AMS CAREERS

SECTION I DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 8: Choose the best alternative. 1.

CATALYST 01

A ladder 65' long is leaning against a straight wall. Its lower end is 25' from the bottom of the wall. How much further away will it be if the upper end is moved down by 8' ? 1. 8' 2. 10' 3. 14' 4. 52' In the figure ABCD, the coordinates of the vertices A and B are (2,0) and (0,2) What is the area of the square ABCD? C respectively.

2.

B A 1. 4 3. 2. 8

3. 42

4. 82

In the figure ABCD, AB = BC and angles BAD and BCD are right angles. Which one of the following is necessarily true? C

B A 1. angle BCA = angle CAD 3. AD = CD

2. angle CBA is > angle CDA 4. BC is shorter than CD

4. In a circular pond a fish starts from a point on the edge, swims 600 metres due north to reach another point on the edge, turns east and swims 800 metres to reach yet another point on the edge. The diameter of the pond is 1. 600 m 2. 700 m 3. 800 m 4. 1000 m 5. A positive integer is said to be a prime if it is not divisible by any positive integer other than itself and one. Let p be a prime number strictly greater than 3. Then, when p2 + 17 is divided by 12, the remainder is 1. 6 2. 1 3. 0 4. 8 A man sells chocolates that come in boxes. Either full boxes or half a box of chocolates can be bought from him. A customer comes and buys half the number of boxes the seller has plus half a box. A second customer comes and buys half the remaining number of boxes plus half a box. After this, the seller is left with no chocolate box. How many chocolate boxes did the seller have before the first customer came? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 3.5 Mr. and Mrs. Shah travel from City A to City B and break journey at city C in between. Somewhere between City A and City C, Mrs. Shah asks "How far have we travelled ?" Mr. Shah
1

6.

7.

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CATALYST 01

replies, "Half as far as the distance from here to city C". Somewhere between city C and City B, exactly 200 kms. from the point where she asked the first question, Mrs. Shah asks "How far do we have to go ?" Mr. Shah replies "Half as far as the distance from City C to here." The distance between cities A and B is, in kms
1. 200 2. 100 3. 400 4. 300

8.

X and Y are playing a game. There are eleven 50 paisa coins on the table and each player must pick up at least one coin but not more than five. The person picking up the last coin loses. X starts. How many should he pick up at the start to ensure a win no matter what strategy Y employs? 1. 4 2.3 3. 2 4. 5

DIRECTIONS for questions 9 to 12 : p and q are any numbers and x and y are any nonnegative integers. Let x/y = x divided by y. lo(p) = the greatest integer less than or equal to p. gr(p) = the smallest integer greater than or equal to p. rem(x, y) = the remainder when x is divided by y. 9. gr (4.6) - lo (2.0) = 1. 4 10. rem (16,7) - 2 = 1. 2 2. 3 2. 1 3. 2 3. 0 4. 1 4. -1

11. If x is not divisble by y, then gr(x/y) = 1.

x y x y

2. lo

x+ y y

3.

x + 1 y y x

4. lo

x + y 1 y x y

12. rem (x,y) with both x and y not equal to 0 = 1. x y lo 2. x 3. x y lo 4. x y gr

DIRECTIONS for questions 13 to 40 : Choose the best alternative. 13. Define m#n = m + n + nm, then 2#3 = 1. 0 2. 6 3. 11

4. 20

14. Define m#n = m + n + mn.. If for any m, there is a number q such that m#q = m, then q = 1. 0 2. -1 3. 1 4. q does not exist 15. A charity solicited P persons over phone who agreed to an average pledge of Rs. R each. Q of these people who had pledged an average of Rs. S each never sent the pledged money. Which of the following expressions represents the percent of pledged money that the charity received? 1. 100

PR QS

2. 100

QS PR

3. 1001

QS PR

4. 100 PR

QS PR

16. Which of the following has the largest area? 1. A circle of radius 2 2. An equilateral triangle of side 4. 3. A triangle with sides 3, 4 and 5. 4. A square with side 2. 17. If a < b, which of the following is always true?
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1. a < (a + b) / 2 < b 2. a < ab/2 < b

3. a < b - a < b

CATALYST 01
4. a < ab < b

18. The money order commission is calculated as follows. From Rs. X to be sent by money order, subtract 0.01 and divide by 10. Get the quotient and add 1 to it. If the result is Y, the money order commission is Rs. 0.5Y. If a person sends two money orders to Aurangabad and Bhatinda for Rs. 71 and Rs.48, the total commission will be 1. Rs. 7.00 2. Rs. 6.50 3. Rs. 6.00 4. Rs. 7.50 19. The auto fare in Ahmedabad has the following formula based upon the meter reading. The meter reading is rounded up to the next higher multiple of 4. For instance, if the meter reading is 37 paise, it is rounded up to 40 paise. The resultant is multiplied by 12. The final result is rounded off to nearest multiple of 25 paise. If 53 paise is the meter reading what will be the actual fare ? 1. Rs. 6.75 2. Rs. 6.50 3. Rs. 6.25 4. Rs. 7.50 20. A shop sells ball point pens and refills. It used to sell refills for 50 paise each, but there were hardly any takers. When it reduced the price, the remaining refills were sold out enabling the shopkeeper to realise Rs. 35.89. How many refills were sold at the reduced price ? 1. 37 2. 71 3. 89 4. 97 21. A man can walk up a moving "up" escalator in 30 seconds. The same man can walk down this moving "up" escalator in 90 seconds. Assume that his walking speed is same upwards and downwards. How much time will he take to walk up the escalator, when it is not moving? 1. 30 sec. 2. 45 sec. 3. 60 sec. 4. 90 sec. 22. Anand and Bharat can cut 5 kg. of wood in 20 min. Bharat and Chandra can cut 5 kg. of wood in 40 min. Chandra and Anand can cut 5 kg. of wood in 30 min. How much time Chandra will take to cut 5 kg. of wood alone ? 1. 120 min 2. 48 min 3. 240 min 4. (240/7) min 23. If 200 soldiers eat 10 tons of food in 200 days, how much will 20 soldiers eat in 20 days ? 1. 1 ton 2. 10 kg 3. 100 kg 4. 50 kg 24. Juhi and Bhagyashree were playing simple mathematical puzzles. Juhi wrote a two digit number and asked Bhagyashree to guess it. Juhi also indicated that the number is exactly thrice the product of its digits. What was the number that Juhi wrote ? 1. 36 2. 24 3. 12 4. 48 25. A man bought 18 erasers for Rs. 10. He paid 10 paise more for each white eraser than for each brown eraser. What is the price of a white eraser and how many white erasers did he buy? 1. 60 p., 8 2. 60 p., 10 3. 50 p., 8 4. 50 p., 10 26. It is desired to extract the maximum power of 3 from 24!. Where n! = n(n-1)(n-2) 321. What will be the exponent of 3? 1. 8 2. 9 3. 11

4. 10

27. Lata has the same number of sisters as she has brothers, but her brother Mohan has twice as many sisters as he has brothers. How many children are there in the family? 1. 7 2. 6 3. 5 4. 8 28. How many times does the digit 6 appear when you count from 11 to 100? 1. 9 2. 10 3. 19 4. 20

