Pigging for Corrosion Control & Program Development

Lloyd Pirtle Sales Manager, Integrity Services TDW Services, Inc.

Bio - Lloyd Pirtle

Title: Sales Manager, Integrity Services Dept, PIPS Division Texas A & M Graduate, Bachelor of Science 1982 Operations, Sale Management & Field Sales in the Piping Systems industry since 1986. Experience in Exploration & Production, Transmission, Gas Distribution, Water/Wastewater, Nuclear & Fossil Power, Chemical & Petrochemical & Industrial. 10 years - valve manufacturer and 15 years - TD Williamson in various capacities including product and service technical support as well as operations. Six of the last eleven years as part of TDWs Pipeline Integrity Products & Services Division.

Outline Outline
What is Pipeline Pigging ? Pig Types

Why Pig ?
Basics Systems

Pig Enhancements
Cleaning Options Benefits of Line Cleaning

Pipeline Contents Analysis

Objectives Pipeline Design

Waste Disposal
System Parameters References & Training

What is Pipeline Pigging ?

Methodology developed decades ago which incorporates inserting a device of some type into a pipeline segment with the intended objective

fitting into one of the following categories.

Pipeline Cleaning

Product Batching
Product Displacement Pipeline Inspection

Why Pig ?
Cleaning
Corrosion Control - removal of undesirable materials Improve operating efficiency - savings in pump or compressor fuel

Batching
Product separation Fuels, crudes, etc Slugging Operations Cleaning, Biocides, Inhibitors, etc

Displacement
Commissioning/Decommissioning Conversions

Inspection Tools
Geometry, Metal Loss, Cracks, Mapping

Benefits of Maintenance Pigging

a) Increases & Maintains

c) Removes unwanted or corrosive materials Throughput/Efficiency H2O b) Prepares Pipeline for In-Line CO2 Inspection O2 Prevents Tool Damage Salts & Acids Collection of Critical Data Rust & Scale Hydrogen Sulfide Reduces Project Cost Black Powder Miscellaneous
* NORMS, PCBs, other liquids, sand, etc

Start at the Beginning

Always Ask yourself the following Questions
Is the line piggable in its current condition ?

What is my objective ?
How much system pressure should be available to pig ? How much Differential should I use ? How much Back Pressure do I Need ? What is the line flow ?

What is the best pig velocity in this application ?

Does the media make a difference relative to processes ? Will temperature affect pigging effectiveness ?

What pig or pigs should I use ?

TDW Pipeline Services

TDW Pipeline Cleaning Questionnaire Request-A-Quote Form

To help us better serve you, please complete the form and return to TDW Services. Company: Address: Contact: E-Mail: Required Information Project Description: City: Date: State: Phone: Country: Fax:

TDW Services, Inc.

Form No: PC 2/02 Date: January 2007 Supersedes: 1/01

Design Code: Product in Service: New Pipeline: Gas, Oil, etc. Yes

31.4

31.8

DOT.192

DOT.195 Yes

Other: No Yes No

Chemical Analysis Available: No Existing Pipeline: Yes No

Change of Service:

How long has the pipeline been in service ? Project Location: Onshore: Offshore:

Pipeline Size: Valve Type: KaliperTM Inspection Required: Operating Temp: Yes

Pipe Length: Number of Valves: No

Wall Thickness(es): Side Connectors: Minimum Bend Radius (indicate radius & degree of bend):

Min.

Max.

Operating Press:

Launcher/Receiver Installed:

Yes

No

Pipeline Profile Avail.:

Yes

No

Launcher Receiver Dimensions: Total Length (Feet/Inches): Oversize Barrel Length: Nominal Pipe Size Length: Kicker Line Size: Drain Line Size: Work Area Footprint:

Filling out data sheets is a critical step in the planning process and must be thoroughly filled out if good results are expected

The Perfect Pipeline is

Perfectly Straight Perfectly Round A Constant Inside Diameter Smooth on the Inside Surface Void of Internal Coatings Void of Weld Penetration Void of Chill Rings Void of Tees/Laterals Void of Valves Pumping a light grade oil at a speed of 3ft/second

Unfortunately, it doesnt exist

Pipeline Preparation
Design Considerations
Pipeline Dimensions Length, wt, pipe ID Pipeline Materials Coatings, 70s ERW, Seamless Bends Miters, Short or Long Radius, Factory or Field Reducers Concentric/Eccentric Tees Sizes, Flows, Barred/Unbarred Stopple Fittings/Tees Piggable Plugs installed Valves Appropriate design Launchers/Receivers Manufactured per design specs

How Often Should You Pig ?

