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The National Vocational Education Qualifications Framework (NVEQF) is a descriptive framework that provides a common reference for linking various qualifications. t organi!es qualifications according to a series of levels of knowledge and skills and set common principles and guidelines for a nationall" recogni!ed qualification s"stem covering #chools$ Vocational Education and Training nstitutions$ Technical Education nstitutions$ and %niversities&'olleges.
9 ?working document@ has /een prepared /" the 'oordination 'ommittee$ which outlines the areas where maAor initiatives have to /e taken for esta/lishment of NVEQF. t contains some proposed actions that the 4overnment will have to take to reali!e the goals and o/Aectives of the NVEQF. 9 multi7stage ?9ction 3lan@ has also /een laid out at the end of the document. t will need to /e followed /" a detailed and e6tensive discussion with various stakeholders to take decisions on various aspects of the NVEQF.
are a/le to provide repair and maintenance services. 9 maAorit" of workers in the unorgani!ed sector are with lower levels of literac"$ as the" have left the school at various stages of education. The" face difficult" in returning to schools or training institutions to improve their skills$ as the education or TVET s"stem does not allow them to do so. The NVEQF will facilitate the recognition of informal learning$ e.g.$ skills acquired at the workplace could /e formall" certified through an awarding /od". t will provide opportunities to the people working in the unorgani!ed sector to gain recognition of their competencies for National and nternational mo/ilit" or Aoin the formal education and training s"stem. t is critical that there is a direct link /etween the educational inputs and the occupational emplo"ment outputs. Vocational courses should /e demand and need7/ased$ keeping in mind the constantl" changing requirements of technologies&industries&emplo"ers. The s"lla/i of vocational courses should /e updated on a regular /asis to keep pace with changes in technolog". +odularisation of courses will reduce the drop7out rate in the school s"stem as the modules are of short duration and as modularisation makes credit transfer possi/le D so even if a learner drops out of a modularised training programme he&she ma" still accumulate credit and renter the learning pathwa". n addition$ modularisation increases the responsiveness of curriculum to technological changes and skill demands of the industr"$ as it is possi/le to change and update specific modules instead of changing the whole programme. The modulari!ation of courses&programmes under the NVEQF will create the possi/ilit" for changing onl" ?specific units@ of the s"lla/us for c"clic updation of the courses in (7E "ears.
Design of NVEQF
9 /road framework has /een developed to integrate general education and technical vocational education and training qualifications at various levels ( Fig !). The proposed NVEQF will /e organi!ed as a series of levels of learning achievements$ arranged in ascending order from < to <) levels "Fig !#. NVEQF levels will /e defined in terms of learning outcomes i.e.$ the competencies which the learners must possess regardless of whether the" were acquired through formal$ non7 formal or informal education and training. NVEQ levels depend on the comple6it" of learningF < is the least comple6 and <) the most comple6. 1evels <7> are of appro6imatel" the same standard as secondar" education and /asic vocational trades training. 1evels ;7G appro6imate to advanced trade certificate$ diploma$ and advanced diploma qualifications. 1evels *7<) appro6imate to advanced qualifications of graduate and postgraduate standard. NVEQ levels will /e /ased on the level descriptors. Each level on the NVEQF is descri/ed /" a statement of learning known as a level descriptor. The NVEQ level descriptor provides a /road indication of ?learning outcomes@ specified in the National Hccupation #tandards (NH#) that are appropriate to a qualification at that NVEQ level. Hnce the requisite /odies are set up and the guidelines are made availa/le to the Education and Training 3roviders (ET3s) and the pu/lic$ it will /e possi/le to compare levels of qualifications in different #tates&%Ts against the NVEQ levels.
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.octorates
%niversities
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3ost 4raduate 'ertificates$ 3ost 4raduate .iplomas and :achelor .egrees (,onours) :achelor .egrees and 4raduate .iplomas 4raduate 'ertificates&9dvanced .iplomas .iplomas
=ointl" /" 'olleges& %niversities and N#.' =ointl" /" 'olleges& %niversities and N#.' =ointl" 3ol"technics&'olleges& %niversities and N#.' /"
=ointl" /" ':#E&' #'E&#tate :oards and N#.' =ointl" /" ':#E&' #'E&#tate :oards and N#.' =ointl" /" #chool& T &VT3s and N#.'
