Applied Fisheries Assignment

Components of a small dam prefeasibility report

An Overview

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Zainab Saeed Z08-13 7th semester Department of Zoology Punjab University

Submitted to: Dr. Muhammad Naeem Khan

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Pre-Feasibility report:

The purpose of a pre-feasibility study is to select the preferred option (Base Case) for the project development (including mine access, mining method, process method, etc.). This base case option is then developed in sufficient detail to support decisions to commit the additional funds (typically several million dollars) required in order to collect additional information, carry out a final project feasibility study, and successfully complete the required project permitting reserve report has been completed and an orebody model showing the orebody shape, tonnes, and grade is available. Initial geotechnical, mineralogical, and metallurgical assessments may also have been carried out. The confidence in the accuracy of this data will reflect directly efforts. By the time a decision is made to proceed with a pre-feasibility study, a preliminary resource/ in the confidence in the completed pre-feasibility study. A pre-feasibility level of study provides a continuation of work from a favourable scoping study decision. Typically, the first activity will be to carry out a review of the various tradeoff options presented in the scoping study. This may include basic schematic designs, scope descriptions, a comparative schedule and cost estimate, and a table of advantages and disadvantages for each of the options. Various options for each topic (for example, mine access) are compared and a recommendation of the preferred option is then provided. In some cases, a ranking table will be used to help the decision-making process. This table will list key factors for the various options being compared (e.g. safety, schedule, capital cost, operating cost, project risk) with a relative weighting (normally 1 3) assigned for this factor under each option. As well, each factor itself will have an importance weighting value assigned (again, normally 1 3). The sum of the option ranking and the factor weighting is entered under each option, and the option with the highest combined total for all factors will normally be the preferred option.

Components of a small dam pre-feasibility report:

When writing a small dam pre-feasibility report, it must consist of following components.

2.1 Name of the Project

The first step in writing a pre-feasibility report is to write the name of the project.

2.2 Location of the project

We have to mention the place where the small dam is to be constructed. All the coordinates must be given. It must be mentioned where it is located, and near which area. The map of the area must also be given to easily spot the given location.

2.3 Authorities responsible

The authorities who are responsible must be mentioned. In the case of small dams, following authorities must be mentioned. Authorities who are sponsoring this project

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Those who are responsible for executing the project Those who are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the of the project The federal ministry which is concerned with this project.

All of these authorities must be mentioned.

2.4 Plan provision

It must be indicted that whether the project is included in the five year plan or not. If it is included, its allocation must be specified. If it is not included than it must be specifies that how it is going to be accommodated.

2.5 Project objectives and its relationship with sector objectives

First the objectives of the sector/sub sector project included in the five year plan must be explained. After that the relation or link to the proposed project must be indicated and the purpose of the project must be explained. If your project is a revised project then the objectives must be explained in such a way which separates it from the original pc-1 document i.e. new objectives must be explained.

2.6 Description, justification, technical parameters and transfer aspects

2.6.1 The project area The area in which the project is to be set up must be observed. Following steps fall under the project area. 2.6.1.1 Area and population The total area in where the dam is to constructed must be mentioned. The population of that area, its literacy rate and average household size etc. must also be mentioned. 2.6.1.2 Physiography The riven on which the dam to be constructed must be mentioned. It is crucial to mention the location and terrain surrounding it. The direction and division and tributaries must also be mentioned. If there are any other dam sites near that area, they must also be mentioned. The height of the banks must also be provided. 2.6.2 Climate The climate of the area has a very unique importance. The climate, rainfall and temperature of that area must be given. The maximum and minim um temperature and rainfall must also be mentioned. 2.6.3 Hydrology Along with other aspects, the hydrology of that project site must be listed.

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Water availability

The water availability is the most important aspect in the small dams project study. The average annual historic flow for a recorded period must mentioned. A mean annual runoff must be assessed for the proposed project. Sedimentation

Estimation of sedimentation inflow is a prerequisite for planning of any reservoir, as life of a reservoir is directly affected by the rate of sediment inflow. The sediment flow must be estimated and mentioned in the pre-feasibility report. Capacity and life of reservoir

Sediment deposition in the area will result in death of that reservoir. With the help of some method the reservoir capacity reduction and sedimentation accumulation must be determined. With the help of this the life of the reservoir is estimated. 2.6.4 Geology The study of geology provides a complete overview of the properties of certain region. All the mountain ranges, the formations of different eras of the geological time scale must be studied and their location must be known. A complete analysis of that area is necessary. 2.6.5 Soils The general nature of soil is studied which indicates the type of land which is available. While studying the soil is divided into many classes, Class I : Very good agricultural land The soil of this class are deep to very deep, level to nearly level, medium to moderately fine textured, well drained, fertile and having good moisture holding capacity. They have no tillage or management problems and are capable of giving very high yield for a wide range of crops. Class II : Good agricultural land This class includes irrigated and irrigable areas. The soils of this class are fertile but suffer from minor limitations like erosion, salinity, water holding capacity, permeability; temporary wetness etc. on account of this minor limitation choice of crops is slightly restricted while production potential is lower that class-I land. These minor limitations can be easily removed at economical costs. This type of land is most dominant in the small dam command area. Class III : Moderate agricultural land The soils representing this class suffer from moderate limitations for crop production throughout the year or severe limitations during a crop season. The choice of crops is further restricted. The removal of these limitations is expensive and time consuming. Class IV : Marginal agricultural land These soils suffer from severe limitations which cannot be removed at economical costs. The production potential is poor and choice of suitable crops is much restricted.

