Name ___________________________________ Date __________ Pd _____

Meltdown

Water changes from one state of matter to another quite easily. Everyone has seen an ice cube melt or water boil. When water changes state, it uses energy to break bonds and rearrange molecules. The amount of energy water uses when changing from a solid to a liquid is called its heat of fusion. In this lab, you will calculate the heat of fusion from an experiment and compare it to the accepted value for the heat of fusion of ice.

Procedure. 1. Heat approximately 120 mL of water to about 45C in a 400 mL beaker. 2. Measure 100 mL into a graduated cylinder and record the volume in the data table. 3. Pour the warm water into a Styrofoam cup. 4. Measure the temperature of the water. Use 1 decimal place in your measurement. 5. Place several ice cubes into the cup with the warm water. Stir until the temperature of the water is less than 1C. 6. Record the lowest temperature of the water. Use 1 decimal place in your measurement. 7. Use tongs to remove the remaining ice from the cup, shaking off any excess water from the ice into the cup. 8. Pour the water into the graduated cylinder and measure the volume of the water. (If your volume goes over 100 mL, add the two amounts together.) 9. Pour all of the water into the sink.

Data Table Volume of warm water Temperature of warm water Lowest temperature of ice water Volume of water and melted ice mL C C mL

Calculations (use significant figures!): 1. Calculate the volume of the melted ice. Volume of water and melted ice Volume of warm water

2. Determine the mass of the melted ice. Remember, the density of water is 1 g/mL. 3. Calculate the change in temperature of the warm water. Temperature of warm water Lowest temperature of ice water

4. Determine the mass of the warm water. Remember, the density of water is 1 g/mL. 5. Calculate the energy released by the warm water as it was being cooled. H = m x c x T H = mass of warm water x 4.184 x change in temperature H =

6. Calculate the energy released per gram of ice. H (from #5) Mass of melted ice 7. Convert your answer to kJ/mol. a. Answer from #6 1000

b. Answer from part a x Mass of H2O from PT

8. Calculate the percent error for your experiment. Experimental theoretical x 100% = Theoretical

Questions 1. Why did you have to use tongs when handling the ice? _________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. Why did you have to shake the water off the ice cube? __________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. Give a reason for the percent error in your experiment. _________________ ___________________________________________________________ 4. If you had used 150 mL of water instead of 100 mL, would your H have been different? Why? ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________