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CATALYST 01

29. Four cities P,Q, R and S form the four vertices of a square. Each city is connected to every other city by a direct road and none of these roads intersect each other. What is the number of possible routes available from any city to the diagonally opposite city? 1. 6 2. 4 3. 3 4. 5 30. After paying all your bills, you find you have Rs.7.20 in your pocket. You have equal number of 50 paise and 10 paise coins; but no other coins nor any other currency notes. How many coins do you have? 1. 8 2. 24 3. 27 4. 30 31. What is the area of the smallest square that will enclose a regular hexagon of side 1? 1. 42 2. 8 3. 4 4. 6 32. One hundred management students who read at least one of the three business magazines are surveyed to study the readership pattern. It is found that 80 read Business India, 50 read Business World and 30 read Business Today. Five students read all the three magazines. How many read exactly two magazines? 1. 50 2. 40 3. 65 4. 25 33. Suresh went to market with Rs.100. If he buys three pens and six pencils he uses up all his money. On the other hand, if he buys three pencils and six pens he would fall short by 20%. If he wants to buy equal number of pens and pencils, how many pencils can he buy? 1. 4 2. 5 3. 6 4. 7 34. In the US opinion polls held during August, 60% of the respondents favoured Al Gore while the balance favoured Bush. It was found in September polls that 10% of Al Gore's supporters switched their preference to Bush, while the same percentage of Bush's supporters also switched their preference to Al Gore. What percentage of the electorate should now switch their preference from Al Gore to Bush so that they are at par? 1. 6 2. 8 3. 10 4. 14 35. A cube is made into a number of small cubes by dividing each edge into four equal parts. What is the minimum number of additional such small cubes required to create a bigger cube, which will completely enclose the original cube? 1. 152 2. 216 3. 96 4. 148 36. I used 6 litres of oil paint to paint a map of India 6 metres high. How many litres of paint would I need for painting a proportionately scaled map 18 metres high? 1. 54 2. 18 3. 30 4. Cann't be determined 37. A cube is made into a number of cubelets by dividing each edge into four equal parts. The top face of the cube is a square ABCD. Take the diagonal AC and push a knife downwards so that the cube is cut into two prisms of equal size. How many cubelets are not cut by the knife in this operation? 1. 16 2. 48 3. 4 4. 8 38. If m < n, then 1. mm < nn 2. mm > nn 3. mnn < nmm 4. mmm < nnn

39. Abdul goes to market to buy bananas. If he can bargain and reduce the price per dozen by Rs. 2, he can buy 3 dozen bananas instead of 2 dozen with the money he has. How much money does he have? 1. Rs. 6 2. Rs. 12 3. Rs. 18 4. Rs. 24
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CATALYST 01

40. There are a students in a school studying Mathematics and b students studying Physics. There are c students studying both Mathematics and Physics. How many students in the school are studying Mathematics, Physics or both? 1. a + b 2. a + b +c 3. a + b - 2c 4. a + b - c DIRECTIONS for questions 41 to 44: Ghosh Babu took voluntary retirement in Dec 1991 and received a certain amount of money as retirement benefits. On Jan 1, 1992, he invested the entire amount in shares. At the end of the month, he sold all his shares and realised 25% profit. On Feb 1, he reinvested the entire amount in shares, which he sold at the end of the month at a loss of 20%. Again, he invested the entire amount on Mar 1 in a new company. At the end of the month, he sold the new company to a friend and realised a profit of 20% in the process. He invested the entire amount in shares on Apr 1, which he sold at the end of the month for Rs. 1,08,000 incurring a loss of 10%. 41. What is the amount of retirement benefits received by Ghosh Babu? 1. Rs. 1,08,000 2. Rs. 1,25,000 3. Rs. 1,20,000 4. Rs. 1, 00, 000 42. The percentage profit received by Ghosh Babu between Jan 1 and Apr 30 is 1. 8.00% 2. 15.00% 3. -10.00% 4. None of these 43. The amount of loss incurred by Ghosh Babu based on his operations in Apr 1992 is 1. Rs. 25,000 2. Rs. 12,000 3. Rs. 20,000 4. Rs. 8,000 44. The maximum amount invested by Ghosh Babu in any one month was in 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April DIRECTIONS for questions 45 to 48 : The following chart gives the total sales, total expenditure and share capital of four companies namely A, B, C and D. Profit is defined as the difference between total Sales and total expenditure.

25 20 15 10 5 0 A

Chart for Q.no.45-48

Sales Expenditure Share capital

45. Which company has the lowest profit per rupee of sales? 1. A 2. B 3. C

4. D

46. Which company has the lowest profit per rupee of total expenditure? 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 47. Which company has the highest sales per rupee of share capital?
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1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 4. D 48. Which company has the lowest profit per rupee of share capital? 1. A 2. B 3. C

CATALYST 01

DIRECTIONS for questions 49 to 52: The XYZ Company conducted two training programmes for their line and staff employees to develop their managerial abilities. The training programmes were on Decision Making and Financial Management. The following table gives the number of line and staff employees who attended these workshops, classified as per the length of employment. Total No. of Programme Attended Length of employees employment including nonDecision Financial Both participants Making Management Line Staff Line Staff Line Staff Line Staff 40 30 30 20 10 15 100 120 Less than 3 years 60 20 80 60 30 15 140 90 3 to 5 years 50 40 40 50 30 20 200 160 More than 5 years 49. What is the number of line employees with 3 to 5 years of employment who have not attended the programme on Financial Management? 1. 120 2. 140 3. 60 4. 80 50. What is the number of employees with less than 3 years of employment who attended only one of the programmes? 1. 120 2. 70 3. 25 4. 95 51. What percent of the employees with more than 5 years of employment did not attend either workshop? (Select the value nearest to the correct value.) 1. 64% 2. 86% 3. 50% 4. 14% 52. How many of the employees who attended at least one programme have more than 5 years of employment? 1. 180 2. 130 3. 230 4. 170 DIRECTIONS for questions 53 to 56: Five machines produce fuses that are used in four wheeled vehicles. The fuses are inspected and either accepted or rejected. The following table gives the number of fuses accepted and the percentage of the total production rejected for each machine. Machine No. Number accepted Percentage of production rejected 400 20 1 380 22 2 380 16 3 400 18 4 430 12 5 53. What is the production of Machine 1? 1. 480 2. 500 3. 600 4. none of these 54. What is the approximate number of fuses rejected from the production of machines 5? 1. 59 2. 36 3. 52 4. 48 55. The total production is highest for machine number 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 or 5
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56. The total production is lowest for machine number 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 or 5

CATALYST 01

DIRECTIONS for questions 57 to 60: The following table gives the number of households in a country during the period 1970-90. No. of households No. of household No. of households YEAR (Millions) YEAR (Millions) YEAR (Millions) 1970 120 1978 132 1986 150 1972 123 1980 135 1988 155 1974 126 1982 140 1990 160 1976 129 1984 145 The pie charts below give the distribution of households based on the number of children for the years 1970 & 1990.
1970
One child Tw o child Three or m ore child No child

1990
One child Tw o child Three or m ore child No child

57. Which of the following statements about the households is true? 1. There were more households with children in 1970 than in 1990. 2. There were more households with 3 or more children in 1970 than in 1990. 3. The number of households with two children decreased slightly from 1970 to 1990. 4. None of the above 58. The simple annual growth rate number of households from 1970 to 1990 was 1. 1.52% 2. 1.66% 3. 2.10% 4. 3.00% 59. The average number of children per household in 1990 was 1. 1.18 2. 1.35 3. 2.0 4. cannot be determined 60. Assuming that the average no. of children per household in 1970 was 3. How many households were without any children in 1970? 1. 24 million 2. 42 million 3. 14 million 4. cannot be determined. DIRECTIONS for questions 61 to 65: Alord receives a large order for stitching school uniforms from May Flower school and Little Flower School. He has two cutters who will cut the fabric, five tailors who will do the stitching, and two assistants to stitch the buttons and button-holes. Each of these nine persons will work for exactly 10 hours a day. Each of the May Flower uniforms requires 20 min. for cutting the fabric, one hour for stitching, and 15 min. for stitching buttons and buttons holes, whereas the Little Flower uniform requires 30 min., 1 hour, and 30 min. respectively for these activities. 61. What is the maximum number of Little Flower uniforms that Alord can complete in a day? 1. 50 2. 20 3. 40 4. 30
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CATALYST 01

