Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusions Site investigation data indicate that the proposed tunnel section is likely to be within

the weathered Mercia Mudstone (Edwalton Member). The strength of mudstone was found to be significantly variable mainly depending upon extent of weathering. thin layer of drift deposits (possibly made ground within the urban area) is likely to be encountered at the or near the ground surface. The composition and in!situ strength of the drift deposits " made ground is likely to be highly variable. lmost all of the shafts along the main tunnel rout are likely to be founded on weather Mercia Mudstone with variable thickness of superficial deposits"Made #round present at the surface. $roposed tunnelled section at Sleaford %oad and associated shafts are likely to be within &ranscombe Mudstone 'ormation. Extensive Made #round mainly associated with existing road"bridge construction are likely to be encountered. $roposed open cut section at its current design depth is likely to be within the &alderton Sand ( #ravel. &alderton Sand ( #ravel Member was identified as alternative layers of dense to very dense sand and gravel. #roundwater is likely to be more problematic within proposed open cut section where groundwater is likely to be encountered within shallow depths. #roundwater was also encountered within the superficial deposits along the proposed tunnel route where special treatment may also re)uire for shaft excavation. Mercia Mudstone in general is of low permeability* however* skerries"sand layers within the mudstone may result in elevated water inflow within both tunnel and shafts. +owever* t localised treatment such as grouting and or cut off ,one by sheet piles or similar can be used to overcome the groundwater that may present at shallow depths. excavation water free. The plasticity data* specifically clogging potential assessments do not suggest high clogging potential. +owever* the -%. results indicate the presence of smectites or related clays minerals in the rocks* the percentages are not regarded as unduly high* and less active clays are expected to dominate the behaviour. deeper depths* passive pumping by creating a sump can be used to keep the

'or the most part the results returned from the investigation appear generally /on! +a,ardous and possibly 0nert (relating to natural strata). 1ith reference to the made ground it would appear that generally the material could be classified as /on! +a,ardous although some instances of 2+a,ardous3 material is noted* although this is based on an online assessment that could benefit from further refinement (e.g. assessment of the analytical results and composition of the material returned) of that assessment as the material was classified as +a,ardous on its flammable nature and this may not be the case. lthough the made ground generally appears to be the mechanism for raising contamination* the si,e of the area is too large to attribute to any specific use. The ha,ardous classification within the made ground may be as a result of T$+. +owever it is noted that this is assessed with +a,1aste 4nline and does not account for the physical and chemical assessment* i.e. is the material likely to be 5& 'lammable6 1ithout the benefit of the returning S0 contractor7s appraisal of the material* it is difficult to accurately assess. .iscussion with the disposal facility* prior to site mobilisation is always recommended. 1henever made ground is encountered and there always remains the possibility of sbestos 8ontaining Materials or 'ibres and as such vigilance is re)uired on the site. Suitably protective $$E should be worn by anyone carrying out works in the vicinity of the made ground.