Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY
HONEY NURHAYATI
Registration Number: 20.111.140
English Department
BY
HONEY NURHAYATI
English Department
Approved by:
H. Mundari Muhada, Drs., Dipl.TEFL EM. Endang Sri Sulastri, Dra,M. Hum
First Sponsor Second Sponsor
Alhamdullilah with the name of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most
Gracious, the writer has finally finished her paper entitled “The Innovative
Reog Ponorogo as One of the Tourist Attractions in East Java”. This paper
examination.
Naturally, in writing this paper, the writer has found some difficulties
not only applying the English but also in collecting the data; however,
under the help and guidance of her supervisors, this paper has finally
In this occasion the writer would like to express her gratitude to Mr.
H. Mundari Muhada, Drs., Dipl. TEFL, as her first sponsor and Mrs. EM.
Endang Sri Sulastri, Dra,M. Hum, as her second sponsor for their valuable
guidence in correcting her paper. She would also like to express her
gratitude to:
Bandung,
3. The lecturers, who have taught her during her study in STBA,
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4. The staffs of STBA Library,
5. Her beloved parents who have given spirit and financial support during
7. Her husband R. Imam Jati Prabowo AMD., for his favor and support
8. Her best friend Fanny, Astrid, Tessy, Farida, Herlina, Ratih, who have
Finally, the writer hopes that all what she has presented in this
paper will be useful for the readers and anyone who is interested in foreign
The Writer
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.....................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.....................................................................1
JAVA....................................................................................14
iii
3.2.2 The Arrangement Musical Instrument......................18
to Time................................................................................................21
Indipendence...........................................................21
Indipendence...........................................................23
Ponorogo in Society................................................28
4.1 Conclusions..........................................................................................36
4.2 Suggestions..........................................................................................37
SYNOPSIS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
iv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Ponorogo, which has just been established. In this case, the writer has
with its innovation. Besides, tourist attraction has also another important
role such as: to increase the capital of city and to make a new
1
2
the topic of this paper. The writer, however, has taken the topic The
dance and musical instrument and Reog Ponorogo has them all. It
1.1.2. the writer also intends to make Reog Ponorogo attraction better
1.2.1. this kind of paper should be written by every student of the English
examination,
3
that can be wisely discussed in this paper. The writer however, has
limited her research only on the aspects of Reog Ponorogo as one of the
tourist attractions. This is due to the fact that to get much wider horizon
the aspects of Reog Ponorogo that will be discussed here are the history
the tourist attraction, the government effort and the regency’s role in
developing the attraction, and the organization that handles and monitor
In writing her essay and carrying out the research to obtain the
data and information about the innovative Reog Ponorogo as One of the
4
factually and accurately. To collect the data, the writer has used several
techniques as follows:
Ponorogo,
1.4.2. direct interview with Reog Ponorogo team and staff to gain the
In this chapter the writer presents what she is going to write including the
purposes of writing the paper, the reasons for choosing the topic,
places and attractions, and the traditional food available at the regency
In this chapter the writer describes the history of Reog Ponorogo, the
This part provides the conclusion and suggestion on what the writer has
sources and chronicles, thus the truth of its history especially concerning
and Ki Ageng Mirah has been known in chronicle of Java. Therefore, the
sources derived from the fact of folktale. The name of Ponorogo is taken
and when he died, the body disappeared at the Land of Java. That is
why the city was named Ponorogo whereas the word derives from Prono
celebrated the city’s 526th anniversary. They also celebrate the big
regency is famous with its traditional art namely Reog Ponorogo and its
6
7
Pacitan Regencies at the south, and Pacitan and Wonogiri (Central Java
(village chief)), 277 villages, and 1.018 dusuns (village far from urban
Java Province. The width of the area is 22.31 Km with the population of
and they are Wilis Volcanic at the east, South Beach Pleat at the south,
Wilis and Lawu Volcanic ones. Ponorogo City is situated at the Lowland
This regency has various natural resources in the form of mineral such
8
lime (at Sampung Sub-district) and trass (at Sooko and Ngrayun Sub-
districts).
density level is 614 people per km2 (1998). The most densely populated
is Ponorogo Sub-district (3.194 people per km2) and the least one is
Ngrayun Sub-district (274 people per km2). Most society earns their living
monastery or nunnery).
University, Merdeka University, and there are still many other Muslim
boarding schools.
(401.541 tons), mung bean (3.129 tons), and soybean (33.328 tons).
hectares, the widest plantation is palm one (9.886 hectares) with the
coffee, 190 tons of cloves, and 25.3779 tons tobacco. Woods crops are
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maleleuca, gondorukem (tree that provides resin used for caulking, soap,
6.750 of entoks (Manila duck). The bigger one such as horses and cows
This area has 9 big industries, 37 middle industries, and 361 small
furniture.
bullock cart).
