ME 3345 Heat Transfer

Week_3_1 Conduction with heat generation Extended Surfaces

Review of Thermal Resistance

One-dimensional, steady state, and constant k Without heat generation
Definition: Rt
T1 T2 q [K/W]

d dT k Plane Wall dx dx
Cylindrical

0
0 Rt

Rt

L kA ln(r2 / r1 ) 2 Lk

T ( x)

C1x C2 C1 ln r C2

d dT kr dr dr

T (r )

d 2 dT Spherical kr dr dr

0 Rt

1/ r1 1/ r2 4 k

T (r )

C1 C2 r

With Heat Generation

Plane Wall:
d 2T dx
2

q k

T ( x)

q 2 x 2k

C1x C2

Cylindrical:
1 d dT r r dr dr q k 0 T (r ) q 2 r 4k C1 ln r C2

Spherical:
1 d 2 dT r dr r 2 dr q k 0 T (r ) q 2 r 6k C1 r C2

Temperature Distribution Plane Wall with Heat Generation

T ( x) q 2 x 2k C1x C2

Symmetric vs. Adiabatic

Example 3.6
Example 3.6. A plane wall is a composite of two materials, A and B. The wall of material A has uniform heat generation 1.5 x 106 W/m3, kA = 75 W/m K, and thickness LA = 50 mm. The wall material B has no generation with kB = 150 W/m K and thickness LB = 20 mm. The inner surface of material A is well insulated, while the outer surface of material B is cooled by a water stream with T = 30C and h = 1000 W/m2 K. Determine the temperature distribution and T0, T1, T2.

(a) parabolic in A (b) zero slope at wall (c) linear in B (d) slope change kB / k A 2 (e) large gradient near surface

How will qx change? It linearly increases in A and remains the same in B.

Can we use thermal resistance in A?

Eg
q"

Eout
h(T2 T )

LB / kB q " qLA

1/ h

T2

qLA h
T ( x) qL2 x2 1 2 2k L Ts

T1

qLA

LB kB

1 h

T0

T (0)

2 qLA 2k A

T1

The influence of h

Maximum temperature is often important for design consideration.

Cylindrical:
1 d dT r r dr dr q k 0 T (r ) q 2 r 4k C1 ln r C2

For a solid cylinder, there is only one boundary. r

Apply symmetric B.C.

dT dr 0
r 0

C1 q 2 r 4k qr02 4k

T(r)

T (r ) Ts

T0 T0

Example: An insulated wire of diameter D = 2mm and uniform temperature T has an electrical resistance of 0.01 /m and a current of 20A. The insulation has an outer diameter of 3mm and thermal conductivity of K=0.01 W/mK.

h = 5 W/m2K T = 20 C
D = 2mm D = 3mm

A) If heat is loss through convection, what is the surface temperature of the rod and the insulation? B) What is the rate of heat transfer per unit length at r =0, 0.5mm, and 1.5 mm if the power density in the rod is 3x105 W/m3?

Fins - Extended Surfaces

qconv

Asurface h(Ts

T )

How to enhance heat transfer (without increasing the temperature difference) ??

Fins - Extended Surfaces

qconv

Asurface h(Ts

T )

How to enhance heat transfer (without increasing the temperature difference) ?? (1) Increase h by strong forced convection (use fan, use water instead of air, spray or inject water, etc. (2) Increase the surface area A. The second is often achieved by using fins.

Examples of Extended Surfaces

Extruded Heat Sink Automobile Radiator

Radiator (household heating)

Mobile Pentium Processors

Simple Structures:

We will perform the analysis for simple cases and discuss engineering methods to deal with complicated geometry.

How much performance increase Space Weight/ Material Manufacturing process Cost

Fins of Uniform Cross Section

(a) Rectangular fin.

(b) Pin fin.

Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement

The application of extended surfaces for heat transfer enhancement must be carefully considered. This processes induces additional manufacturing costs and complexity. Thus, we must find a way to quantify the added benefits of using extended surfaces to justify their application.

A) Determine the rate of heat transfer from an extended surface. Involves finding the temperature distribution in the fin structure.

B) Define some measure of efficiency for extended surfaces. Use this as a basis for determining when to use them.