Wind-Solar Hybrid Electrical Power Generation System

Project Supervisor: Dr Fida

Group Members
Muhammad Khubaib 100155 Fawad Ahmad 100365 M. Omair Akhtar 100179

Brief Overview
Wind and Solar energy is to charge the same battery

efficiently
Design to operate as a stand alone system Manual cycle driven generator Microcontroller will be used Priorities will be set

Maximum Power Transfer

+
PV CELL

Rin

Vin

DCDC Boost Converter

Ro

Vout I out

By Maximum Power Transfer Theorem R in = R Out

Rin

Vin I in

Vin Vout (1 D)

Rin

1 D Vout
I out 1 D
2

resistance at input

Rin 1 D

Vout I out

Rin 1 D Ro
2

Block Diagram
Solar Panel 100 Watts Charge Controller Battery charging controller DC Load 25 Watts Battery 20 AH Square wave Inverter AC Load 70 Watts

Wind Mill 100 Watts

Single phase Rectifier

Manual cycle driven generator

Priorities
Solar Panel will be given priority Both sources will be used Manually driven cycle generator as backup

Calculation Equations

Calculations

Back up Time for DC load

Power Generated by 100 Watt Panel during 10 Hours = 100W*0.80*10Hours = 800 Wh

Total Power given by battery = 7.1hours * 70 Watts= 497 Wh

So Power left for DC load is = 800Wh 497 Wh = 303 Wh

We can use 30.3 Watts load for 10 Hours

Solar Part Block Diagram

DC-Load MPPT

Solar panel

DC-DC Boost Converter

Battery charging controller

Battery

Voltage and Current sensing Circuit

u-controller Duty cycle

AC LOAD

MPPT
Why MPPT is needed? Power supplied by Panel Vary within the day. To track max power and transfer it to the load side.

Current and Voltage Sensing Circuitry

DC-DC Boost Converter

Boost converter is designed such a way that it maximum power is transferred
Max power transfer is done by impedance matching.

Voltage vs Duty Cycle Graph

Output Voltage

Vin Vout (1 D) Equation Used Vin Vout (1 D )

Current vs Voltage Graph

MPP

PIC Micro-controller
I-V relationship used to track maximum power
PIC output will be given as input to transistor of boost

converter
Algorithm designed to track max power by changing Duty

cycle D.
PIC microcontroller

Algorithms to Track Max. Power Point

Perturb & Observation

Method.

Incremental Conductance

Method.

Perturb & Observation Method

Modifying the panel voltage is done by modifying

the converter duty cycle

The basic algorithm uses a fixed step to increase or

decrease voltage
The size of the step determines the size of the

deviation while oscillating about the MPP

P & O Algorithm
START DUTY / =50%

Increase duty cycle No

Decrease duty cycle

> 1

No

> 1

Yes

Yes

Increase Voltage or Increase Duty cycle

Decrease Voltage or Decrease Duty cycle Pk = Current power reading Pk-1 = Previous power reading

Design of ADC and PWM Module

Design of ADC and PWM Module

Voltage Oscillation step size= 12v-11.90v = .1 V
Operating point MPP Duty cycle Solar panel Voltage 12v So Voltage Oscillation step > ADC Resolution

Equation used Output Voltage 24v = (1 ) = (1 )

Duty cycle step .392%

50%

oscillation

50.392%

11.9v

24v

.392%

Design of Boost converter

Code
unsigned int volt,curent,power; void main() { short duty = 0; //initial value for duty ADCON1 = 0xFF; TRISA = 0xFF; PWM1_Init(1000); //Initialize PWM1 PWM1_Start(); //start PWM1 PWM1_Set_Duty(duty); //Set current duty for PWM1 volt = ADC_Read(1); curent = ADC_Read(2); power = volt*curent; if (volt>PORTB && duty<250 && power>PORTC) { Delay_ms(40); duty = duty + 1; //increment current_duty PWM1_Set_Duty(duty); //Change the duty cycle } else if (volt<PORTB && duty >0 && power>PORTB) { Delay_ms(40); duty = duty - 1; //decrement duty PWM1_Set_Duty(duty); } Delay_ms(10); // slow down change pace a little PORTB=volt; PORTC=power; }

Battery Charging Controller

Square Wave Inverter

Timeline
Work Completed
Battery Charging Controller
Calculations for charging current, charging time and backup time Current and voltage sensors

Square wave inverter

Coding of microcontroller

Work Under Progress

Designing of boost converter

Timeline
Work to be done
Selection of generator for wind mill Selection of manual cycle driven generator

Designing to work as a hybrid system

Thank You