Valencia

Rocket Report
Alfonso Valencia Academy of Math, Engineering & Science A4 Mrs. Hendricks

Valencia Abstract This Report consists of finding engine thrust analysis. Using the analysis of finding out what rocket engine we had. Drag force, measuring how much force is pushing back. Putting all these together in a numerical model to better help predicting how high the rocket would shoot up. The predicted measurements of how high the rockets went, based off all of them having the same drag coefficient of .0015. Silver Rocket: C6: 101 m B6: 43.77 m A8: 19 m Big White Rocket: C6: 103 m B6: 48.36 m A8: 19.97 m Small White Rocket: ! A3: 13 m The Actual measurements were for the rockets launched. Silver: B6: 57 m Big White rocket C6: 147 m B6: 68 m Small Rocket 1/2 A 3: 23 m

Valencia Introduction This report was to launch rockets and create accurate predictions of there heights. Using kinematics, dynamics to figure out impulse, momentum, drag force, and drag coefficient. Kinematics is the study of motion, Dynamics the study of forces that causes an object to move. Impulse is the product of the average force multiplied by the time it is exerted, Momentum mass in motion is the product of mass multiplied by velocity, Drag Force the force pushing back in the opposite direction of a traveling object, Drag Coefficient is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object its used in the equation. Momentum impulse derived a="v/t a!t= "v= v-v# m!a!t= m!v-m!vo Fnett= m!v-m!vo=p-po impulse= "p

The use of Numerical Iteration allowed for the graph so be sectioned and broken up into time intervals, so that any one-time intervals are constant. The different rockets being used are A8, B6, C6, and ! A3. The Letter is total impulse, the impulses are A=2.5 n/s, B=5 n/s, c=10 n/s... etc. each letter after doubling the previous impulse, the number is the average thrust.

Valencia Engine Thrust Analysis The Engine Thrust Analysis was a lab to show the Thrust force as a function of time for the rockets. This will allow the height to be measured every 1/10th of a second. The

measurements were made using a device that measures the push and pull forces. This devise was then secured to a track and a carton hook up to it with a rocket in the carton. This device recorded its data to a connected graphing calculator using the program Datamate.

The program gages were zeroed out to make set up as if it were level. It was then set to take 70 samples at 1/10th of a second. The threshold was set to -1, because the data reads a negative when being push and positive being pulled. The triggering point was set to 2 decreasing. The rocket is then ignited and the program recorded the data into a graph as force over time.

These graphs can then help determine average thrust, and what rocket it is, by taking its thrust force and multiplying it by its duration of time, equaling its Impulse. Standard rocket engine impulses come in A=2.5N/second, B=5N/second, C=10N/second, D=20N/second, and so on doubling each time.

Valencia Drag Force (Air Resistance) Calculating the air resistance or in other words drag force, in this lab first starts with the equation f=kv2. To find the F, the rocket that's mass is 61g converted to .061kg is placed into a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel blows evenly distributed wind due to the honeycombed filter at 15m/s. The rocket is attached to a string in front of a protractor at 90 degrees. When the wind tunnel is turned on, it shows the air resistance has pushed it back about 30 degrees from 90degrees.

Using another equation F= mgsin/ cos, plugging in the known information .0619.8sin30/cos30=F F=.34 using the F back in the first equation .34=k152 solving for k .34/152 =.0015 K is the drag coefficient k=.0015 , because of not having a bigger wind tunnel all rockets are assumed to have to same drag coefficient.

Valencia Numerical Model The numerical model helps predict a more accurate height the rocket will reach. Using the graphs from the engine thrusts, the graph is broken up into 1/10 of second intervals. To be used as a constant speed of that interval. The time and thrust are then put into columns by time that corresponds by thrust. These are the put into a series of formulas to derive the final height. The formulas are average thrust, drag force, average net force, average net impulse, initial velocity, final velocity, average velocity, and then final height. Repeating this in every 1/10 of second interval. Average thrust= (Thr1+Thr2)/2 Drag force= (using prior Vf) (Fd=Kd V2) Average net force= (Thravg-MG-Fd) Average net impulse= (Fnet"T) Initial velocity= (= last rows Vf) Final velocity= (Vi+Fnet"T/M) Average velocity= (Vi+Vf)/2 Final height= (H+Vavg"T)

When all the time intervals are done being numerically modeled, the rockets height it the largest number in the final heights column. Drag force is important because if there were no drag force then simple rockets, such as the 1/2 a3 would have such an unbelievable max height. That only gravity alone can pull it back down, making the predictions impossible. The predicted numbers were: Silver Rocket: C6: 101 m B6: 43.77 m A8: 19 m Big White Rocket: C6: 103 m B6: 48.36 m A8: 19.97 m Small White Rocket: ! A3: 13 m

Valencia Flight results Gathering the final height of the rockets launched, three people we're need, to lower the chance for error because rockets rarely fly straight up. The three students were all equally the same distance from the rocket. Using a protractor with a free hanging string, when the rockets are launch the three students at different position, sight the base of the protractor to the max height and record the angle of degrees from 90 degrees. The distance from the rocket and angle are then used in Tan$= opp/ adj then turned to adj(tan$)+ height of eye to get the height. Using all three of the numbers averaging them out to get a more accurate height. White rocket B-6= (60+50+50)/3 =53 actual = 68 C-6=(80+65+70)/3 =49 actual = 59 Silver rocket B-6=(58+40+50)/3 =71 actual= 147 Small white rocket ! A-3=(24+20+25)/3 =23 actual= 23

Valencia Conclusion Predicted: Silver rocket B6: 43.77 m White rocket C6: 103 m B6: 48.36 m Small white rocket ! A3: 13 m actual= 23 actual = 59 actual = 68 actual= 147 Actual:

The results do not match for three main reasons, first all of the predicted rockets were based off the same drag coefficient, second large amount of room for human error, and third outside conditions are not constant. Some things that could be done next time; put each individual rocket in the wind tunnel to calculate the drag coefficient, and use more precise equipment to lower chances of human error. Reflection I feel that this project made me gain a better understanding of physics because its taken something hard, and broken it up in to series and steps. Making each step into easier and simpler problems. In writing this paper I found it difficult because I had missed a couple of labs due to health problems, but I was able to get class notes and figure it out to the best of my knowledge.