MODULE 9: POPULATION LESSON 1: POPULATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Overview Improving the quality of life of all Filipinos has

been the overarching concern of development efforts in the Philippines. With its democratic political institutions and processes back in place, the country is focusing its attention on empowering present and future Filipinos in order to improve their quality of life. The countrys development path is set on three interdependent strategies: 65y.o. above Human development pertains to empowering people through improved health, nutrition, and education as well as attending to their spiritual, political, and socio-cultural needs. World-competitiveness - addresses to the economic aspects of people empowerment Sustainable development- ensures that peoples life-sustaining ecosystems are protected and cared for. 18-64y.o. 17 y.o. below B. Population Structure The age-sex structure of a population describes its composition according to the number of males and female in a given age groupings. Population Pyramid is a special type of bar chart that shows the age and sex distribution of the population. Expansive has a broad sense indicating a high proportion of children and a rapid population growth

Constructive has a base that is narrower than the middle of the pyramid usually a result of a rapid decline in fertility affecting the younger age groups 65y.o. above 18-64 y.o. 17 y.o. below

POPULATION - refers to the number of people living in a given area - aggregate of individuals who have access to the environment as a means of sustenance and who are in the state of interdependence (Hawley, 1971) - number of persons occupying a certain geographical area drawing subsistence from their environment, and interacting with one another (sociologists definition) COMPONENTS OF POPULATION A. Population Growth -Demography the study of population -Growth Rate theincrease of population Growth Rate Formula:

Stationary has a narrow base with approximately equal numbers in each subsequent age group, tapering off at the older ages and indicating a moderate proportion of children at slow rate 64y.o. above 18-64y.o.

No. of Birth - No. of Death + Net Migration 17 y.o. below Total Population Dependency Ratio Formula: Population 0-14 years + over 16 years X 100% Population 15-64 years old C. Spatial Distribution Population density or the number of population per square meter of land area shows the spatial distribution of population

DETERMINANTS OF POPULATIOM FERTILITY every time a baby is born, the population increases by one Crude Birth Rate (CBR) number of births per 1000 population in a given year B CBR = P x 1,000 mid-year population total live births per year

Reasons for migration: employment pursuit of higher education Expectation of better housing, amenities, and social services Political instability Natural calamities; e.g. volcano eruption, typhoon Yolanda Population pressure on agricultural lands NET migration rate = no. of persons entering less no. of persons leaving the country

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) average number of children per woman (kungilanganakang capacity ngbawatbabae) MORTALITY every time a person dies, whether young or old, the population decreases by one Crude Death Rate (CDR) number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year D CBR = P x 1,000 mid-year population total deaths in a year

CONSEQUENCES OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH 1. Economic Development 2. Education it affects education in a way that not all youths/kids are able to go to school and our country is in need of a lot of teachers, principals, classrooms, seats and schools. 3. Employment most of the people with or without college degree are unemployed or underemployed 4. Health & other resources because of rapid population growth not everyone are given the chance to eat properly or eat healthy foods, or consume their daily needs 5. Ecosystem a community of plants and animals together with the environment that controls it; it is capable of renewing itself The combined effect of poverty and rapid population growth including migration, whether to the urban or upland areas, have increased the pressure on and affected the quality of the environment and natural resource base. FOREST COASTAL AREAS WATER SUPPLY FARMS

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) number of deaths among infants (<1year) per 1000 live births in a given year Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) the rate at which the population in increasing (or decreasing) in a given year due to a surplus of births (or deficits) over deaths (this rate does not take into account population migration) RNI = Birth Rate (CBR) - Death Rates (CDR) MIGRATION relatively a permanent movement of a person over a significant distance International Migration Movement from one country to another Immigration Internal Migration Migration within provinces or a state In-migration

Difference

LESSON 2: POPULATION, ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Overview Human activities have affected the environment in a number of ways

Inward movement into a certain area Departure from the area

Emigration

Out-migration

Environment Crisis -a situation demanding immediate corrective action, if such is possible, to avert deterioration, damage, or destruction of the affected system Carrying Capacity the number of people that the earth can support without irreversibly reducing its capacity to support population in the future. Population and Environment Environmental Problems: 1. Resources deterioration this problem arises from shortage of food, minerals, power and other basic resources 2. Environmental Pollution pollution of air, water and land causing biospheric destruction that affect human health and the quality of life 3. Radioactivity from nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production Population and Natural Resources A country's population depends on its natural resources for food, clothing, shelter and livelihood. Rapid population growth increases the demand for the use and exploitation of these resources. It threatens a country's capabilities to provide for the needs of present and future generations. Proper Management and control of population growth will help renewable and recyclable resources to regenerate. It will likewise promote the efficient use and conservation of nonrenewable resources like coal and oil. Resources 1. Land Resources -

Negative effects of mining: - threats to water and food security, and to habitat and biodiversity (Environmental impact) Deforestation Risk of geologic hazards Loss of productivity of agricultural areas Adverse effects of fisheries Micro-climate change Extinction of wildlife species Pollution from waste materials Loss of aesthetic and tourism values natural wilderness areas (Social impact) health problems displacement of local residents and indigenous people divisions or conflicts among these groups 6. Energy Resources

LESSON 3: INTEGRATED POLICIES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2. Forest Resources Overview Environment resources and population are interlocking and mutually dependent systems. The synergistic effects of the systems have profound consequences on the development processes at various levels. It is, therefore, necessary to delineate macro level and micro level issues and at the same time to analyze the interacting influence of these factors at the individual, institutional, and social levels... Population and Rural Poverty Food grain production should keep pace with the worlds growing population

3. Marine Resources -

4. Water Resources -

5. Mineral Resources -

Negative trends of food grain production Overexploitation of land Erosion of the soil Salinity problems Excessive use of fertilizers Integrated Policies for Sustainable Development To solve problems arising from population and environment interaction: Sectoral isolationism should be replaced by integrated approaches Innovative operations management projects should be encouraged particularly in ecologically degraded areas and disadvantaged communities. Integrated approaches should deal with: Population and environmental education Appropriate technologies Gender sensitization Administrative system It is necessary to pay special attention to the creation of a positive socio-political environment to attain objectives. This can be achieved by involving nongovernmental organizations, by using print and electronic media, and by encouraging community involvement. So far, most environmental and population reports have been presented in an uninteresting way with emphasis on dry facts, difficult terminology, and lengthy official statements. The media experts have to be more proactive than reactive. To achieve full cooperation from the media and to enhance their more understanding of issues, there should be regular training workshops for media personnel. RESOURCES FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH The financial resources available to developing countries must be adequate in order to be useful in promoting a multi-dimensional integrated approach towards sustainable development. Funds are needed not only for human power and institutional infrastructure but also for the development of environment-friendly technology. Skilled human power is needed to carry out different sets of complex tasks; hence, human resource development dimension should be given more emphasis. Educational, religious, and cultural institutions, along with the network of informal groups, should be involved in organizing popular movements and campaigns.

The Interrelationship Between and Among Population, Resources, Environment, and Sustainable Development

Reported by: Jennet Castro Sarah Espiritu ArcelPajaron Lady SharleenLoronio KerstineLayug Angelica Yangco AikoBacani Junelyn Fuentes