kg/m has approximatly a quadratic behavior from speed to torque (second power), a circa cubic proportion from speed to power (third power).

M~n =>

P~n ... (power by 1,7 ....2.... 2,3 ... experimental)

From that turboprop engines and propeller engines, helicopter turbines as well, are developed for only one M-n- working point wp and that very exactly. Normally the speed of the driving machine during nominal working running can only be varied by plus minus +- 10% in respect to the maximum power of the motors. Priority of development boundary condition: The working point is only a full constant speed mode! Controls normally not necessary but best with efficiency control. So the development of the driving machine has only be optimized to the one and only working point, but there on highest performance of efficiency. The driving machine is aircooled. Main electric machine type is the PMSM. The start up phase is only critical to be seen in resonance points of the plane - by running up through to the nominal working point .

WE 9. November 2013

PTT basic boundaries of power train engineering.doc

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