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Its Surrounding
Ponorogo, there are other interesting tourist objects that can be enjoyed.
Regency.
Nganjuk Regency are the tourist objects that mostly visited by domestic
tourists at the certain days especially of Hari Raya Idul Fitri atau other
holidays.
main dancer put the giant-shaped mask on his face. This giant mask is
held by using his strong biting teeth, not to mention sometimes there is a
little child, even teenager, put on the mask on the sitting position.
famous folk dance called Tari Remo. This dance is often performed
before the staging of Ludruk (East Java folk theater in which all parts are
12
played by men). Usually the dancer sings a song called Jula-Juli that
or other advices. In Madura, there are many dancing reviving the life of
fishermen who struggle for life at the open sea and on Banyuwangi, the
case, the calendar used is some kind of Javanese traditional one called
Pranata Mangsa. In the calendar, Kasodo is the 12th month. At that time,
Tengger society carries their harvest and cattle to the top of Mount
thundering sound of the volcano crater. It gives the special attraction for
both domestic and foreign tourists. Besides that, there is also other
visit for the tourists, typical traditional food has become one of the
important elements in tourism. The typical foods are also found at the
made from rice flour and brown sugar added some special ingredients by
the seller so that the taste is very good. There is also most the most
famous typical food at the regency called Sate Ayam (small pieces of
chicken meat roasted on skewer) whereas the seller called Mr. Bagong.
Jenang Jetis atau dodol (taffy made of sticky rice, coconut milk, and
palm sugar) is another typical one which is made of gula aren (sugar
derived from sap of arenga palm). Nasi pecel consists of the combination
of vegetables peanut flavor with very typical taste. Madiun, one of the
cities in East Java, has also mixed nice pecel like the one at Ponorogo,
but the taste has rather different with one another. Other typical food is
brem namely some kind of hors d’œuvres made of the essence of tape
are considered necessary to adjust the activity and creativity with the
guidance for the society in fostering and building the loving of national
culture.
national level. The art of Reog Ponorogo is the traditional one with full of
historical and legendary values that have grown and developed since a
long time ago until now. It becomes not only local but also national
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15
power. He had not carried out his royal duties orderly since the king was
culture of Rikuh Pakuweh was very strong in the mind of the society in
was an effective and efficient media that brought the positive impact with
strengthen himself with well-trained troops of war and the Waroks with
supernatural powers. That was the beginning story of the origin of Reog
Ponorogo in the form of set of merak (peacock) and jatilan as the satire
among the society of Ponorogo even it was believed that the story was
really happened.
beads to recite the laudation) at the beak edge of peacock while the
for the holy man who first brought Islam to Java) Kalijaga used the art of
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time most of them were Hindus and Buddhists. Likewise the instruments
Islam (pillars of Islam) namely sholat wajib 5 waktu (Islamic ritual prayers
and actions performed five times daily) with the sum of rakaat (essential
Gender Gambang and Siter, Rebab from Arabic word, Suling, and Gong.
remind us to pray to Allah daily for 17 rakaat. The instruments are one
Ketipung, one Trompet, one Kempul, two Kethuk Kenongs, and four
Angklungs.
Samandiman.
Reog Ponorogo’s gamelan is the sound could move the soul and heart of
shape and in tones as well as its scale. For example, the shape and size
bigger and longer and it also uses strong tutup belulang so that when it
is striken, it could move anyone’s heart who hears it. Likewise the sound
Ponorogo that can give the society life guidance through its performance.