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The production levels can be somewhat improved by improving soil fertility through organic manuring and introduction of better tillage practices. Class V to VII : The scope of range land improvement and afforestation without irrigation is very much limited therefore the land under these classes will continue to be used for general grazing. Some of the grazing land is proposed to be irrigated excluding those falling in the miscellaneous areas classified as unproductive. Class VIII : Unproductive land Highly eroded, arid stony or arid mountainous land having no potential for agriculture, range land or forestry has been included in this class. It is best to leave it in natural state. Some parts of this land may need afforestation or other protection measures to protect adjoining lands.

2.6.6 Irrigation While discussing irrigation, following points must be mentioned; 2.6.6.1 Implementation of high efficiency irrigation system in command area of proposed project It must be mentioned which type of irrigation system is used and who is constructing all the dams and structures. The services of agriculture expert, irrigation expert, livestock expert and fisheries are taken. The members of every department must be listed and also their annual cost of services must be stated. 2.6.7 Agriculture The cropping capacity of the area must be considered and mentioned. The temperature ranges control the cropping of the command area so the climatic conditions must be considered. It must be considered that whether subsistence level agriculture or any other method is possible or not. The limitations must also be mentioned which cause any type of hindrance cropping of the land. 2.6.8 Any other relevant economic characteristics of the project area Discuss any other relevant economic characteristics of the project area. 2.6.9 Problems of the area List the problems which are faced in the area of proposed project. 2.6.10 Solutions It is actually the basic purpose of the project that if the project is completed how the problems of the area will be solved. 2.6.11 Description of engineering project Following point must be stated while describing the engineering project; 2.6.11.1 The current project In the case of small dam pre-feasibility study, describe where and how the dam will be constructed. Mention the area and all the coordinates estimated. Also state the annual flow at

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the dam site must also be stated. The specifics of the components of a small dam must be stated. Reservoirs The characteristics of the reservoir to be built must be mentioned like mean annual flow, mean annual rainfall, live storage, life of reservoir, flood surcharge level etc. Main dam and spillway The characteristics of main dam and spillway must be stated like height of the dam, crest elevation, top width, river bed elevation, spillway crest elevation, spillway width and spill way capacity. Outlet works The outlet works constructed are mentioned like sedimentation flushing tunnel and irrigation/ power conduit Irrigation systems Irrigation system is mentioned like high efficiency irrigation system is mostly used and must be mentioned also in the cost estimate. Power House Mention how much power can be exploited by the system. It is used in operating valves and providing lights to the dams and housing area of dam.

2.6.11.2 Salient features of the project In the report the salient features of the project are also described briefly.

2.7 Capital cost Estimates

For the capital cost estimation first indicate the date of estimation of project cost. 2.7.1 Basis of determining capital cost The basis of determining capital cost must be provided. It includes market survey, schedule rates, estimation on the basis of the previous work done etc. 2.7.2 Bill of quantities The bill of quantities for each project component must be worked out on the basis of feasibility level designs and drawing prepared. All the major items which have influence on the project cost must be included. The provision of minor items which can only be identified and quantified in detail design must be made through contingency amount. The abstract of cost estimates be shown in tabular for and if the pc-1 is revised then the comparison should be made. 2.7.3 Scope of the cost estimate First describe or list the components for which cost is to be estimated. 2.7.4 Project cost List the project base cost including cost of work, land acquisition and resettlement cost, authoritys overhead cost, and engineering services cost. Interest must also be mentioned.

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2.8 Annual operation and maintenance cost after completion of the project
The economics cost includes all costs such as contingencies, escalation during construction, cost of employment of consultants for construction and supervision, design review and IDC. Mention the source of financing and who will be benefited from this project.

2.9 Demand and supply analysis

2.9.1 Existing capacity of services and its supply/ demand Mention the area which the command area covers, and also out of it how much is cultivable waste and uncultivable, how it is irrigated, how much is rain fed and how much is kept fallow. 2.9.2 Project demand for 10 years Indicate the project demand for 10 years in a way that how much command area will be irrigated by the irrigation system used. 2.9.3 Capacity of project being implemented in public/ private sector Show where the project is being implemented and mention the gross reservoir capacity and how many powerhouses will be installed. Also estimate the energy that will be produced annually. 2.9.4 Supply/ demand gap List the benefits which will be availed from this project specially mention how the unused area will be utilized. 2.9.5 Designed capacity and output of the proposed project Mention how much is the capacity is of the irrigation system used.