62. On a particular day, Alord decided to complete 20 Little Flower uniforms. How many Mayflower uniforms can he complete on that day? 1. 50 2. 40 3. 20 4. 30 63. If Alord decides to complete 30 Little Flower uniforms only and no other on a particular day, how many total man hours will be idle? 1. 20 2. 30 3. 5 4. 25 64. If he hires one more assistant, what is the maximum number of Mayflower uniforms that he can complete in a day? 1. 40 2. 50 3. 60 4. 80 65. Alord has the option to hire one more employee of any category. Which category should he hire to get maximum increase in production capacity, assuming that he needs to stitch only Mayflower uniforms on that day? 1. Tailor 2. Cutter 3. Assistant 4. Cannot be determined DIRECTIONS for questions 66 to 70: Each item has a question followed by two statements. Mark 1 If the question can be answered with the help of statement A alone. Mark 2 If the question can be answered with the help of statement B alone. Mark 3 If the question can be answered with the help of both statements, but not with the help of either statement alone. Mark 4 If the question cannot be answered even with the help of both the given statements. 66. What is the length of the line SQ which is the diagonal of a square as well as the diameter of a circle? A. All four vertices of the square lie on the circumference of the circle. B. The numerical value of the area of the circle is twice the length of SQ. 67. What is the value of p+q ? A. (x+p) / (x-q) = 2 B. (x+p) / (x+q) = 3

68. P, Q, R and S are four consecutive even integers. What is the value of the largest integer among these? A. The average of the four numbers is the first prime number greater than 10. B. The ratio between the largest and smallest of the numbers is less than 10. 69. What is the price of apples? A. The average of the price of an apple and the price of an orange is Rs.5 B. 24 apples and 24 oranges will cost Rs. 240. 70. How much money does Prem have? A. Prem has at least 100 rupees more than Jagadish. B. The total money both Prem and Jagadish have is not more than 500 rupees.

AMS CAREERS
SECTION II

CATALYST 01

DIRECTIONS for questions 71 to 75 : Each question has a pair of CAPITALIZED words followed by four pairs of words. Choose the pair of words which best expresses the relationship similar to that expressed in the capitalized pair. 71. BUILDING : BRICK 1. Lime : Cement 72. BIRD : ORNITHOLOGY 1. Zoology : Animal 3. Archeology : Antiquity 73. SYMPHONY : COMPOSER 1. Rain : Flood 3. Novel : Author 74. DOCTOR : DISEASE 1. Policeman : Criminal 3. Politician : Electorate 75. TREE : TRUNK 1. Pen : Ink 2. Car: Chassis 2. Highway : Asphalt 3. River : Bridge 2. Stars : Galaxy 4. Plant : Botany 2. Light : Switch 4. Song : Music 2. Dentist : Drill 4. Teacher : Ignorance 3. Cabin : Log 4. Arm : Body 4. Vehicle : Road

Directions for question 76 to 82: Arrange the sentences A, B, C and D to form a logical sequence between sentences 1 to 6. 76. 1. A. The intensity of competition in an industry is neither a matter of coincidence nor bad luck. The collective strength of these forces determines the ultimate profit potential in the industry where profit potential is measured in terms of long-run returns on invested capital. B. Rather, competition in an industry is rooted in its underlying economic structure and goes well beyond the behavior of current competitors. C. Not all industries have the same potential. D. The state of competition in an industry depends on five basic competitive forces. 6. They differ fundamentally in their ultimate profit potential as the collective strength of the forces differs. 1. CDBA 2. DCAB 3. BDAC 4. ABDC 77. 1. A. The amount of published information available varies widely by industry. A. Unfortunately for the researcher, many industries do not meet these criteria, and there may be little published information available. B. Generally, the problem the researcher will face in using published data for analysing an economically meaningful industry is that they are too broad or too aggregated to fit the industry. C. However, it is always possible to gain some important information about an industry from published sources and these sources should be aggressively pursued. D. Larger the industry, the older it is, and the slower the rate of technological change, better is the available published information. 6. If a researcher starts searching for data with this reality in mind, the usefulness of broad data will be better recognised and the tendency to give up will be avoided. 1. ACBD 2. CBAD 3. DACB 4. BDAC 78.
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1. A.

CATALYST 01

The main source of power in industrial undertakings is electricity. Electricity from water also requires enormous river valley projects involving huge expenditure. B. In contrast, electricity from atomic power stations will result in a tremendous saving in expenditure. C. Besides, the mineral resources of the world required for generation of electricity are being rapidly depleted. D. But the production of electricity needs huge quantities of coal. 6. The installation of atomic plants will help in meeting the shortage of these resources. 1. ABDC 2. CBAD 3. DABC 4. BCAD 1. A. B. C. It will be foolish to deny that the countryside has many attractions to offer. One soon gets tired of the same old scenes and creatures day in and day out. But there is another side of the picture. The honesty and frankness of the country folk too, is a refreshing change from the dishonesty and selfishness we find in so many urban people. D. There is the lovely scenery, the interesting and varied wildlife, the long rambles through the woods and fields and the clean, healthy air. 6. The loneliness and monotony in the countryside soon begin to make themselves felt and we long for the familiar sidewalks and street corners of the town. 1. ABCD 2. DCAB 3. DABC 4. DCBA

79.

80. 1. Human experience tends to show that the more we mix with a man, the more we come to dislike him. A. When the acquaintance with him ripens into intimacy, we are likely to become very keenly aware of his defects and imperfections. B. In the beginning, we may feel greatly attracted by someone because of certain qualities that we find in him. C. But on closer acquaintance we will begin to perceive his faults and shortcomings. D. The truth is that nobody is free from faults and weaknesses. 6. But while a man makes a show of his strong points and his good qualities, he generally tries to conceal or cover his faults and defects. 1. ACBD 2. BCAD 3. CDBA 4. DCAB 81. 1. A. B. A welfare state in the attainment of its objective must avoid coercion and violence. But communism attains its ends through compulsion, coercion and even bloodshed. Communism implies the loss of freedom of expression and action and introduces a regimentation of life. C. These are all serious disadvantages which perhaps outweigh the economic gains. D. Communism aims at the welfare state and perhaps the completest form of the welfare state in most respects. 6. A true welfare state can develop only by following the path of peace and democracy. 1. CADB 2. ACDB 3. DCAB 4. DABC 1. A. The general enemy of mankind, as people have discovered is not science, but war. It is found that when there is peace, science is constructive; when there is war science is perverted to destructive ends. B. Science merely reflects the social forces by which it is surrounded. C. Until now, they have brought us to the doorstep of doom.
10

82.