National 'ompetence 'ertificate < (N'' <) National 'ertificate for Cork 3reparation ( (N'C37() National 'ertificate for Cork 3reparation < (N'C37 <)
'lass J (3re7vocational)
Qualifications will /e classified and registered$ according to a set of nationall" agreed standards&criteria for different levels of learning. 9 qualification can$ however$ /e customi!ed to meet the specific needs of clients /" adding$ su/stituting or modif"ing units of competenc". Each qualification will /e registered /" the identified /od" (e.g. qualifications related to automo/ile will /e registered /" 9utomo/ile #kill .evelopment 'ouncil) for the sector. The comprehensive listing of all qualifications will /e represented on the 5-egister8 in terms of title$ levels$ credits$ outcome statements and su/Aect classification.
9 ?credit framework@ will /e developed to facilitate the measurement and comparison of learning outcomes achieved in the conte6t of different qualifications$ programmes of stud" and learning environment on the /asis of student workload measured in time. 9ppropriate credit recognition$ accumulation and transfer are critical to support learners along the learning pathwa" and consequentl" will /e the core element of the NVEQF .
Those learners who wish to enter directl" into a level will have to complete the pre7requisite level or pass through the s"stem of 9ccreditation of 3rior 1earning& -ecognition of 3rior 1earning (-31). 'andidates possessing unrelated NVEQ level competencies will have to undertake required units through a /ridge course for /ecoming eligi/le for the programme. :ridge or foundation courses will have to /e offered to students to ena/le them to esta/lish their competenc" levels in the e"es of those who offer testing and certification. #uch courses will have to /e offered /" the 5-egistered Education and Training 3roviders8 (-ET3s).
NVEQ levels <7( will prepare students for the work environment$ generic competencies$ understanding career options and pathwa"s and develop positive attitude towards life$ work and further education. National 'ertificate for Cork 3reparation < (N'C3 <) will /e issued to those who have cleared NVEQ level <$ which would /e equivalent to 0 th #td$ opting for vocational course units along with general su/Aects. The National 'ertificate for Cork 3reparation ( (N'C3 () will /e issued to those who have cleared NVEQ level ($ which will /e equivalent to <) th #td.$ again with a com/ination of general su/Aects and vocational course units.
1earners will /e a/le to acquire vocational qualifications in a particular occupation from level E onwards$ i.e.$ <<th #td$ and su/sequentl" upgrade their qualifications through gradual acquisition of competencies.
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9 5#election Test8 will /e carried out /" the accredited assessor for testing minimum levels of competencies prescri/ed for that NVEQ level. f there are 5competencies gaps8 identified in a candidate$ then the candidate will have to undertake the required units through a 5/ridge course8 to acquire those competencies.
4uidance and counselling session will /e an integral part of the admission procedure.
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3rogrammes under NVEQ levels *7<) are to /e offered /" 'olleges$ and %niversities offering 4eneral Education and TVET courses.
-enefits The present Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) s"stem in ndia is fragmented and lacks coordination /etween various stakeholders$ as there are more than <* ministries offering skill development programmes through their speciali!ed institutions. There is lack of articulation arrangements for progression of students from #chool to 3ol"technics and %niversit". The NVEQF will act as a translation device to make qualifications more understanda/le to emplo"ers$ students and institutions. t will provide clear cut qualifications pathwa"s$ to facilitate workers and learnersK mo/ilit"$ /oth hori!ontall" and verticall" /etween different qualifications$ thus encouraging lifelong learning. Fig 6 depicts how the credit framework for various level of NVEQ in plum/ing sector would serve as a reference point for articulation arrangements /etween the various qualifications.
What is to %e done?
n order to implement the various elements of NVEQF$ the structures and capacit" in the present education and training s"stem will have to /e modified and e6panded for /ringing a/out necessar" changes in funding arrangements$ governance$ /uildings$ classrooms$ tools and equipment$ facult"$ teaching7learning approaches and assessment and certification s"stem. The education and training administrative set up will have to /e reorgani!ed and made responsi/le for polic"$ norms and standards$ planning$ provision of /udgetar" resources and the management for implementing the guidelines within the NVEQF.
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n addition$ statutor" /odies and structures of institutional governance /ased on appropriate democratic representation of stakeholders will have to /e esta/lished to advise on polic" issues and assist in implementation of elements of NVEQF. The reconstruction of the curriculum for schooling and higher education will /e essential in order to provide necessar" fle6i/ilit" and to get rid of the outmoded teaching7learning practices prevalent in our education s"stem. 3articipation of the ndustr" and emplo"ers will /e a critical prerequisite for the success of NVEQF. TVET courses have to /e design and developed in consultation with the ndustr" and emplo"ers. The learning outcome will /e linked to emplo"ment outcomes defined in National Hccupation #tandards (NH#). NH# specif" the standard of performance an individual must achieve when carr"ing out a function in the workplace$ together with the knowledge and understanding the" need to meet that standard consistentl". 'urrentl"$ National Hccupation #tandards do not e6ist and therefore$ the" will have to /e created. NH# for each ndustr" #ector would /e laid down /" the respective ##'.
