FAQ: Databases and models ========================= .. _faq-see-raw-sql-queries: How can I see the raw SQL queries Django is running?

---------------------------------------------------Make sure your Django :setting:`DEBUG` setting is set to ``True``. Then, just do this:: >>> from django.db import connection >>> connection.queries [{'sql': 'SELECT polls_polls.id,polls_polls.question,polls_polls.pub_date FR OM polls_polls', 'time': '0.002'}] ``connection.queries`` is only available if :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``. It's a list of dictionaries in order of query execution. Each dictionary has the following:: ``sql`` -- The raw SQL statement ``time`` -- How long the statement took to execute, in seconds. ``connection.queries`` includes all SQL statements -- INSERTs, UPDATES, SELECTs, etc. Each time your app hits the database, the query will be recorded. Note that the SQL recorded here may be :ref:`incorrectly quoted under SQLite <sqlite-connection-queries>`. .. versionadded:: 1.2 If you are using :doc:`multiple databases</topics/db/multi-db>`, you can use the same interface on each member of the ``connections`` dictionary:: >>> from django.db import connections >>> connections['my_db_alias'].queries Can I use Django with a pre-existing database? ---------------------------------------------Yes. See :doc:`Integrating with a legacy database </howto/legacy-databases>`. If I make changes to a model, how do I update the database? ----------------------------------------------------------If you don't mind clearing data, your project's ``manage.py`` utility has a :djadmin:`flush` option to reset the database to the state it was in immediately after :djadmin:`syncdb` was executed. If you do care about deleting data, you'll have to execute the ``ALTER TABLE`` statements manually in your database. There are `external projects which handle schema updates <http://www.djangopackages.com/grids/g/database-migration/>`_, of which the curr ent defacto standard is `south <http://south.aeracode.org/>`_. Do Django models support multiple-column primary keys? ------------------------------------------------------

No. Only single-column primary keys are supported. But this isn't an issue in practice, because there's nothing stopping you from adding other constraints (using the ``unique_together`` model option or creating the constraint directly in your database), and enforcing the uniqueness at that level. Single-column primary keys are needed for things such as the admin interface to work; e.g., you need a simple way of being able to specify an object to edit or delete. How do I add database-specific options to my CREATE TABLE statements, such as sp ecifying MyISAM as the table type? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------We try to avoid adding special cases in the Django code to accommodate all the database-specific options such as table type, etc. If you'd like to use any of these options, create an :ref:`SQL initial data file <initial-sql>` that contains ``ALTER TABLE`` statements that do what you want to do. The initial data files are executed in your database after the ``CREATE TABLE`` statements. For example, if you're using MySQL and want your tables to use the MyISAM table type, create an initial data file and put something like this in it:: ALTER TABLE myapp_mytable ENGINE=MyISAM; As explained in the :ref:`SQL initial data file <initial-sql>` documentation, this SQL file can contain arbitrary SQL, so you can make any sorts of changes you need to make. Why is Django leaking memory? ----------------------------Django isn't known to leak memory. If allocating more and more memory, with sure your :setting:`DEBUG` setting is is ``True``, then Django saves a copy you find your Django processes are no sign of releasing it, check to make set to ``False``. If :setting:`DEBUG` of every SQL statement it has executed.

(The queries are saved in ``django.db.connection.queries``. See `How can I see the raw SQL queries Django is running?`_.) To fix the problem, set :setting:`DEBUG` to ``False``. If you need to clear the query list manually at any point in your functions, just call ``reset_queries()``, like this:: from django import db db.reset_queries()