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CATALYST 01

D. The weapons which science gives us do not necessarily create war; these make war increasingly more terrible. 6. Our main problem, therefore, is not to curb science, but to stop war, to substitute law for force and international governments for anarchy in the relations between nations. 1. ADBC 2. BADC 3. CDAB 4. DABC DIRECTIONS for questions 83 to 90: A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order to sentences from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph. 83. A. Trade protocols were signed, the dollar as the medium of exchange was ignored, trade was denominated in rupees and the exchange rate between the two countries was to be fixed outside the ambit of free markets. B. A young India, some years after independence fashioning her foreign policy of non-alignment, found it prudent to stay close to the former Soviet Union. C. Once upon a time there was a superpower named Soviet Union that attracted nations apprehensive of the global aspirations of the other superpower, the USA. D. One way of doing this was to evolve a set of bilateral relations in trade that could be called upon to provide a buffer against the armtwisting by the USA. 1. CBAD 2. BADC 3. BCAD 4. CBDA 84. This is probably one of the reasons why the number of women and men remain roughly equal in most societies. B. Fortunately or unfortunately, individual couples cannot really be concerned about this overall 'error'. C. Population growth then can be considered the error of this central process. D. Purely at the human level, it appears that most couples like to have at least one living daughter and one living son when they are in their middle ages. 1. CBDA 2. DACB 3. DCBA 4. CDAB 85. It is turning off the tap. And with no consensus on the exit policy, the government is damned if it supports loss making units and damned if it doesn't. C. The private sector did the same in the past because securing legal sanction for closure was virtually impossible. D. After years of funding the losses of public sector companies, the government is doing the unthinkable. 1. DACB 2. CADB 3. DCAB 4. BDAC 86. A. Against this background, the current target of 12.8 percent does not seem that high a figure. B. A better vantage point to evaluate the 12.8 percent target for export growth is our performance in the 'golden years' between 1986-87 and 1990-91, during which time exports in dollar terms increased by 17.1 percent. C. In fact, the rate of growth would have to increase still further if we are to achieve the eighth plan target of export growth in value terms of 13.6 percent per annum. D. Even in 1990-91, the year of the Gulf War, exports went up by 9 percent. 1. BDAC 2. BCAD 3. DABC 4. ACBD 87. A. It was never denied and seemed to be integrated into the city life. B. The poverty was there right in the open in all the streets.
11

A.

A. B.

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CATALYST 01

C. But, somehow it did not depress me as much as I had feared. D. Indian society is associated with great poverty, and indeed I saw a lot of poverty in Bombay. 1. ADBC 2. BCAD 3. BCDA 4. DCBA 88. A. I had heard that sort of thing before. B. He said that his generation was the first to believe that it had no future. C. A young American male earthling stopped by my house the other day to talk about some book of mine he had read. D. He was the son of a Boston man who had died an alcoholic vagrant. 1. CDBA 2. ABCD 3. CBAD 4. ABDC 89. This has been going on no now for nearly 200 years. They haven't even been noticed much by central, state, or local governments, no matter how insolent or blasphemous or treasonous those writers may be. C. But writers of novels, plays, short stories or poems have never been hurt or hampered much. D. Journalists and teachers are often bullied or fired in my country for saying this or that. 1. DCBA 2. ABCD 3. BCDA 4. DCAB 90. A. Their growing costs ---- and a growing economy -----must be reckoned with realistically. B. Central programs persist and in some cases grow. C. As demand expands, programs expand. D. It is extremely difficult to curtail them. 1. CDAB 2. BCDA 3. DABC 4. ACBD DIRECTIONS for questions 91 to 93: Kya-Kya is an obscure island which is inhabited by two type of people ; the 'Yes' type and the 'No' type. Natives of type 'Yes' ask only questions the right answer to which is 'Yes' while those of type 'No' ask only questions the right answer to which is 'No'. For example, the 'Yes' type will ask questions like "Is 2 plus 2 equal to 4?" while the 'No' type will ask questions like "Is 2 plus 2 equal to five ?" The following questions are based on your visit to the island of Kya-Kya. 91. Ram and Laxman are brothers from the island. Laxman asks you, "Is at least one of us brothers of type 'No'?" You can conclude that 1. Ram is 'No', Laxman is 'Yes'. 2. Both are 'yes'. 3. Ram is 'Yes', Laxman is 'No'. 4. Both are 'No'. 92. You are approached by one of the islanders and asked, "Am I of type 'Yes"? You can infer that 1. he was a 'no' 2. he was a 'yes' 3. such a situation is not possible 4. no conclusion is possible 93. If an islander asks, "Do I belong to the 'No' type", which of the following is correct ? 1. he is a 'no'. 2. he is a 'yes'. 3. It is impossible for him to have asked such a question. 4. his type cannot be identified. A. B.

DIRECTIONS for questions 94 & 95 : Each question has four items. You are required to select that item which does not belong to the group. 94. 1. Air travel is expensive 2. Most people travel to Australia by air.
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3. Businessmen travel a lot by air. 95. 1. Managers use their authority. 3. Artists use their creative abilities.

CATALYST 01
4. Aeroplanes are expensive. 2. Scientists use their logical abilities. 4. Engineers use their technical skills.

DIRECTION for question 96 : Choose the correct alternative. 96. Each of three friends knows whether the other two have passed or failed in an examination, but does not know his own result. The teacher comes and says, "At least one has failed". If all three still do not know their own results which of the following is true? 1. One student has failed. 2. Two students have failed. 3. Two or more students have failed. 4. All three have failed. DIRECTIONS for Q. 97 to Q.102 : Select the best option to complete the paragraph. 97. The opening lives of Dante's Inferno capture to perfection the problems encountered by economics from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards;' In the middle of the journey of our life, ____________ 1. Economics started with great promise.' 2. During the second half of the nineteenth century economics was greatly influenced by the achievements of the physical sciences; 3. I found myself within a dark wood, in which the straight path was lost.' 4. Scientists had good reason to hold this view.' 98. The method of analysis developed by Walras and Jevons introduced the systematic use of mathematics into economics. But it was not the use of maths by itself which led economics to its present erroneous path; rather, _____________ 1. Economists who write such papers are perfectly competent mathematicians. 2. It was as a result of seeking to raise economics to the status of the physical sciences that the pioneers of the new economics in the late nineteenth century adopted the then dominant view of the harder sciences, which saw the world as a smoothly functioning machines. 3. so doing, much of the richness and complexity of the original analysis was lost. 4. they provide both a strong bias towards and an apparently strong rationale for policies which move towards the creation of a free, competitive market. 99. We may find it convenient to live with the illusion that circumstances or other people are responsible for the quality of our lives, but _______________ 1. the reality is that we are responsible - response - able - for our choices. 2. the essence of principle - centred living is making the commitment to listen to and live by conscience. 3. how do you know ? 4. for most people, it's not that they've tried it before in this circumstances or even in other circumstances 100. To ask with intent is the essential act whereby we become principle centred. It is to ask our conscience, not our of curiosity, but ________ 1. we do that as we create a personal mission statement. 2. out of commitment to act based on the wisdom of the heart. 3. it implies teach ability, courage, and confidence. 4. as we face the challenges of the day we need to create a key question that will draw us immediately into the focus of listening to and living by conscience.

