User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Chapter 3 Software Architecture ................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Signaling Control Processing (SCP) Program................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Baseband Signal Processing Program.............................................................................. 3-4 3.4 Operation and Maintenance Program ............................................................................... 3-5

Huawei Technologies Proprietary i

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

3.1 Overview
The BTS30 software is mainly composed of signaling processing program, baseband signal processing program, operation & maintenance program, BTS testing program, etc. They implement the function of radio link layer protocols and Abis interface protocols, manage radio channels in real time, and all internal connections/communication, control the transmission equipment, execute operation & maintenance functions for each part of the BTS, and provide Man-Machine Interface (MMI) for local management.

I. Signaling processing program

Only through signaling can different entities in the network coordinate and information be transferred. So between BTS and BSC, not only speech and data, but also signaling for call control are transmitted. The Signaling Control Processing (SCP) program is the control part of the TRX. It transparently transmits layer 3 messages of the Um interface to the Abis interface, and works with the BSC to perform radio resources management functions and part of the layer 3 functions of the Um interface. It completes the data link layer functions (LAPD) of the Abis interface and the data link layer functions (LAPDm) of the Um interface. The SCP is also responsible for the operation and maintenance functions of TRX. The SCP program is the core of the BTS30 service processing. It implements most of the service processing functions of The BTS30. The SCP program runs in the transceiver baseband processing unit (TBPU) of the TRX module.

II. Baseband signal processing program

The baseband signal processing program, together with the hardware circuit in the digital signal processing unit of the TRX module, performs the physical layer functions of the Um interface. Its major functions include the coding/decoding of speech, data and signaling on radio channels, modulation of the transmitted signals and demodulation of the received signals.
Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-1

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

Signal transmission over radio channels features high bit error rate due to its time-varying characteristics, interference of various random noises, multi-path fading, and shadow effect. To ensure high quality signal transmission, the signals carrying user and signaling data shall be transformed into another form suitable for radio transmission at the transmitting end, and converted back to the original form at the receiving end. Such conversion includes the processes burst of channel coding/decoding, and interleaving/de-interleaving, modulation/demodulation. The baseband signal processing program is running on the TBPU board of TRX module. formatting, encryption/decryption

III. Operation & maintenance program

The operation and maintenance program is the common control part in the BTS30 software as well as the core of BTS operation and maintenance functions. The functions of the operation and maintenance program include BS software loading, BS initializing, BS operational status monitoring and management, alarm collection, resources utilization and interface message tracing. The BTS30 interface equipment (hardware) is integrated as a module in the TMU, and the corresponding transmission equipment control system is also integrated into the operation and maintenance software for controlling the transmission link between BSC and BTS. Through the control program of the transmission equipment, the transmission links between BTS and BSC can be flexibly configured to support star, tree, chain and ring topologies. This control program also supports the remote loopback testing via the TMU. Operation & maintenance program and the transmission equipment control program run in the TMU board.

3.2 Signaling Control Processing (SCP) Program

The SCP program is the control part of the TRX unit and performs the following functions: Layer 3 signaling functions, including: Radio resource management functions specified in GSM 08.58 and GSM 04.08.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-2

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

Coordination with TMU board software to implement operation and maintenance functions specified in GSM 12.21. Data link layer functions, including: Data link layer functions (LAPD, GSM 08.56) on the Abis interface. Data link layer functions (LAPDm, GSM04.05, GSM 04.06) on the Um interface. Data link layer functions on the internal interfaces with TMU. Media control layer functions, including: CBUS signaling channel control functions with TMU. DBUS signaling channel communication functions with BSC. Mailbox communication functions based on the HPI interface with DSP. The layer 3 functions of the signaling processing program include 3 parts: radio subsystem management, operation & maintenance interface management and LAPD layer 2 entity management. The radio subsystem management part includes: Radio link management, including setup and release of radio links between BTS and MS, and transmitting transparent messages between MS and NSS. Dedicated channel management, i.e., dedicated channel activation/deactivation, signaling and user data encryption/decryption, dynamic power control of BS and MS, MS timing advance control, etc. Common control channel management, such as random access detection, dispatching, combining and sending of immediate-assignment messages and paging messages, system message modification, etc. TRX management, such as idle channel quality detection, reporting BTS overload information and other kinds of faults. The operation & maintenance interface part interfaces and works with the operation & maintenance program to perform the following functions: TRX software loading. TRX initializing. Alarm and status management. Equipment self-testing. Resources monitoring and signaling tracing. The LAPD layer 2 management part manages data link entities at the Abis interface side. The architecture of the signaling processing program is shown in Figure 3-1.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-3

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

SCP layer 3 signaling

LAPD

HDLC

LAPDm

Data link layer

DBUS

CBUS

Mailbox

Media control layer

BSC

TMU

CHDSP
LAPD: Link Access Protocol on the D channel LAPDm: Link Access Protocol on the Dm channel TMU: Timing/Transmission and Management Unit CBUS: Control BUS

SCP: Signaling Control Processing HDLC: High-level Data Link Control BSC: Base Station Controller DBUS: Data BUS CHDSP: Channel Digital Signal Processing

Figure 3-1 The architecture of the signaling processing program

3.3 Baseband Signal Processing Program

The functions of the baseband digital signal processing program include: Digital demodulation functions. Encoding and decoding, interleaving and de-interleaving of speech, data, and signaling on the radio channel. Encryption and decryption of speech, data, and signaling on the radio channel. In-band control and transmission functions of speech and data. Rate adaptation of speech and data between the radio channel encoding module and the transcoder. Provisioning of the internal signaling with L3 module and the primitive communication with the LAPDm module. Communication with operation and maintenance. The architecture of the baseband signal processing program is shown in Figure 3-2.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-4

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

Baseband signal processing program layer

Common module

O&M module

Message and primitive processing common module

Radio channel allocation module

Logical subchannel message and primitive processing module

Embedded realtime operating system

Subchannel n processing

BIU: Base station Interface Unit CUI: Carrier Unit Interface controller

Figure 3-2 Architecture of the baseband signal processing program

As shown in the figure, in downlink direction, signaling and speech are first channel-encoded and interleaved, then the bits whose sequences are associated are de-associated and formatted into bursts, after encryption and modulation, they are sent to the carrier interface unit. The process is reversed in the uplink direction.

