MOOLJI JAITHA COLLEGE JALGAON DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS F.Y.B.

Sc DISPERSIVE POWER( ) OF PRISM

Theory: Spectrometer is one of the most important optical instruments in a
laboratory it is used for the measurement of the dispersive powers of wavelength of spectral lines ,the refractive indices of the material of solids and liquids. A spectrometer consists of three parts: (1) ollimator. (!) "rism table. (#) $elescope.

Co !"#$or%
%t consists of an achromatic lens such that a slit is at focus. $he placed in front of a source of light and the width of the slit can be ad&usted.

Pr!&" $#' e%
%t consist of an circular disc which can be rotated about a vertical a'is and its a'is coincides with its refracting edge vertical,

Te e&co(e%
%t is a telescope fitted with a (amsden)s eyepiece. And cross wires. *hen a parallel beam of light coming out of the prism falls on the ob&ective, the spectrum produced is viewed through the eyepiece. $he following ad&ustment must be made before using the spectrometer. A)*+&$"e,$ o- $he &(ec$ro"e$er% 1. Focussing the Telescope for parallel rays: $he eye + piece of the telescope is ad&usted such that the cross wires are clearly visible. ,or this turn the telescope towards a wall. -oc. into the eyepiece .eeping both the eyes open. Ad&ust the eyepiece by moving it in or out till the cross + wires are seen distinctly. After doing this ad&ustment the eyepiece should not be disturbed through out the e'periment.

%t will be convenient to have the cross wires as in ,ig .1. not as in ,ig .!.

,ig. 1

,ig !

2. Levelling: $he prism table can be leveled with the help of a spirit level. ,or this the three levelling screws /, ,, 1 provided with the prism

/ , 0

,ig # table are ad&usted. "arallel lines are mar.ed on the table, which are parallel to the line /,. Ad&ust the prism table to proper height and .eep the spirit level on a line &oining any two of the levelling screws /, , (,ig !2) below the table and bring the air bubble at the centre by turning the levelling screws / or , $hen place the spirit level perpendicular to its initial position and ad&ust the third screw 1 till the air bubble in it comes to the central position. $hus level the prism table. 3ow place the spirit level on telescope and ad&ust its leveling screws till the bubble stands at the centre in any position of the telescope. "lace the spirit level on the collimator and ad&ust its levelling screws till the bubble stands at centre. 3. Optical Method: $he prism table can be accurately levelled by an optical method.

"ut the "rism with its centre over the centre of the table and with one of its face, say A4, perpendicular to the line &oining the levelling screw /, ,. ,i' the telescope in a convenient position and rotate the prism table till the image of the slit reflected from the face A4 falls on the cross wire. Ad&ust the screws /, , so that the image is seen in the centre of the field of view. (otate the prism5table till the image reflected from the face A comes in the field of view. 4ring the image in the centre by moving the screw 1 only. (epeat the above process alternately till the image remains in the centre of the field of view in both the positions of the prism. %lluminate the slit of collimator with the given source of light. 4ring the telescope in line with the collimator loo.ing through the telescope, ad&ust the length of the collimator till there is no paralla' between the image of the slit and the cross wires. $he collimator is now ad&usted to produce a parallel beam of light. Ad&ust the width of the slit so that it is narrow. 4. Schuster s Method: $his method is used to ad&ust the telescope and the collimator for parallel light. ,ocus the eyepiece of the telescope on the cross wire. %lluminate the slit of the collimator with a sodium source. "rism is placed on the prism table so as to obtain an appro'imate position for minimum deviation. $he telescope is then slightly turned so that angle of deviation is slightly greater than the minimum deviation6 clamp the telescope at this " position. (otate the prism table such that the refracting edge of the prism moves towards the telescope till the image comes at the vertical cross wire at 7 position. $he image will appear blurred6 ad&ust the length of the telescope so as to remove the paralla' between the image of the slit and the cross5wire. 3ow turn the prism table and set it in position ". 3ow the image of the slit may appear to be blurred, then ad&ust the length of the collimator so that the image of the slit and cross wire coincides without paralla'. $hese alternatives of rotating the prism table and focussing first with telescope and then with collimator are repeated until turning the prism causes no change of focus. *hen this condition is achieved the rays from the slit are parallel in passing through prism.

D!&(er&!.e Po/er( )%
%t is defined as the ratio of the angular dispersion between the e'treme colors ( red 8 violet) to the deviation of the mean color (yellow).

$he dispersive power of the material is its ability to disperse the constituent colors of incident light.

A!"%
$o determine dispersive power of prism.

A((#r#$+&%
Spectrometer, prism, spirit level, mercury light, magnifying lens.

D!#0r#"%

m (ed
ollimator

<iolet
9ercury -ight "rism $elescope

Fig:(1): Telescope adjusted at minimum angle of deviation Sch+&$er1& Me$ho)

Proce)+re%
(1) (!) (#) (2) (:) (;) ,ocus the eyepiece of the telescope on the cross wires. -evel the base of the instrument, prism table, and telescope tube, collimator tube of the spectrometer with the help of spirit level. 9ount the prism on the prism5table symmetrically and ground surface facing towards the clamping stand. Ad&ust the spectrometer for parallel light by Schuster)s method. 1etermine the value of the smallest division on the main scale6 count the number of division on the angular vernier. 1etermine the least count of the spectrometer. 9easurement of the minimum deviation: (otate the prism5table and fi' it in the minimum deviation position as far as can be &udged with the na.ed eye. 4ring in the telescope and using the tangent (slow5 motion) screws, ad&ust its position so that the refracted image of the

(=)

slit &ust turns away from the intersection of cross5wires, whichever way the prism table is rotated. 3ote the reading of both <erniers. (emove the prism without disturbing the prism5table. (otate the telescope so that the direct image of the slit coincides with the intersection of the cross5wires, and again read both <erniers.

O'&er.#$!o, T#' e% (1) <alue of one small scale division on main scale S > ????????? (!) 3o of divisions of the vernier < > ??????? (#) -east count of the spectrometer S@< > ??????? A b s n o. 1 ! # olour *ave5 length A (ed ;!#! Spectrometer 1irect reading reading for angle of minimum deviation m Angle deviation of 9ean

14

15

614264

615265 7r8 7y8 7.8

Bellow :=CD <iolet 2D2C

For"+ #%2 1ispersive power >

7. 2 7r 7y

RES3LT % (efractive inde' for (ed colour is 55555555 (efractive inde' for yellow colour is 55555555 (efractive inde' for violet colour is 55555555