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101. Our emotional intelligence determines our potential for learning the practical skills that are based on its five elements : self awareness motivation, self regulation, empathy, and adeptness in relationships. Our emotional competence shows _______________ 1. Emotional competencies cluster into groups each based on a common underlying emotional intelligence capacity. 2. simply being high in emotional intelligence doesn't guarantee a person will have learned the emotional competencies that matter for work; it means only that they have excellent potential to learn them. 3. how much of that potential we have translated into on - the- job capabilities. 4. none of us is perfect 102. More and more establishments these days put an impression of Gandhi's quotation about the customer in a prominent place. You can't help but notice it when you walk in, and it gives you a good feeling to know that the people you are about to deal with accept the value of that statement. More often than not, how ever you leave the place realising that the only purpose that quotation serves is __________ 1. putative 2. decorative 3. vituperative 4. archaic DIRECTIONS for questions 103 to 107 : Answer the questions that follows each paragraph. 103. Monopoly is characterized by an absence of or decline in competition. MUL realizes that its operations are in competitive industries. which of the following conclusions may be inferred from the above ? 1. MUL is a public limited company 2. MUL is a 51 : 49 joint venture between Suzuki Motor company and government of India and its market is monopolistic 3. MUL'S market is not monopolistic 4. None of These. 104. Dewang Mehta lobbied for passage of his new Information Technology Bill which would liberalize IT sector and facilitate trade with industrialized countries such as EU, the USA and Russia. Each of the following, if true, could account for the above except. 1. The IT professionals have petitioned NASSCOM to provide better infrastructure. 2. The Finance Minister claimed that the passage of the bill would decrease the trade deficit. 3. The HRD Minister claimed that the passage of the bill would increase the rural urban economic inequity. 4. The bill was the need of the hour. 105. The president of ECOLIBRIUM S.K. Ojha was quoted as saying that the cost of consumption Index (COCX) will go up next quarter because of a recent increase in the price of oil and natural gas. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the statement. 1. Consumers have decreased their consumption of oil and natural gas. 2. The cost of oil and natural gas is a major item in the COCX. 3. Other items like cigarette and bear that make up the COCX have not significantly decreased in price 4. The change due to oil & natural gas cost are reflected in the COCX. 106.When Birbal's cat smelled milk it salivated. Later on Raag Bhairvi was played whenever milk was placed near the cat. After few weeks, only the Raaga was played, whereupon the cat would Salivate even though no milk was present. Which of the following conclusions may be drawn from the above observed 1. Birbal was great 2. Raga Bhairvi could mitigate hunger
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3. Raaga Bhairvi was associated with milk. 4. Raaga Bhairvi and Milk are synonynous.

CATALYST 01

107.Most consumer durable stores hold sales in the month of October. The original idea of price reduction campaigns in October became popular when it was realized that sales of product would generally slow down following the Dussehra rush, were it not for some incentive. The lack of demand could be solved by the simple solution of reducing prices. There is now an increasing tendency among major consumer durable stores to have their Post Puja sale begin before Dessehra. The idea behind this trend is to endeavour to sell a maximum amount of stock at a profit, even if that may not be at the maximum profit. Which of the following conclusions cannot be drawn from the given observation. 1. The primary motive of sale is sale maximization and not profit maximization 2. Demand is a function of price : as you raise the price the demand will fall and vice versa 3. The profit maximization takes precedence over any other issue. 4. The timing of launch of sale is very important. DIRECTIONS for questions 108 to 150: Each passage in this part is followed by questions based on its contents. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer for each question. PASSAGE - 1 On account of heavy transport cost, cane growing areas had to be sufficiently concentrated in order to permit economic manufacture of sugar. Cane growing areas were sufficiently concentrated in 1931 for production of white sugar in UP and Bihar, but not in Bombay and Madras except in certain pockets. The main sugar-cane belt lay almost entirely outside the tropics and the growth and yield of sugar-canes had so far been much below those of tropical countries like Java, the main exporter of sugar to India. Cane was cultivated in small and scattered peasant holdings, rendering improvement in yield and regular supply to central factories extremely difficult. In peninsular India (Bombay and Madras Presidencies), which lay in the tropical belt, per acre yield was higher, but cost of cultivation on account of greater irrigation and manure costs was even higher, so the average cost of sugarcane per maund in UP and Bihar was estimated by the Tariff Board of 1938 to be Re. 0-3-4, whereas in Bombay and Madras it was Re. 0-5-10 respectively. An explanation of this differential may be found in the cost items given in the tariff Board of 1931 for cultivation of sugar-cane in Gorakhpur and Ahmednagar. In Gorakhpur the sugar cane yield per acre was only 811 maunds as against 1,225 maunds per acre in Ahmednagar, yet the price of cane was Re. 0-3-6 and Re. 0-5-4 respectively. There were no irrigation costs in Gorakhpur, whereas in Ahmednagar irrigation and Rs. 84-0-0; manure cost Rs. 29-5-3 in Gorakhpur and Rs. 174-0-0 in Ahmednagar; rent was Rs. 12-0-0 in Gorakhpur and Rs. 30-0-0 in Ahmednagar. It may also be noted that Madras did not benefit from the excellent research of the Coimbatore Agricultural Station which investigated sub-tropical conditions only and contributed substantially to the spread of improved varieties of cane in UP and Bihar. Nor had a suitable high-yielding variety of cane been discovered for Bombay by 1931. Madras had a tendency to concentrate paddy on irrigated field, which was very profitable, and also it produced a variety of crops - such as groundnut, cotton, plantains, chilies and tobacco -which limited the acreage of suitable irrigated land for sugar cultivation. The great cash crop of Bombay was cotton, and suitable irrigated blocks for sugar cultivation were created only when the provincial government took the matter in hand in the thirties. One consequence of the concentration of sugar cane cultivation in India in the sub-tropical region was a natural disadvantage in relation to Java, which was favourably situated for exporting refined white sugar to India, produced by scientific methods on large farms. A sugar Committee appointed by the Government reported in 1920 that the small size and inefficiency of the factories in India were mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of cane. The attainment of higher efficiency had to await the substantial extension of the acreage under improved varieties from 817,000 acres in 1930-31 to 3,341,000 acres in 1936-37, which raised the average yield per acre from 12.3 tons to 15.6 tons. This improvement in sugar-cane cultivation has been seen as a
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beneficial effect of the protection granted in 1931, but it should also be borne in mind that protection was so effective in improving sugar-cane cultivation only because other crops became less profitable during the Great Depression. At a time when the price of other crops was falling steeply, sugar-cane became relatively more profitable because of protection the sugar industry received. Walchand Hirachand's Ravalgaon farm was a clear case in point. The chief products of this farm - jaggery and cotton - showed a fall in 1931 from Rs. 38 per palla to Rs. 12 and from Rs. 300 per candy to Rs. 200 respectively. Walchand, therefore, switched to the cultivation of sugar-cane in 1933, being encouraged by the protection afforded to the industry. Walchand's Ravalgaon sugar farm became in time technologically one of the best equipped and most efficient sugar farms in India. It is doubtful if protection would have made such an immediate impact on sugar-cane cultivation if it had been granted earlier, in view of the earlier profitability of other crops. It may also be noted that the discovery of newer and more suitable varieties of sugarcane by agricultural research was bound to take some time. In the twenties the spread of improved varieties was rather slow, since the existing supply of water from rainfall and irrigation could not support some of the high-yielding but less hardy varieties of cane under existing methods of cultivation. The development of the Sarda Canal and the discovery of more suitable varieties for peasant cultivation at the Coimbatore station were factors which contributed to the spread of improved varieties in the thirties. After the great improvement in the supplies of sugar-cane from 1931 to 1937, no striking improvement in the quality of sugar-cane with regard to its sucrose content and yield per acre took place. The Indian Tariff Board reported in 1947 that Java sugar cane was as yet superior in these respects. Further improvement would require intensive research at cane-breeding stations and such research would need considerable public expenditure and agricultural extension services by the government. 108.Sugar-cane yield was low and could not be improved primarily because : 1. most of the cultivation was outside the tropics 2. cane was predominantly cultivated in small holdings. 3. the cost of irrigation was high 4. Tariff Board's prices were unremunerative 109. The per acre yield was highest in : 1. Bombay alone 2. Madras alone 3. UP and Bihar 4. Bombay and Madras