9 ?sectoral framework@ or if required su/7sectoral frameworks will have to /e developed to map out all e6isting qualifications$ skills and qualifications held /" the current workforce$ anal"sis of the future skill requirements$ training requirements$ national occupational standards relevant for the sector and design for clear cut progression pathwa"s and provisions for seamless vertical mo/ilit" of a student. 9 sector could /e an industr" sector (e.g.$ organi!ed retail$ plum/ing$ etc.) or an education sector (e.g. teacher preparation$ special education$ etc.). This would require initial agreements /" the various stakeholders on levels$ description of each level$ requisites for mo/ilit" /etween different levels$ etc.
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The curricula changes that would /e required at various NVEQ levels will have to /e e6plicitl" worked out with the concerned +inistries&.epartments and nstitutions. The reconstruction of the curriculum for schooling and higher education will /e essential in order to provide necessar" fle6i/ilit" and to get rid of the redundant teaching7learning practices prevalent in our education s"stem presentl". 'ompetenc" standards for training of teachers and trainers for /ringing a/out radical changes in teacher training and retooling programmes to suit the needs of the NVEQF will have to /e developed. #trategic steps will /e taken for promotion of vocational pedagog" and /lended learning. 9 qualit" assurance s"stem for competenc" /ased education and training and assessment will have to /e developed under a Qualit" 9ssurance Framework (Q9F) for providing nationall" consistent high qualit" education and training. The qualit" assurance s"stem will have three pronged strateg"L (i) national standards are registered$ (ii) national standards are used /" the accredited organi!ations$ and (iii) a moderation s"stem that ensures national consistenc". There will /e an additional e6penditure on setting up new institutional structures and mechanisms over the ne6t few "ears and therefore$ the partnership /etween the 'entral 4overnment$ #tate 4overnments$ ndustr"$ Emplo"ers$ and 'ommunities should /ecome the new foundation of the financing s"stem.
Fig 6$ NVEQF to %e driven %y coordinated efforts of 'overnment and 8ndustry for development of competencies suited to the needs of individuals and the employers
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The general academic education s"stem should /e modified to allow students more fle6i/ilit" in su/Aect options vi!.$ a mi6 of academics and vocational at 'lasses J 2 J and dedicated vocational speciali!ation at 'lasses J 2 J .
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The 'entrall" #ponsored #cheme ('##) of Vocationalisation of ,igher #econdar" Education$ which has /een recentl" revamped /" the +,-.$ will serve the purpose of NVEQ levels E 2 >. National 'ompetence 'ertificate < (N''<) will /e issued to those who have cleared NVEQ level E$ which would /e equivalent to <<th #td. The National 'ompetence 'ertificate ( (N'' () will /e issued to those who have cleared NVEQ level >$ which will /e equivalent to <( th #td.
:anagement :echanism
The +,-. and +o12E together will /e responsi/le for creating the NVEQF$ and implementation of norms and standards of NVEQF in school$ technical education institutions$ vocational education and training institutions and higher education institutions. The +,-. will
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work in close co7operation with +o 1 2 E$ other +inistries$ #tatutor" 'ouncils$ :oards$ and N#.' to formulate policies$ rules and guidelines in consultation with the representatives of various stakeholders for esta/lishment of NVEQF. 9 National #teering 'ommittee (N#') for development of NVEQF will /e set up Aointl" /" the +,-. and +o1E to develop and esta/lish NVEQF. nstitutions for management of implementation of integrated education and training s"stem will /e set up /" the 4overnment in colla/oration with other stakeholders.
The National #kill .evelopment 'orporation (N#.')$ through the #ector #kill 'ouncils (##'s) /eing set up for each economic sector$ would /e a maAor pla"er in /ringing a/out s"nerg" /etween the NVEQF and ndustr". SS*s in association ,ith institutions "e g schools; 8)8s; Polytechnics; <niversities# ,ill develop National 9ccupation Standards; *ompetency %ased *urriculums; )raining Pac=ages; +ssessment guidelines; etc and ,ould also impart training to trainers for %uilding their capacity ##' will provide certificates Aointl" with the 9warding /od" and the -egistered Education and Training 3rovider (-ET3s) to successful candidates and will ensure acceptance of the qualification /" the industr".
