Using Torques: How Is Your Posture Affected When You Have Picked Up A Heavy Bag To Carry in Your Right Hand?

How is your posture affected when you have picked up a heavy bag to carry in your right hand?
1. You bend y your body y to the right. 2. You stick out your left arm. 3. Your posture changes in some other way. 50% 4. Your posture is unchanged.
28% 20%
Todays lecture covers: Centre of mass Multiple torques acting on a body Equilibrium
3%
Preparation: Read Biological Physics 4.4 -4.6

...
ou t.
yo ur
c.
st ur
st ic
nd
be
po
Yo
ur
Yo
Yo
Yo
ur
po
st
ur
i ..
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...
Torque depends on where force acts
Q: Where does weight act? A: At centre of mass
Using Torques
... Teaching Initiative UMass Amherst Biochemistry
Q: Where is that? A:
4
...
Which of the following statements best describes the centre of mass of an object?
a. It is the point where all the mass is concentrated. b It is the b. h point where h gravity may be taken as acting on the object. c. It is in the middle of the object. d. It must be determined by experiments.
63%
eg: Torque due to Weight of Extended Rigid Body

Weight of body acts through h h CM of f body. b d
CM pivot W
28% 5%
po in ... po in ... ...
3%
direction of torque
th e
th e
th e
in
It
It
It
m us t
is
is
is
be
de t.. .
...
...
6
[Walker Example 11-3]
Centre of Mass
Average position of mass An extended body is a system of many particles.
It
The centre of mass of the high-jumper pictured is closest to the place labelled: y
1 2 3 x
xCM =
m1 x1 + ... + mn x n m1 + ... + mn
yCM =
m1 y1 + ... + mn yn m1 + ... + mn
4
50% 50%
At bodys geometric centre, if body has uniform density (mass distributed uniformly through it) The point where a body can balance if supported there.
...
7
0%
0%
1. 2. 3. 4.
...
[http://www.coachr.org/rotation.htm]
eg: Balancing
eg: Balancing
CM
...
...
1 0
Extended Body in Equilibrium

A body is in equilibrium if it has: no translational acceleration & no rotational acceleration due to the nett effect of the individual forces (& hence torques) acting on the body.
eg: Swinging back to stable position
CM
CM
...
1 1
...
[Walker Fig 11-8]
1 2
Problem-solving Strategy for Extended Body in Equilibrium

Identify the body that is in equilibrium.
List all external forces acting on it. Draw diagram D di showing h i th these (how large, what direction, where). Choose co-ordinate axes. Resolve each force into its components. Use condition that F=0 in each co-ordinate direction.
Plank is in static equilibrium. Uniform plank: M = 7.00 kg 4.00 m long
0.45 m
1.50 m
Choose a rotation axis (preferably where unknown force acts). For each force, determine the torque produced about this axis. Use condition that =0.
Rearrange to obtain the unknown.

...
1 3
[Adapted from Walker Active Example 11-2]
...
1 4

F2 mg
F1
0.45 m
1.50 m
0.45 m
Mg
1.50 m
...
1 5
...
1 6
When cat is 0.10m from end of plank, it just begins to tip. How heavy is the cat?
* Plank is just in equilibrium. * No contact with LH sawhorse.
...
1 7
...
1 8
F2 mg
F2 mg
Mg
Mg
...
1 9
...
2 0
eg: Walking
[Davidovits 1.7]
eg: Limping Walking with injured hip

[Davidovits 1.7.1]
At the instant when 1 foot is on ground, (equilibrium) forces acting on leg are: Hip stabilised in socket by group of muscles Fm = 1.6xW muscles, 1 6xW Weight of entire leg, WL=0.19xW FR at hip joint = 2.4xW Normal force, N=W Simple model:
Show that limping posture reduces forces on hip.
Fm
FR
7.0 cm
Fm
FR
5 6 cm 5.6
WL WL N N
...
2 1
10 cm
...
2 2
eg: Limping
+y +x
eg: Limping
F = 0
Forces acting & torques about top of leg 0 torque F = Fm y

~ m ~ R ~ L ~
= FR y = 0.19Wy
FR 7.0cm WL 5.6cm = 0.19W 5.6cm N 10cm = W 10cm
= 0
N = Wy
...
2 3
...
2 4
How is your posture affected when you pick up a heavy bag to carry in your right hand?
1. You bend y your body y to the right. 2. You stick out your left arm. 3. Your posture changes in some other way. 4. Your posture is unchanged.
Summing Up
After this lecture you should be able to:

Calculate torque due to weight acting through CM Analyse body subjected to multiple torques Apply equilibrium conditions
Supplementary questions:
Biological Physics Problems 4.3 [(a)50N (b) 64N (c)114N] 4.9 [(a) 350N (b) 0.92m]
Next time:
Energy
...
2 5 2 6
...

Using Torques: How Is Your Posture Affected When You Have Picked Up A Heavy Bag To Carry in Your Right Hand?

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How is your posture affected when you have picked up a heavy bag to carry in your right hand?

Preparation: Read Biological Physics 4.4 -4.6

Torque depends on where force acts

Q: Where does weight act? A: At centre of mass

eg: Torque due to Weight of Extended Rigid Body

Extended Body in Equilibrium

eg: Swinging back to stable position

[Walker Fig 11-8]

Problem-solving Strategy for Extended Body in Equilibrium

Plank is in static equilibrium. Uniform plank: M = 7.00 kg 4.00 m long

Rearrange to obtain the unknown.

[Adapted from Walker Active Example 11-2]

Plank is in static equilibrium. Uniform plank: M = 7.00 kg 4.00 m long

Plank is in static equilibrium. Uniform plank: M = 7.00 kg 4.00 m long

eg: Limping Walking with injured hip

Show that limping posture reduces forces on hip.

Forces acting & torques about top of leg 0 torque F = Fm y

FR 7.0cm WL 5.6cm = 0.19W 5.6cm N 10cm = W 10cm

After this lecture you should be able to:

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