110.The Coimbatore Agricultural Station could not contribute to the improvement of sugarcane agriculture in Madras because: 1. Madras focused on profitable crops like paddy and tobacco. 2. Sugar-cane cropping in Madras was scattered. 3. The research was focused on sub-tropical conditions 4. None of the above 111. Protection to sugarcane factories in 1930 - 31 was successful because: 1. The cost differential of inputs was neutralised. 2. Average yield per acre rose by about 25 percent 3. Profitability on other crops fell 4. The rainfall was good that year 112. When the author considers the quality of sugar-cane, he is referring to: 1. The yield per acre 2. The total production of sugar-cane in the area 3. The sucrose content and the yield per acre of the crop 4. The sucrose content 113. Java had an advantage over India in the manufacture of sugar because: 1. Their farms were large and they used scientific methods 2. Concentration of sugar-cane cultivation in India was in the sub-tropics 3. The great cash crop of Bombay was cotton 4. Irrigation and manure cost was high in Bombay and Madras 1. A and C 2. A and D 3. A and B 4. C and D
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114. Why do sugar-cane growing areas have to be close together? 1. On account of high irrigation and manure costs 2. To support high yielding varieties 3. To keep cost of transportation low 4. All the above PASSAGE - 2 The adoption of the Single European Act by the members of the European Community marked the beginning of a crucial phase in the economic progress of Western Europe. This event has provoked considerable discussion, comment, and concern both inside and outside the community mainly because the Act seeks to create a single internal market by fusing some of the richest and most powerful economies in the world with a combined GNP of $4 trillion and 330 million citizens - the single largest trading block in the world with a significantly larger population and only slightly smaller GNP than the US. The community's share of trade with the rest of the world excluding the community itself is virtually the same as the combined share of that of the US and Japan. This single event, however, is only one stage in a process that has been on for the better part of the last half century. The formation of the European Iron and Steel Community, the Treaty of Rome, the expansion of the community and now the Single Market Act are steps in the direction of the integration of the vast resources of the nations of the European continent. This is a process driven as much by fear as by ambition. Some of the fears are self-evident. In this century, at least one hundred million people in Europe and many more outside have died in conflict, driven largely by internal economic rivalries. Other fears are less striking but not less important. The economic standing of Europe has been in decline compared with the US and Japan for most of the early 1980s. From 1979 to 1985, the European Community's share of world trade (excluding intra EC trade) declined by almost 1.5%, while that of the US increased by roughly 0.75% and of Japan by over 5%. This pattern of decline and the underlying acceptance of failure, summarised in the term 'Euro-pessimism', was seen as so well entrenched that only a major and dramatic initiative could reverse the feeling. A series of reports on the issue followed which ultimately culminated in the adoption of what came to be known as the Cockfield Report. The report recommended a seven-year time-table for action and 300 decisions for consideration by the Council before 1992. Little wonder then that the report became the cornerstone of the Single European Act, which was adopted by the European Community. Three basic stages have been spelt out towards the evolution of a single European market. The removal of physical barriers like frontier controls, transport quotas and so on. The abolition of technical barriers to trade and the prevention of new barriers from arising. This is coupled with increased freedom of movement for workers, creation of a common market in services, freer capital movement and greater industrial cooperation between members of the community. The removal of fiscal barriers by tackling the problem of VAT rates and excise duties. The Act also goes far beyond the creation of an internal market. A series of decisions have been made on majority voting, the powers of the European Parliament and so on which have brought about significant changes in balance of power within the community. The vision, which Delors saw for the Europe of the future was a vision of "a tangible Europe, a real community where travel, communication and trade are possible without any hindrance". The year 1992 increasingly has become a symbol of change rather than a final date in its own right. The goal of creating a favorable atmosphere for European firms to expand and develop their trade is being progressively accepted and endorsed by governments, industries and commerce across Europe. Even the early estimates that there would be a 5% growth per annum are now seen to be realistic. The potential gains are likely to occur from: Lower costs from elimination of frontier controls and simplification of administrative processes Improved efficiency from increased competition Greater exploitation of economies of scale Reallocation of resources and greater comparative advantage Increased innovation
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The Euro-pessimism referred to earlier is gradually being replaced by a new confidence and a sense of mission. This takes a number of forms which affect economic relations within the community and with other countries and regions of the world. Until recently, attention was primarily focused inwards. Discussion of the social charter developed alongside the debate on the Single European Act. The European Community is already active in a host of related fields. Agriculture and the Common Agricultural Policy have long been at the centre of community policy. Economic and social policies have emerged to tackle problems of job creation, working conditions, opportunities of the economic and socially disadvantaged and training. Over the last decade, there is increasing concern about the needs of future generations. Programmes to provide access to new technologies have been introduced. A determined effort has been launched to create a stronger sense of unity of Europe among young people, especially students. Mobility of citizens and better understanding of common interests and challenges is a priority. 115.Cooperation among countries within the European Community is 1. a consequence of the Single European Act 2. based largely on the discussion, comment and concern that preceded the Single European Act. 3. a fusion of some of the richest and most powerful economies in the world. 4. a process that has been on for the better part of the last half century. 116. The combined GNP of Western Europe is 1. Between $330 million and $4 trillion 2. Virtually the same as that of the US and Japan combined 3. Calculated by fusing some of the richest and most powerful economies of the world. 4. Only slightly smaller than that of the US 117. A primary motivation for the economic cooperation within the EC is 1. ambitions of individuals and nations 2. conflict and competition with the US and Japan 3. Europe's decline in world economic standing and fear of conflict among its member nations 4. Decline of 1.5% in its share of world trade. 118. The single most significant factor that influenced the Single European Act in recent years was 1. a series of reports on the issue 2. the Cockfield Report 3. adoption of a cornerstone by the EC 4. evolution of a single European market 119.The most important outcome of the Single European Act is likely to result from 1. increasing acceptance and endorsement of the goal of the Act by the governments, industries and commerce 2. replacement of Euro-pessimism by a new confidence and a sense of mission. 3. improvement of economic relations within the community and with the other countries of the world. 4. lower costs, improved efficiency, exploitation of economies of scale, reallocation of resources and innovations. 120. The sense of mission of the European Community is expressed by 1. activities in many other fields, concern for welfare of disadvantaged people, concern for the needs of future generations and creation of new programmes. 2. shift of focus which was primarily inwards, to discussion of the Social Charter. 3. emergence of economic and social policies to tackle problems of job creation. 4. creating technologies for mobilising citizens, particularly the younger people and students. 121. Early estimates that there would be a growth of 5% per annum 1. are now seen to be correct because the EC became active in a host of related fields 2. are now seen to be realistic 3. have now come true because of the social charter and the Agriculture
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4. were developed based on the analysis by Delors