9 single statutor" /od" like 5 ndian Qualifications 9uthorit"8 for polic" level planning$ taking strategic decisions and to ensure qualit" of TVET under the NVEQF will /e needed. ,owever$ till such /od" is formed$ the responsi/ilit" can /e assigned to the National :oards of 9ccreditation under 9 'TE.
The e6isting education&training providers or new educational institutions providing formal education and training can get themselves registered as ET3s under NVEQF if the" want to conduct accredited TVET programmes against NH#. Formal approval and recognition of the ET3s will /e done /" a national registering /od" in accordance with the norms and standards for registration.
+anagement at the grassroots level will ena/le the framework to align to the local requirements. at .istrict level$ which will work in close coordination with each other. Hne is the office of the District Education 9fficer "DE9#; and other is S=ill Development *enter "SD*# to /e set up /" N#.' with support from +,-. and +o12E. 9ll education and training esta/lishments in the .istrict will /e gridded to .EH and #.'. The #.' will provide inputs on Ao/ opportunities$ certification$ on7the7Ao/ training$ industr" interface$ while the .EH@s office will provide curriculum$ training packages and aids$ teachers$ trainers$ tool rooms and materials for training. The #.'s will have /ackward linkages to N#.' and ##' for real time inputs$ and will /e connected to local industr" for coordinating internship$ on7the7Ao/ training and other activities.
Few polic" initiatives have /een taken at the National$ #tate and nstitutional levels to address the pro/lems of career progression /etween school vocational education and higher education. #ome e6amples of e6isting policies that can contri/ute to supporting progression into$ within$ and from TVET are as followsL Vocational passouts in engineering courses at <)M( level can get admission into the ( nd "ear of 3ol"technic (E "ear programme). T passed candidates pursuing studies in the various fields of engineering corresponding to their trades can get admission through the seats remaining vacant in the 3ol"technics in the #tate$ provided the trainees have passed ##' e6amination and secured G)B of marks in the final T e6amination. 3ol"technic passouts can get admission into the (nd "ear of :.Tech. (> "ear programmes). 3rovisions for admission of students of <) M ( vocational stream to :9&:.#c.&:.'om. (4eneral 9cademic) courses.
:ut these policies or modifications have not served the wider purpose of providing seamless pathwa"s for vertical mo/ilit" to a maAorit" of the students. The various complementar" policies that need to /e in place to support esta/lishment of NVEQF are as followsL 3olic" to ensure compliance with provisions for registration and accreditation$ 3olic" to enhance ?articulation arrangements@ /etween school& T s& 3ol"technics and ,igher Education nstitutions for providing vertical mo/ilit"$ 3olic" for recognition of prior learning$ 3olic" for qualit" assurance$ and 'reating institutions to fill the current gaps in teacher&instructor training. 3olic" of changes or modifications in recruitment rules and procedures. t would require changes in recruitment and emplo"ment policies for hiring ?competent@ rather than Aust ?qualified@ people for a Ao/. The financial institutions will also have to align their policies of funding to encourage people with ?skills@ rather than Aust ?qualifications@.
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(iii) .evelopment of NH#$ ':'$ and Training 3ackages for NVEQ levels <7 > (iv) #etting %p #kill .evelopment 'entres in #tates (iv) NVEQF promotion through awareness and training programmes 6.!67!5 (i) Hfficial launch of NVEQF as pilot in few states
#tate 4overnments$ N#.' and #kill .evelopment 'entres +inistr" of ,uman -esource .evelopment (+,-.) #tate 4overnments
(ii) 3u/lication of success stories and pu/licit". (iii) Development of N9S; *-*; )raining Pac=ages for NVEQ 371 6.!57!4 6.!47!3 (i) Esta/lishment of NVEQF /" other #tates (i) 9ccreditation of ET3# (ii) ncorporation of NVEQs in recruitment schemes. +apping of ndian NVEQs with NVQs of other countries for nternational recognition.
N#.'$ ##'s$ N'E-T$ 9 'TE N#.'$ ##'s$ 9 'TE$ %4' #tate 4overnments 9 'TE and N#.' 'entral and #tate 4overnments$ ndustries 4overnment of ndia and 4overnments of other countries.
6.!376.!2 (i)
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