Always Ask yourself the following Questions
How much Liquid (gals/bls) are you removing from a pipeline segment ? e.g. (condensates, Glycol, water, comp oil) How much particulate are you removing from filters on the pipeline segment ? e.g. (sand, silt, ferrous materials, paraffin) How corrosive is the specific pipeline segment environment ? e.g. (bacteria, water, O2)

What is the dewpoint specification in the gas stream of the pipeline segment in question ?
How much corrosion already exists in the pipeline segment ?

Progressive Pigging
Is the most effective pigging process
The more unknowns that exist in a pipeline segment, the less intrusive the initial pig run should be start gently & graduate to increasingly more aggressive pigs. Example
1) Light Foam Pigs (2# Foam) 2) Foam Pig (5 to 9# Foam) 3) Foam Pig with Bristles 4) All Urethane Bodied Pigs 5) Steel bodied Mandrel Pig W/ Blades 6) Steel bodied Mandrel Pig W/ Brushes 7) Train Pig W/ Cups, Discs, Blades, Brushes, Magnets, etc 8) Dummy Pig w/ Magnets 9) ILI Tools 10) Inhibitor Pigging 11) Biocide treatment

Some Geometry Tools Can Verify Line Condition!

Detectable Pipeline Features

Bends Valves Wall thickness changes Tees Taps Girth Welds - Dents - Ovalities - Other - Misalignments - Mitre Bends - Wrinkles/Buckles For Example:

Pigging Products

Pig Tracking & Locating Systems Launchers/Receivers/Pigging Systems Closures Threaded & Clamp Ring Pigs Cleaning, Dewatering, Drying Mechanical/Non-Intrusive Pig Signals

Types of Pigs

Select A Pig For Cleaning Applications

The best choice is a pig with discs, conical cups, brushes and bypass ports Discs are effective at pushing out solids while also providing good support for the pig. Conical cups provide excellent sealing characteristics, good support and long wear. Spring mounted brushes provide continuous forceful scraping for removal of rust, scale and other build-ups on the pipe wall. Bypass ports allow some of the flow to bypass through the pig and helps minimize solids build-up in front of the pig. Also used for slowing the speed of the pig down.

Pipeline Cleaning Choices

Dry Mechanical Pigging
* Caution Debris can ignite on contact w/ O2 Black Powder Difficult to remove some debris (especially fine particles) Various pigs, Tubs, Drums, Filters

Detergent Enhanced Pigging

More effective at removing solids Water or Diesel as Base solution Wet film left behind

Offline
Virtually complete control of pig velocity Can make more pig runs Cash Register off

Online
Convenience of being On-stream In Gas, requires separation Cash Register Running Pig Velocity Control ??

Line Cleanliness is Critical

MFL Tools are the best & most expensive cleaning pigs available. Sensor Lift Off will reduce the intensity of the magnetic signal and will affect data quality.

You dont want MFL Tools to be a Cleaning Pig!

Typical results of using mechanical brush cleaning pigs for removal of black powder

Effective results of using cleaning fluids and brush pigs with RealSeal Cups.

Pipeline Cleaning
Magnetic Cleaning Pig for

Ferrous Materials
Debris such as welding rods, bolts, tools, etc., is very difficult to remove with conventional pigs as the pigs typically push these objects for some distance and then ride over them. The removal of this type of debris is a must before attempting to run Corrosion Inspection Pigs.

Pig Train

Ideal for Aggressive Cleaning

Dummy / Magnet Tool

(Gauging Plate incorporated)

Ideal for pre-Inline Inspection or very Aggressive Cleaning

Unique Pig Enhancements

Pigs can typically be configured to accommodate back to back laterals by lengthening the pig to avoid modification of the laterals

Bypass Ports can be Very Effective

Inhibitor Spray Pig

How are dependable cleaning results achieved ?

Teamwork - Pipeline Operator working together to achieve success from start to finish Preparation (system preparation, cleaning, geometry, pressures, flows, etc) Selection and execution of appropriate tools Implement appropriate action based on findings Documented results

Summary
Many pipelines can be made piggable with readily available components System information is critical when preparing for InLine Inspection or any other assessment method. Pipeline Cleaning is a critical part of improving efficiency & preventing corrosion Tools Have Strengths & Limitations. apply the right tool for the right job. We need to

Training Schools
SGA / Battelle Clarion Pipeline Pigging Course TDW Pigging School NACE International Oklahoma University Corrosion Course

Published References
Gulf Publishing Company Pipeline Pigging Technology Pipe Line Rules of Thumb Handbook Pigging Products & Services Association Guide to Pigging

Questions ?