CATALYST 01

122. The European Community felt that the best way to tackle its economic problem was 1. to improve cooperation within member countries and between EC and other regions of the world 2. removal of all trade barriers so as to stop the rising share of the US and Japan in world trade 3. adoption of some suitable legislation for all its member countries 4. to integrate the vast resources of its member countries 123. The economic standing of the European Community 1. was negligible prior to 1992 when the Single European Act was adopted. 2. improved substantially after the Cockfield Report was accepted as a cornerstone for the Single European Act. 3. is likely to improve because new jobs are going to be created as a result of trade barriers 4. has been in decline for most of the early 1980s compared to that of the US and Japan. PASSAGE - 3 The recent Gulf War has demonstrated the fragile dependence of the industrialised as well as the non-oil producing industrialising countries on petroleum as an energy source. One does not know what will be the long term impact of the Gulf War on oil prices, but it makes sense for a country like India, whose economy and balance of payment have become heavily dependent on oil prices, to do all it can to promote the use of alternative and renewable sources of energy. In this broader context EDA's efforts to manufacture and market solar cookers is a laudable, albeit small step in addressing the national priority for energy conservation. Why is the rural market segment important for this product? If we look carefully at the product features it becomes clear that very few people in urban areas are likely to find it useful. Two things that the urban consumers (those who will be able to invest Rs.375 in a solar cooker) are generally short of are : a ) time, and b) private open spaces with direct sunshine. Yet the basic requirements of a solar cooker are precisely these two. One needs to wait for two to three hours before a meal is cooked whereas the consumer may not have the time. The husband and children may need to take the meals with them before they leave for office or school in the morning. The housewife may not have the patience to be tied to a slow cooker, and if the woman of the house is a working woman, the cooker is not useful at all. Secondly, one needs private open space with plenty of direct sunshine to use the solar cooker. One cannot imagine the consumer carrying the cooker out to a neighbourhood park or maidan every day. Even wheeling it out to a terrace is cumbersome, apart from the fact that not many households have a terrace with direct sunlight at the time they wish to cook. Many urban households live in flats where small windows do not allow too much sunshine to come in. Others may get direct sunlight only in the afternoon. Even drying of clothes is such a problem that the thought of using a solar cooker is ruled out. In spite of these obvious disadvantages the marketing strategy seems to be focused on the urban consumer. Even if we assume for arguments sake that time and sunshine are available in plenty, what is the incentive to use the cooker ? Saving on fuel to the extent of Rs. 81 to Rs. 117 per annum as reported by 91 percent of the consumers is too meagre, given the likely income of Rs.30000 to Rs.60000 per annum for such households. The fact that the nutritious value of the food is retained is also not a very appealing argument as we know the consumer behaviour with respect to cigarette smoking and the use of saturated fats in cooking where no amount of advertising linking these with heart disease has reduced consumption of these products. All in all, trying to sell the solar cooker in urban areas is like trying to sell a square peg to a round-hole buyer. Let us for a moment turn to the rural consumer. First, the people in rural areas, given their occupation profiles, are not pressurised for time. This may not be true of roughly 30 per cent of the households that are landless and are therefore engaged in labour or in artisan trades. For the large percentage of households engaged in agriculture there is no such thing as a 9 am to 5 pm schedule. Often, due to the availability of irrigation water from electrified tubewells and canals late at night, agricultural households spend many days relatively unoccupied. Secondly, there is plenty of direct
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CATALYST 01

sunshine in rural areas and also each household has certain amount of open private space in the form of a courtyard. Many a time the kitchen is detached from the living rooms, so that carrying of food utensils is a habitual practice. In such households using a solar cooker can be feasible and useful provided it is properly marketed to them. Also, as LPG and kerosene are virtually not available in rural areas, and with firewood and cow dung cakes becoming relatively scarce, there is a genuine need for alternative sources of cooking energy. Thus in my view the rural agricultural households are the ideal target market segment for solar cookers. 124. The main reason for promoting renewable and alternate sources of energy in India is : 1. the impact of the recent Gulf War on oil prices 2. the poverty in rural areas 3. the severe impact of oil prices on the economy 4. to address the problem of energy conservation 125. The central issue discussed in the passage is 1. the importance of solar energy as a replacement for oil imports. 2. that EDA should market solar cookers in rural areas rather than in urban areas 3. that selling solar cookers in urban areas is like trying to sell a square peg to a round hole buyer. 4. how to solve India's pressing problem of developing alternate sources of energy. 126. Urban households do not use solar cookers extensively because : 1. they do not care for the nutritional value of food. 2. the incentive of Rs. 81 to Rs. 117 given to them is not sufficient. 3. the space required for drying clothes rules out the use of solar cookers. 4. they are short of time and open space with direct sunshine. 127. Rural households are more likely to use solar cookers because: 1. they are not pressurised for time and there is plenty of private open space direct sunshine 2. LPG is virtually not available while firewood and cow dung are scarce. 3. only about 30 percent of them are landless and the rest have to spend many days relatively unoccupied because they can employ labour 4. they are used to carrying food utensils habitually as required in solar cooking. 128. Solar cooking is superior because : 1. the nutritional value of food is retained 2. the danger of heart disease is reduced 3. the use of saturated fats can be reduced 4. it saves Rs. 81 to Rs. 117 per annum for urban households 129. Carrying of food utensils around is a habitual practice in rural areas because : . 1. there is a certain amount of open private space in the form of a courtyard 2. the kitchen is detached from the living rooms 3. unlike urban women, rural women are more used to physical work. 4. women have to go long distances for obtaining firewood and cow dung which are becoming scarce. 130. The author recommends that EDA should : 1. carefully look at the product features of solar cookers before marketing them. 2. target rural agricultural households for marketing solar cookers. 3. market solar cookers properly because alternative sources of energy are urgently required 4. make solar cookers for urban households that use less sunlight

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PASSAGE 4 Mr. Ramesh lyer obtained a degree in engineering from UK and came back to India to continue the family tradition of setting up an industry. He settled down in the western part of India and set up a small unit to manufacture small and medium size electric transformers. To start with, he tied himself with a large electrical engineering company as an ancillary unit and subsequently grew into a larger unit, selling in the open market. After running the company successfully for ten years, by which time he had acquired partners, he sold his interest to the partners and started a new enterprise to manufacture electric motors of fractional hp. He entered into collaboration with a German firm for this which meant he had to import all his copper requirement and that the German firm would buy 40 percent of the output at prices fixed by them. Subsequently the company went public though Mr.lyer and the German collaborators held fifty percent of the shares between them. When Mr. Iyer discovered a steady growth of large public enterprises in India in areas like power generation, railways, heavy electricals etc. he felt he could get a captive market for medium size switchgear equipment. Hence, he resigned from the motor company and started another firm, as a private limited company. The other owner members being Mr. Rao, an old companion of his who was a qualified accountant and company secretary and Mr. Amte, a qualified electrical engineer with several years of experience in production. Shortly thereafter, this firm, registered as "lyer Industries", included another product for manufacturing, namely transformer radiators. The reason was that the product was very simple to manufacture and the major customers of switchgears also required these radiator. In addition there were larger potential customers. Cold rolled steel required for this product had to be imported, however. By now, the company went public, though Mr. lyer held 90% of the shares. The "public" consisted of only some financial institutions and employees. After a visit to the Continent, Mr/ lyer decided to set up a division to manufacture electric power supply units. This was facilitated by a PC board manufacturing and dip soldering equipment imported from the countries that he visited. From the point of organisation structure, Mr. lyer was the managing director, Mr. Rao, the financial controller and company secretary and Mr. Amte, the technical manager. There were three divisions namely, switchgear, radiator and power supply, each headed by a production manager. Mr. Amte was himself the production manager of the switchgear division in addition to being the technical manager of the organisation to whom the other production managers also reported. He was apparently not very keen about the other divisions. Though from a professional point of view, Mr lyer had to hold Amte in regard, the relation between them seemed very formal and somewhat strained. Mr. Rao, on the other hand, was very close to lyer. The market for both switchgears and radiators was captive, though limited, but the sales of power supplies was very poor. In spite of all the expensive equipment, the capacity was poorly utilised. There was a senior marketing manager ( brought in from Mr. lyer's previous company) who was looking after the marketing of the entire company but, additionally, there was a young MBA as sales officer for the power supplies. He was operationally independent but technically reported to the marketing manager. He and the production manager felt that the potential market for the product was actually very high but certain other factors (which they couldn't express) led to their poor order books. lyer Industries was making losses ( over a sale of over Rs.5 crores) since two years and there was a growing discontent among the workers. There were rumors that all the profits made by the older divisions were being annulled by the power supply division thus cutting off their bonus. Their belief was that this situation was being deliberately manipulated. The other members of the board had also begun questioning the style of the organisation's functioning. Manufacturing of switchgears consisted mostly of assembly work. Only the frame required actual manufacturing and that consisted of making cabinets, brackets and consoles. These jobs were carried out at the sheet metal workshop of the company. All the other components like relays, motors, circuit breakers, meters, etc. were procured from outside. They were produced on a job order basis and each job was scheduled as a project. That is, each time they got an order from a customer, a list of components required would be made and would be procured from outside or from the stores. Engineering drawings for the cabinets and frames would be identified or prepared afresh and orders
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would be placed on the workshop for their manufacture. Once these were ready, they would be assembled by groups of individuals according to a laid out assembly line. Production planning consisted of deciding on the time required for each stage and preparing a workable schedule. Radiators depended exclusively on an automatic seam welding machine. Cold rolled sheets had to be first cut into equal rectangular sheets using a shearing machine. Each sheet would then be run through the machine to make ducts for conduits. Two such sheets would then be placed face-toface and the machine would weld them along the ridges. These constituted the fins of the radiator. According to the size of the radiator, these fins would be assembled on frames made of hollow steel pipes. There would be one inlet and one outlet for cooling oil to flow through the hollow frame and through the cooling fins. Planning would consist of making a rough forecast of the different sizes of radiators that would be required over the year and then a quantity per week would be determined based on the average rate of production in the past. These were made to stock and actual demand normally could be met from this inventory. Electronic power supplies came in a variety of ranges from 0.2 KVA capacity to 5 KVA capacity. The process consisted of preparing the appropriate Printed Circuit Boards (PCB), assembling the components (all of which were bought from outside), dipping them in a solder bath, testing the circuits and, finally, mounting the boards on a metal chassis and closing the box. The PCBs themselves consisted to taking a film of the circuit diagram and masking the surface of a photosensitised copper clad laminate; exposing the laminate in bright light and subsequently etching the copper appropriately. This entire process was automatised through the special machine. It required little manpower but rigorous inspection techniques at each stage. Planning was based on the status of the order books. 131. "lyer Industries" was set up by Mr. Ramesh lyer as his 1. second enterprise 2. fourth enterprise 3. third enterprise 4. private enterprise

