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Spring 2013
oda!" ## $o%e&or' (uestions" ## )e& opics" ## So%e %ore Shear#Mo%ent *iagra%s ## Stress in Bea%s su+,ected to Bending ## Mo%ent of -nertia ## $o%e&or'" Read Section 6"3#. /or' Pro+le%s fro% 0hap 6" 371 731 721 30 4ollo&ing toda!5s class !ou should +e a+le to" -- State where the maximum stresses will be found in a beam subjected to bending loads. -- Be able to calculate the maximum stress in a beam caused by a bending load -- Understand the difference between compressive and tensile bending stress. Bea%s" Whenever there is an internal +ending %o%ent M acting on the cross section of a beam this will set up nor%al stresses in the beam.
% #' x & & $-x #B
!he stress set up by such a bending moment tends to be maximum as you reach the outer fibers of the beam. !here is also a location in the cross section where the stress drops to "ero along what is called the neutral a6is. (comp
)eutral 'xis
% % & &
(ten
!he neutral axis runs through the centroid of the area of the cross section. !he stress increases linearly with the distance from the neutral axis. So the farther away a portion of the cross section is from the centroid the larger will be the normal stress due to bending.
% % & &
(comp
)eutral 'xis
(ten *n one side of the neutral axis the stresses will be tensile. *n the other side the stresses will be compressive. !he magnitude of these normal stresses are given by a formula +nown as the flexure formula
Mc I
where % is the resultant internal bending moment c is the distance from the neutral axis , is the moment inertia of the cross section about the neutral axis )ote that the negative sign is an indication of whether the stress is tensile or compressive. )egative means a compressive stress. Procedure for anal!sis of +ea%s su+,ected to +ending7 -. /etermine the internal reactions. #ind the distribution of & and % along the length of beam. !his is usually done by drawing the Shear and %oment diagrams. 0. /etermine the Section 1roperties. !his may include needing to a. locate the neutral axis through the centroid of the area b. determine the moment of inertia about the centroid 2. /etermine the maximum normal compressive and tensile stresses by use of the flexure formula
E6a%ple 1" ' !-shaped beam built from two wooden boards has the loading shown below. /etermine the maximum compressive and tensile stress in the beam.
78 -8 98 ' B w 4 5 lb6ft
-8
7 ft
Solution: Step -: #ind the internal bending moment by drawing the shear and moment diagrams: w 4 5 lb6ft
-3 lb
Shear /iagram
-3 lb-ft
--3 lb
%oment /iagram
Step 0: /etermine the section properties: a. find the centroidal axis: ycentoid
78 -8 98
ycent = ycent =
ycent -8
b. find the moment of inertia about the centroid. =ecall that moment of inertia of a body can be found by adding the centroidal inertia to the parallel axis theorem component.
I = I cent + Ad 2
#or this cross section ;which has two rectangular shapes.
78
dd0 -8 98
-8
78 -8 )eutral 'xis 98
(comp
!otal inertia
I = I rect1 + I rect2 = @? in 4
2. #ind the maximum bending stresses: Use %max 4 -3 lb-ft
-8
(ten
top =
Mc ;-3 lb ft.;2.5in. -0in = 4 -7.22 psi I @?in 7 -ft Mc ;-3 lb ft.;-5.5in. -0in = 4 :>.93 psi I @?in 7 -ft
bottom =
E6a%ple 2" ' beam is built from a hollow circular tube ;outside diameter 78 and inside diameter 28. that supports the loading shown below. /etermine the stress along at points ' B and A at the location of the span with the maximum bending stress. Solution: a. #ind the support loads then draw the Shear and %oment /iagram.
$oad /iagram Shear /iagram ' 28 -58 08 - +ip 0 +ip B
%oment /iagram
Solution" a. #ind the support loads then draw the Shear and %oment /iagram.
- +ip
0 +ip B
' 28 -58 08
M = 3
-.@5+ip
=3
Shear /iagram
-.35 +ip
--.@5 +ip
)ote: %aximum stress occurs at the point of the maximum moment: !he point where the 0 +ip load is applied. Mmax 4 2.@ +ip in b. #ind Section 1roperties
B 28 B ' A B 78 I=
cA = 3
A =
McA =3 I McB ;2.@kip in.;0in. = = 3.@39kip 6 in 0 7 I 9.5@in McC ;2.@kip in.;-.5in. = = 3.>9-kip 6 in 0 7 I 9.5@in
B =
C =
2 lb6ft
-3 lb6ft
-5 lb6ft
'
2 ft C - ft each
- ft 23 lb
- ft
'
0 ft