3.4 Operation and Maintenance Program

The BTS30 operation and maintenance program allows users to operate and maintain the BSS remotely through the OMC Shell or locally through MMI.

I. Hardware architecture
The BTS30 operation and maintenance program runs on the TMU board. The TMU is connected with BSC and local maintenance terminals in the uplink direction, and connected with various boards of the BTS in the downlink direction. The active and

Subchannel 1 processing

Channel coding module

Channel dec. module

Interleaving module

Deinterleaving module

...

Burst formatting module

Burst formatting module

Rate adapter unit

Cyphering module

Decyphering module

I/O module

BIU

SCP

CUI

SCP: Signaling Control Program I/O: Input/Output

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-5

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

standby TMUs monitor the operation/maintenance and management on all devices of a BTS. Hardware structure of operation and maintenance program is shown in Figure 3-3.
BSC MMI Active TMU Extended TMU CDU CDU PMU PMU Low speed DCL TRX CDU TRX High speed DCL CDU PMU PMU Low speed DCL TRX High speed DCL PMU Low speed DCL Standby TMU TRX CDU CDU PMU TRX High speed DCL Standby TMU TRX High speed DCL

BSC: Base Station Controller TMU: Timing/ Transmission and Management Unit PMU: Power Monitoring Unit TBU: Transceiver Baseband Unit LR DCL: Low-bit Rate Diagnostic Control Link

MMI: Man Machine Interface CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit TES: Transmission Extension power Supply Unit HR DCL: High-bit Rate Diagnostic Control Link

Figure 3-3 Architecture of the operation and maintenance program

II. Functions
1) Layer 3 signaling functions Remote software loading for all parts of the BTS30 (including BTS itself), so there is no need to replace the program firmware at site. Monitoring and controlling the status of all channels and boards, as well as blocking/unblocking of all channels. Setting of the BTS operational parameters, such as BTS attributes, carrier related attributes and channel related attributes, and controlling of the Abis interface circuits. BTS devices testing, including loopback testing of the BTS radio unit, testing of boards, and locating faults if any fault is detected. Interface tracing, especially on the Um interface along with other BTS internal interfaces. Alarm monitoring, detection of BTS internal alarms, such as various board alarms, and external environment alarms (e.g., temperature, humidity, fire, etc.). Incase of any major alarm, the operation and maintenance unit can take
Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-6

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

corresponding protection measures, such as cutting off the power supply for power amplifier, to prevent further equipment damage to the equipment. Operation and maintenance (network management) functions defined in TS GSM 12.21. Other operation and maintenance functions. 2) Data link layer functions Data link layer (LAPD, GSM 08.56) on the Abis interface High speed DCL data link layer (HDLC based 1-N, active/standby, bidirectional acknowledged communication protocol). Low speed DCL data link layer (1-N, active/standby, bidirectional acknowledged communication protocol). Local maintenance terminal serial port data link layer (point to point, active/standby, bidirectional acknowledged communication protocol). 3) I/O functions Abis link, I/O functions of PCM specified timeslot. High speed DCL, I/O functions based on HDLC. Low speed DCL, I/O functions based on UART. UART-based I/O functions with local maintenance terminal.

III. Structure
The BTS30 operation and maintenance program comprises the L3 module, the modules of various link layers, the communication port I/O module, the common module and the transmission equipment control module, as shown in Figure 3-4.
L3 Transmission equipment control module

LAPD

High speed DCL

Ext. TMU link

Low speed DCL

MMI

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

I/O

A-bis

Standby TMU, TBU Extended TMU

CDU

MMI

BIU module

LAPD: Link Access Protocol on D channel MMI: Man-Machine Interface I/O: Input / Output TBU: Transceiver Baseband Unit

DCL: Diagnostic Control Link BIU: BTS Interface Unit TMU: Timing/Transmission and Management Unit CDU: Combiner and Divider Unit

Figure 3-4 Structure of operation and maintenance program

The BTS30 operation and maintenance program has interface relationships with all other program modules in the system.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-7

User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 3 Software Architecture

The BTS30 operation and maintenance program is a multitask realtime program designed with message-oriented and data structure-oriented method. Its object-oriented data structure is represented in the mapping relationship between the tree-type logic structure of the site and the physical boards. Between the functional modules, information is exchanged in form of messages, which reduces the coupling and enhances the cohesion. This design method helps to enhance the system reliability and expandability. The transmission equipment control module Performs sub-channel multiplexing and demultiplexing functions on the radio channels, and timeslot switching at the Abis interface or the BS interface. Monitors the TMU board BIU running status, including E1 line local asynchronization and remote alarming, loop interruption alarming, BS interface link status, etc., and displays (with TMU board indicator) the running status or reports it via the operation and maintenance module when necessary.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3-8