132. The understanding between his German collaborators and lyer was that 1. they would hold 50 percent of the shares 2.the Germans would buy motors at their prices 3. lyer could sell his motors in India 4. the quality should meet German standards 133. It could be inferred that lyer Industries was established primarily because 1. the motor company became public 2. Mr. Ramesh lyer had to resign from the motor company for various reasons. 3. Mr. Ramesh lyer apparently saw a new entrepreneurial opportunity. 4. a trip to the continent gave new ideas to Mr. Ramesh lyer 134. It can be inferred from the passage that Mr. Amte 1. was a very successful engineer 2. was reluctant technical manager 3. was disliked by the manager of the power supply division 4. was known to Mr. lyer for many years 135. A careful analysis of the passage may lead one to infer that a conflict was more likely to exist between 1. the technical manager and the company secretary. 2. the managing director and the board of governors. 3. Mr. Ramesh lyer and the Germans 4. the sales officer (power supply division) and the marketing manager. 136. Which one of the products of lyer Industries was least automated ? 1. Switchgears 2. Radiators 3. Power Supplies 4. None of them 137. Which one of the products of lyer Industries is manufactured without having to wait for orders? 1. Switchgears 2. Radiators 3. Power Supplies 4. None of them
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CATALYST 01

138. Which of the products produced by Mr. lyer's enterprise was meant as an ancillary product ? 1. Transfomers 2. Motors 3. Switchgears 4. All of them 139. The product that requires rigorous inspection is : 1. Switchgears 2. Motors 3. Power Supplies 140. The workers of lyer Industries seem to be discontented with 1. the losses of the company 2. the unfriendly atmosphere of the company 3. the automation of radiator manufacturing 4. the functioning of the Power Supply division 141. What prompted Mr. lyer to manufacture switchgears ? 1. availability of technical know-how. 2. growth of potential demand for switchgears 3. availability of German collaboration 4. nothing in particular PASSAGE - 5 One of the greatest public speaking failures of my career took place last summer at Valparaiso University in Indiana, where I addressed a convention of editors of college newspapers. I said many screamingly funny things but the applause was dismal at the end. During the evening I asked one of my hosts in what way I had offended the audience. He replied that they had hoped I would moralise. They had hired me as a moralist. So now when I speak to students, I do moralise. I tell them not to take more than they need, not to be greedy. I tell them not to kill, even in self-defence. I tell them not to pollute water or the atmosphere. I tell them not to raid the public treasury. I tell them not to commit war crimes or to help others to commit war crimes. These morals go over very well. They are of course echoes of what the young say to themselves. I had a friend from Schenectady visit me recently, and he asked me this," why are fewer young Americans going into science each year?" I told him that the young were impressed by the war crimes trials at Nuremberg. They were afraid that careers in science could all too easily lead to the commission of war crimes. They don't want to make discoveries which will lead to improved weapons. They don't want to work for corporations that pollute water or atmosphere or raid the public treasury. So they go into other fields. They become physicists who are so virtuous that they don't go into physics at all. At the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, the students have been raising hell about the university doing secret government work. I got to talking with some of the students about the protests that had been made against the recruiters for DowChemicals, manufacturers of napalm among other things. I offered the opinion that an attack on a Dow recruiter was about as significant as an attack on the doorman or theatre usher. I didn't think the recruiter stood for anything. I called attention to the fact that during the Dow protest at Harvard a couple of years back, the actual inventor of napalm was able to circulate through the crowd of protestors unmolested. I didn't find the fact that he was unmolested reprehensible. I saw it as a moral curiosity, though I did not mean to suggest to the students at Ann Arbor that the inventor of napalm should have been given one hell of a time. 142. In his address at Valparaiso University, the author 1. became the greatest public speaker of the summer 2. made the audience laugh a lot by screaming in a funny way. 3. was dismayed by the applause at the end. 4. felt that he did not make a significant impression on the audience 143. People who are moralists are 1. young people who speak to themselves about water and atmosphere pollution 2. the butt of ridicule of this passage
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4. All of them

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3. opposed to taking up science as a career. 4. concerned about hiring workers to raid the public treasury 144. The author's perception is that young people 1. like to hear lectures on morals 2. were so impressed by the Nuremberg trials that they gave up physics 3. would have been scientists but for the pollution created by science 4. do not like to kill even in self-defence

CATALYST 01

145. According to the author, the inventor of napalm 1. was morally reprehensible 2. should have been attacked but was not 3. was not attacked by Harvard students 4. was a moral curiosity 146. It is implied from the author's comments that the present day students 1. do not care much for scientific discoveries 2. prefer to be told what is right or wrong 3. lack a sense of discipline 4. lack a sense of humor 147. The style of the passage is indicative of 1. a serious concern 3. the anamolous character of students 2. raising an alarm 4. a touch of sarcasm

148. According to author, the younger generation of the day 1. is mildly concerned with the relationship between science and warfare 2. is disgusted with science. 3. is obsessed with the role of science in producing weapons 4. would like to do everything to stop war 149. The significance of the author comparing the Dow recruiter to the theatre usher is to bring home the point that 1. the Dow recruiter had no say in what Dow Chemicals did 2. in a sense, both of them were responsible for the entry of people intro the system. 3. one has to start one's career at lower levels of the organization. 4. the students are losing their perspectives 150. The remark that they become physicists "so virtuous that they don't go into physics at all" 1. is an uncalled for remark 2. should be of serious concern to all 3. can be termed very insightful 4. can be termed sarcastic

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