Correlation Question 3 (pg 30) a) State two assumptions for the correlation analysis. 1.

The sample is chosen randomly from the population and the scores for each of the participants should be independence of all other participants sores. 2. The scores for each variable are normally distributed in the population. b) Tate two variables used in the study. 1. Variable A : Mathematics 2. Variable B : Physics score. c) State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. Ho: P=0 There is a statistically significant correlation between mathematics score and physics score for 100 pupils. H1 : P 0 There is a statistically significant correlation between mathematics score and physics score for 100 pupils. d) What conclusion can you make from this analysis? There is a high positive correlation and statistically significant between mathematics score and physics score for 100 pupils, (r 98 +0.89,p < 0.05) Mathematics . e) Calculate the coefficient of determination r and describe the strength of the association between the two variables. R=0.89 = 0.7921 It is about 79.2% of the variances in the mathematics scores is associated with the variances in the physics scores .About 20.79% of the variances in the mathematics scores is not associated f)

SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION Question 3 (pg 35,36) a.Criterion variable : CGPA Predictor variable : Number of hours studying Simple linear regression equation Y = bX + a, Y = 0.64 x + 1.01 a. Y = bX + a =0.64 ( 3.9 ) + 1.01 =2.496 + 3.506 = 6.002 H :
o 1

b.

=0 0

H :

The null hypothesis is rejected because the p value is less than 0.05.We can conclude with 99% confidence that the number of hours studying daily is a statistically significant predictor of students CGPA.The probability of this happening purely by chance alone is less than 5 in 100 or less than 1 in 100.

c.

(R2 ) is the rate of change in the dependent variable (Y ) that can be explained by a linear combination of the independent variables (Y = b1X1 + b2X2 + + bkXk + a).When the value of R2 is multiplied by 100%, it shows this percentage change.

R = 0.66 66.0% variance in CGPA is explained by number of hours studying. This is significant as the p value in the F test is < .05 44.0% variance in CGPA cannot be explained by number of hours studying. It

may be due to other factors.

Multiple Linear Regression Question 3 (pg 41,42)

a. Criterion variable : academic achievement score Predictor variables : social self concept : self concept b. Y = b X + b X + a
1 1 2 2

c. Y = b X + b X + a
1 1 2 2

= 4.13(5) -2.78 + 47.97 = 20.65-2.78 + 47.97 = 17.87 + 47.97 = 65.84 d. Ho : 1 = 2 = 0 (The partial regression coefficient for X1 and X2 in the population is equal to zero) H1 : At least one i 0 (At least one partial regression coefficient for Xi in the population is not equal to zero) The p value for F test is 0.01 , p < 0.05, reject the null hypothesis. At least one independent variable (X or X ) is a significant predictor of the dependent variable (Y).
1 2

f.

Ho : 1 = 2 = 0 H1 : At least one i 0

p value of b = 0.00, this is < 0.05 p value of b = 0.02, this is < 0.05
2 1

We reject the null hypothesis since p is < 0.05. We are 95% confidence that self concept and social self concept are significant predictors of the academic score.