FIGURE 2.10 Defining the unit of measurement for voltage.

FIGURE 2.11 Symbol for a dc voltage source.

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.12 (a) Cutaway of cylindrical Energizer alkaline cell; (b) Eveready Energizer

FIGURE 2.13 Lithium-iodine primary cells. (Courtesy of Catalyst Research Corp.)

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.14 Maintenance-free 12-V (actually 12.6-V) lead-acid battery. (Courtesy of Delco-Remy, a division of General Motors Corp.)

FIGURE 2.15 Rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. (Courtesy of Eveready Batteries.)

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.16 Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery for the IBM lap-top computer.

FIGURE 2.17 Solar module. (Courtesy of Motorola Semiconductor Products.)

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.20 dc generator.

FIGURE 2.21 dc laboratory supply. (Courtesy of Leader Instruments Corporation.)

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.22 dc laboratory supply: (a) available terminals; (b) positive voltage with respect to (w.r.t.) ground; (c) negative voltage w.r.t. ground; (d) floating supply.

FIGURE 2.25 Voltmeter connection for an up-scale (1) reading.

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.26 Ammeter connection for an up-scale (1) reading.

FIGURE 2.27 Volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM) analog meter.

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.28 Digital multimeter (DMM). (Courtesy of John

FIGURE 2.29 (a) Eveready D cell flashlight; (b) electrical schematic of flashlight of part (a); (c) Duracell Powercheck D cell battery.

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.30 Battery charger: (a) external appearance; (b) internal construction.

FIGURE 2.31 Electrical schematic for the battery charger of FIGURE 2.30.

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education

FIGURE 2.33 Internal construction of the 9-V dc supply of FIGURE 2.32.

Robert L. Boylestad Introductory Circuit Analysis, 10ed.

2004 by Pearson Education