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NUMBER SYSTEM
Natural Numbers Whole Numbers Integers Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

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Natural Numbers: All numbers starting from 1 and going upto the highest possible number is called natural numbers. Natural number is denoted by N. Whole Numbers: If zero is included with natural numbers then the set is called a collection of whole number. Whole numbers are denoted by W. Integers: If we include negative numbers alongwith whole numbers then the collection is called integers. Integers are denoted by Z. Rational Numbers: Any number which is written in the form of are integers and ! r.

"

p where p and ! q

is called a rational number. #ational number is denoted by

+uestion ,: Is zero a rational number$ -ns er: Zero can not be written in the form

" because when divided by any number " will always give infinity as result. While rational numbers always give terminating decimal values.
%uestion &: 'ind si( rational numbers between ) and *. Answer: +tep1:

p where p and ! are integers and ! q

3+ 4 7 , 2 2 7 13 3+ +tep&: 2, 14 2 7 + 4 15 +tep): 2 , 4 2 13 7 31 + +tep*: 14 2 , 14 2 15 7 39 + +tep-: 4 2, 8 2 31 13 11 + +tep.: 14 14 , 7 2

/ou can notice that by calculating averages between two numbers we get a number which is e(actly between these two numbers. 0his way you can go on calculating infinite numbers of numbers.

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+uestion./ 'ind five rational numbers between

3 4 and 5 5

3 4 7 + -ns er/ +tep1: 5 5 , 10 2 3 7 13 + +tep&: 5 10 , 20 2 7 4 + 3 +tep): 10 5 = 2 4 3 13 + +tep*: 5 10 19 = 2 20 3 4 + 31 +tep-: 4 5 = 2 40

+uestion0/ +tate if following statements are true or false: 1a2 3very natural number is a whole number. 1b2 3very integer is a whole number. 1c2 3very rational number is a whole number. -ns er/ 1a2 As natural number is all numbers starting from 1 and the whole number includes zero as well so this statement is true. 4n the other hand every whole number is not natural number as zero is not a natural number. 1b2 4nly positive integers are whole numbers. 1c2 #ational numbers are not whole numbers as they are not complete. Irrational Numbers: If a number cannot be written in the form are integers and ! 0 . 3(ample:

p where p and ! q

. 0hese numbers result in non5

terminating and non5recurring decimals so they are called irrational numbers. 0he collection of all rational and irrational numbers is called real number and is denoted by #. In other words every point on the number line represents a uni!ue real number. 0o understand the number line try to visualize a scale with so many mar6s between any two numbers. 0he following pictures depicts how 2 can be depicted on the number line.

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In the given picture suppose each side of the given s!uare is measuring 1 unit. 0hen the diagonal will be 2 . Now if the diagonal is rotated so that it becomes horizontal and falls on the number line then the point up to which diagonal will reach will be the e(act position of 2 on the number line. Real Numbers and their de#imal e"$ressions/ 1. +ome rational numbers when converted to decimal form give terminating decimal. &. +ome rational numbers when converted to decimal form give non5terminating recurring decimal. E"am$le:

7 = 0.875 in this case a point comes when we get " as remainder. +o 8

this is a case of terminating decimal.

10 ,).))))) in this case we always 6eep on getting 1 as remainder and !uotient 3

6eeps on repeating. 0his is the case of non5terminating recurring decimal.

1 = 0.142857 this is also a case of non5terminating recurring decimal. 7

In case of irrational number we get a non5terminating and non5recurring decimal. +uestion1: Write the following in decimal form and comment on their 6ind of decimal e(pression.

36 = 0.36 as we get zero as remainder at last so it is a terminating decimal. 100 1 = 0.09090909 we don7t get zero as remainder and the !uotient 6eep on 1b2 11
1a2 repeating so this is non5terminating recurring decimal. 1c2

1 4 = 4.125 terminating decimal. 8

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+uestion1/ /ou 6now that values of

1 = 0.142857 Without doing the long division fin the 7

2 3 4 5 6 , , , , 7 7 7 7 7 2 = 0.285714 7

Answer: 8ultiplying the numerator with the decimal e(pression in !uestion you get very interesting observation: ".1*&9-: &, ".&9-:1* +o

+imilarly ".1*&9-: ) , ".*&9-:1 ".1*&9-: * , ".-:1*&9 ".1*&9-: 5 , ".1:*&9".1*&9-: . , ".9-:1*&

+uestion2/ 3(press the following in the form

p where p and ! are integers and q

q 0 6 2 = 9 3 47 (b) ". 47 , 99 1 (c) ". 001 , 900 (a) ". 6 ,

;ut < for every non5zero digit in the denominator and zero for zero in the denominator. +uestion3/ What can the ma(imum number of digits be in the repeating bloc6 of digits in the decimal e(pression of

1 $ 17

A fraction in lowest terms with a prime denominator other than & or - 1i.e. coprime to 1"2 always produces a repeating decimal. 0he period of the repeating decimal 1=p where p is prime is either p > 1 1the first group2 or a divisor of p > 1 1the second group2. 3(amples of fractions of the first group are: =: , ".1*&9-: ? . repeating digits =1: , "."-99&)-&<*11:.*: ? 1. repeating digits 1 =1< , "."-&.)1-:9<*:).9*&1 ? 19 repeating digits 1 =&) , "."*)*:9&."9.<-.-&1:)<1) ? && repeating digits 1 =&< , ".")**9&:-9.&".9<.--1:&*1):<)1 ? &9 repeating digits
1 1

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=<: , "."1")"<&: 9)-"-1-* .)<1:-&- ::)1<-9: .&99.-<: <)91**)& <9<.<":& 1.*<*9*- )."9&*:* &&.9"*1& ):11)*"& ".19--.: ? <. repeating digits
1

0he following multiplications e(hibit an interesting property: =: =: * =: =: . =:

& )

, , , , ,

& ) * .

@ @ @ @ @

".1*&9-:... ".1*&9-:... ".1*&9-:... ".1*&9-:... ".1*&9-:...

, , , , ,

".&9-:1*... ".*&9-:1... ".-:1*&9... ".:1*&9-... ".9-:1*&...

+uestion4/ What property a rational number must satisfy to have terminating decimal e(pression -ns er/ If the denominator is either & or - as its factor then the result will be terminating decimal. As 1" is the product of & and - so to have terminating decimal & or - are re!uired. If there is a prime number other than & or - in the denominator then the decimal can or cannot be treminating.

5$erations on Real Numbers/ If a and b are positive real numbers then: 1a2

ab = a = b

a b a b b

1b2

1c2 1d2 1e2 1f2

( ( (

a+

)( )(

b = a b

( a + b )( a b ) = aA5b
a+ a+ b c+ d =

ac +

ad +

bc +

bd

b A, a + 2 ab + b

+uestion(/ +implify the following e(pressions: 1a2

(5 + 7 )( 2 + 5 )
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Bets assume that -,a 0hen

7 ,b &,c and ac + ad +

5 ,d bc + bd

( a + b )(c +
5 5+

d ,

;utting values of a b c and d we get

10 +

2 7+

35

La s o6 e"$onents: 1a2 am . an , amCn 1b2 1am2n , amn 1c2 amDan , am5n mEn 1d2 ambm , 1ab2m

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