19
ancestors in the form of traditional art. It is the folk art that cannot be
performance that gives guidance for the surrounding society, and also
the guidance for the society who owns the art as a motivation so that he
or she has a typical pride and particular sense of belonging to the people
of Ponorogo with their motto Science, Technology, Religion, and Art, Our
performance of Reog Ponorogo are two old Warok, young Warok, two
dancing) then the sum can change according to necessity. The dances
that support the performance for Reog Ponorogo is divided into 3 namely
Without the support from the suitable costumes and make up, the
several colors namely black, red, white and yellow. These colors have
heroic dancing. White means the bravery based on the holy aim and
cannot only see the beauty of the performers and performance but also
21
the people gathered, the more suspicious the imperialists would be and
at last the performance was forbidden at all and for who violated the rule,
two types of Warok, the true Warok and the Warokan. It is also a
authentic one that has the soul of noble warrior and acts without self-
interest while the Warokan uses his supernatural powers for his own
Warok culture derives its power. This axis, which these two contrasting
leader and activist. The negative image, which the indigenous elite and
colonial officials associated with the Warok, was in part an effect of the
sense of honor. All impeded the formation of the colonial state. Due to its
prohibited Reog performance from 1912 until 1932. One of the Dutch
According to the tourism world, the security factor is the most important
part of Indonesia which had experienced the decline, the same as other
tourist attraction with the aim at restoring the image of the attraction as a
The art of Reog Ponorogo nowadays is the last form of the long
time created the arts of toy elephant and toy camel and all happened at
Communism) whereas PKI dominated the art with its Front of Reog
Panorogo. After PKI was prohibited and dissolved, then the art of Reog
planned by New Order Government. It was just that there was not in one
positive response from the local society and there were built monuments
from various sciences, and dance and making-up experts that united and
Reog Ponorogo dalam pentas budaya bangsa (Basic Guidance for the
consisted of men. Yet, along with the advance of age, there was any
and esthetic so that it does not ruin the image of Reog Ponorogo itself. A
long time ago, Jathilan was played by male dancers acted like female
powder of meni. But along with the advance of make-up of face and
considered to the health and beauty, there are many types of equipment
for cleansing the skin produced by cosmetic companies. They are among
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others: cleansing, cotton, toner, under make up, foundation, yellow dry
powder, compact powder, and eye brow pencil, eye shadow with many
colors, blush on, curved eyelashes, yellow base powder, and lipstick, but
such modern equipment and material are only used for those who can
afford them. If they cannot afford to buy the modern make up, they can
use any kind of make up as long as the make up does not decrease the
Party took over the strategic points in Madiun to the northern part of
the recruitment of local strongmen was meant that the Warok found a
27
ready place for the party hierarchy. The ability of Reog to attract a large
religious boarding school. Under the New Order, the communist affiliated
troupes came under immediate suspicion, and many of them were not
unable to kill several Waroks affiliated the Communist Party due to their
direct means.
seen at the dancer whereas women are allowed to perform the dance of
Reog and it still continues until now. It is also hoped that the
28
Reog Ponorogo and the tourist attraction has a particular point in the
a Tourist Attraction
has faced the burdens in its development and we could see from the
details below:
basis of gender. This quite naturally led to intense, but not necessarily
religious boarding school in the area have long been renowned for
learning process.
5. At the beginning of the late 1950’s and 1960’s, some reog troupes
The state carries out the educational system that has played a
selflessly served their Warok. Now they are afraid of asking for
when situated within historical context in which reog and Warok culture
are still closely associated with criminality, rural radicalism, and the
1. The Waroks were radically at odds with the New Order characteristic
of New Order rule was the extent to which rhetoric of culture framed
folded to ensure that regional identities did not threaten national unity,
of Education and Culture states that art constitutes the most visible
only to art.
Education and Culture as the official art form for the Ponorogo
separate Javanese traditions, the high art of the royal courts and the
people art’s of the rural and urban poor, local department officials act
late of 1980’s suggesting that Ponorogo was the site of one of the royal
aristocratic culture headed by the Regent of Ponorogo, who has used his
Orang style, a form of refined theater associated with the royal courts of
Central Java.
The local Government has tried to give the clear and stern
direction for the existence and development of the art of Reog Ponorogo
in the future to come. Along with the real support of the government for
Ponorogo. It could still exist and it is hoped that the art is not only
being well-known not only in Indonesia but also in foreign countries since
managing, and making the policies for the attractions of Reog Ponorogo.
It also has also the rights and responsibilities to the Reog Ponorogo’s
team.
Ponorogo can be known and favored by the people more than before.
attraction.
Ponorogo. The team has a duty in preparing all the needs of the
4.1 Conclusions
role in gaining the profit for tourism. The success of the tourism
Ponorogo that comes from Ponorogo Regency of East Java Province. This
improved along with the advance of the age especially the nation
development (Indonesia).
whereas women are allowed to perform Reog. Apart from its improvement,
the tourist attraction has also criticisms of the government namely Warok
36
37
homosexuality though, it has developed until now and we can see the
visitors to come to see Reog Ponorogo. Along with the increasing number
implement.
problems, but the measures or stances taken has got better results. One
previous performance. We can see that the more interesting the attraction,
38
the more visitors come whereas the number of tourist increases from time
to time.
4.2 Suggestions
order that the tourist attraction can compete with other attractions. The
tourist attraction should be preserved in order that the originality of the art
does not decrease. Apart from that, the Regional Tourism Department
electronic media such as television, radio and make website informing this
tourist attraction in details so that the public will be more well informed
Bandung.
dan sebagainya. Kesenian adalah salah satu daya tarik yang sangat
negeri. Reog Ponorogo itu sendiri mempunyai motto ‘Atraksi Wisata yang
masalah yang dihadapi negara Indonesia belakangan ini, mulai dari krisis
John, Pemberton. 1987. Musical Politics in Central Java [or how not to listen to a
Joseph, Wibowo Herman. 1988. Drama Tradisional Reyog: Suatu Kajian Sistem