2.10 Financial plan

Mention how much the total outlay capacity of the project is. Also mention the sourced of financing. Indicate the amount of equity be financed from each source. 2.10.1 Sponsors own resources If there are any sponsors own resources then list them also. 2.10.2 Federal government The total outlay capacity from the federal government must be mentioned. 2.10.3 Provincial government If there is any cost development from the provincial government list it also. 2.10.4 DFIs/ Banks Cost from DFIs/Banks must also be mentioned. 2.10.5 General public If there is some contribution from general public, then mention it.

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2.10.6 Foreign Equity Indicate if there is some partner agency.

2.11 Project benefits and analysis

Agricultural benefits of the project Mention the agricultural benefits of the projects a. Crop benefits Mention the benefits the like increase in the cropped area, increase in yields, increase in total output, changes in cropping intensity and intensity etc. you can also show it in tabular form. b. Other benefits If there are other benefits like livestock benefits, fisheries, and wildlife etc. must be mentioned. Non Agricultural benefits of the project

Other non-agricultural benefits must also be mentioned. Like through spillways the floods can be controlled hence the infrastructure can be saved. Moreover there can be improvement in the rural water supply and there can be improvement in the regional environment. The power and energy benefits can be obtained. Due to change in environment there can be reduction in CO2 Emission. 2.11.1 Economic and financial analysis 2.11.1.1 Approach to economic analysis The conventional form of the economic analysis estimates the economic benefits over the assumed life of a project and compares them with economic costs by bringing the two streams of benefits and costs on comparable basis. The economic justification of project is them assessed on the basis of the results obtained by application of the efficiency criterion of public investment using the discounted cash flow method. The computed values of the Net present Worth (NPW), benefit cost ratio (B/C) and the internal rate of return (IRR) are the parameters, to be considered for arriving at the decision regarding project implementation. The economic feasibility is firstly evaluated by calculating the economic internal rate of return (EIRR) and then sensitivity analysis against possible adverse changes in the future. 2.11.1.2 Project benefits There will be direct as well and indirect benefits. Direct benefits of the project would comprise those gains to the economy which would bring economic returns to the public investment involved and can be measured in monetary terms. Indirect benefits would include those which though socially desired and are of great value, but cannot be quantified and expressed in monetary terms. Indirect or the secondary benefits would include creation of employment opportunity and improved

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standard of living of the people. There will be multiple effects on the socio economic development of the region. Incremental agricultural benefits are the difference of net production value (NPV) of with or without project conditions.

2.11.1.3 Total project benefits Show the total project benefits in a tabular form. 2.11.1.4 Project costs Mention the following aspects of the project relating to cost. The scope as in for how many years the capital cost of construction and recurring cost is useful. Mention the project investment cost Annual recurring cost must be mentioned Results for the economic analysis for base case are mentioned. Economic viability is mostly established by showing its profitability in terms of excess of benefits to the economy over economic cost. Economic justification of the project is decided on the basis of such parameters as, net present worth, benefit ratio and economic internal rate of return. Risk and sensitivity analysis is carried out to examine the effect of increase in cost and decrease in estimated economic benefits of the proposed project. Economic cash flow statement must be also given

2.11.2 Financial In financial analysis list the quantifiable output of the project and internal financial rate of return (IFRR). 2.11.2.1 Direct financial revenue of the project This is obtained through recovery from direct beneficiaries. 2.11.2.2 Increase in farm income Based on the farm budgets, the implicit increase in farm income per acre of CCA attributed to the implementation of the project has been worked out. 2.11.2.3 Project funding requirements The project funding requirement must be mentioned. Calculation of the total funding requirement of the project involves the following, Escalation of capital cost Addition of interest during construction to the capital cost to calculate the total project funding requirement.

2.11.2.4 Recoverable cost The basic purpose of the financial analysis is to determine annual recoverable costs with the objective of determining the level of cost recover from the project beneficiaries. Annual

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recoverable costs comprise annual amortization charges to repay principal plus interest and annual recurring costs. 2.11.3 Employment analysis Employment analysis must be given as how much employment for people will be generated. 2.11.4 Environmental/ resettlement aspects Study of environment impact assessment and resettlement aspects of the project must be conducted. 2.11.4.1 Approval of concerned government Approval from the concerned government must be obtained.

2.12 Implementation schedule

Indicate the time period which will be taken for the purpose of implementation of the schedule. Mention the starting and completion date of the project Indicate result based monitoring (RBM) framework indicator in quantifiable terms.

2.13 Management structure and manpower requirements including specialized skills during construction and operational phase
2.13.1 Arrangement for implementation of the project Mention who will be administering the project and how many contractors are available. 2.13.2 Manpower Manpower required must be listed according to different categories.

2.14 Additional projects/ decisions required to maximize socioeconomic benefits from the proposed project
If there are any additional projects required to maximize the socioeconomic benefits from the proposed project are available then list them.

2.15 Certification
In the end it must be certified that the project proposal has been prepared on the basis of instructions provided by the Planning Commission for the preparation of PC-1 or the prefeasibility report for infrastructure sector projects.