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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Pushover Analysis of RC structure as per EC8:2004

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SD

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Program Version Program License Revision Date

Gen 2010 Registered, Trial 2010.07.14 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Overview

Pushover Analysis Procedure

The pushover analysis procedure is as follows:

Pushover analysis is one of the performance-based design methods, recently attracting practicing structural engineers engaged in the field of seismic design. The objective of a performance-based design is achieved after the user and the designer collectively select a target performance for the structure in question. The engineer carries out the conventional design and subsequently performs a pushover (elasto-plastic)

Modeling & Design - Details of Building - Perform analysis - Check assigned rebar data Pushover Analysis

analysis to evaluate if the selected performance objective has

been met. In midas Gen, pushover analysis as per EN1998:2004 is provided. This tutorial explains the method and procedure for pushover analysis of 2-dimensional RC structural as per EN1998:2004. For this reason, the procedure for modeling and analysis were not explained in detail. For the users who are not familiar with the basic functions for modeling and analysis, it is recommended to review Application 1 tutorial before following this tutorial.

- Pushover Global Control

- Pushover Load Cases - Define Hinge Properties - Assign Hinge Properties - Perform Pushover Analysis - Pushover Curve - Pushover Hinge Status Results - Safety Verification Table

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Details of the example structure

G1 C1 LB1 G1 C1

15@3,000 = 45,000

unit : mm
9000 4000 1200 4000 9000

27200

Figure 1. Two-dimensional building model

Figure 2. Cross section

Column section
Designation Story 12~15F 8~11F 4~7F 1~3F Section Number 104 103 102 101 Column Dimension 600 x 600 700 x 700 800 x 800 900 x 900

Beam section

Designation G1 LBl

Section Number 21 31

Section Dimension 350 x 650 200 x 400

C1

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Applied Design Code
Eurocode Materials (Eurocode4:2004) Column: C30/37 Beam: C25/30 Wall: C30/37

Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Applied Loads Gravity loads unit: kN/m2 Use : Residential Static Wind Loads Applied code: Eurocode1:2005 Terrain Category : II Fundamental Basic Wind Velocity (Vb,o) : 26m/s Static Seismic Loads Applied code: Eurocode8:2004 Ground Type: B Design Ground Acceleration: 0.08g Behavior Factor (q): 1.5 Lower Bound Factor (b): 0.2 Importance Factor (I) : 1
4

Unit Load Cases Load Name Details

1 2 3 4

DL LL WX XY

Dead Load Live Load Wind Load (X-direction in the global coordinates) Wind Load (Y-direction in the global coordinates)

Static Load Cases

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 1. Open the model file and perform analysis

1. Open Pushover_2D RC structure.mgb 2. Click icon to perform analysis.

Pushover analysis is carried out in the post-processing mode after completing elastic analysis.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

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Step 2: Check assigned rebar data

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Modify Beam Rebar Data Check on the section ID 21. Check rebar data for Beam. Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Modify Column Rebar Data Check on the section ID 101. Check rebar data for column. 2 5

In order to calculate the yield strength for each member in pushover analysis, rebar must be assigned.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 3: Check Concrete Design Code

1. 2. 3.

Design > Concrete Design Parameter > Design Code Specify the code as Eurocode2:04. Check [OK] button.

Design Code specified in the Concrete Design Code dialog is applied to calculate the capacity of members in pushover analysis.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Global Control

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Design > Pushover analysis > Pushover Global Control Select DL in the combo box and click [Add] button. Select LL in the combo box and enter the Scale Factor as 0.4. Click [Add] button. Click [OK] button.

2 2

3 4

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Global Control

Reference Design code (Eurocode 8:2004) option is displayed when the design code (in the main menu, Design > Concrete Design Parameter or Steel Design Parameter > Design code) is specified as Eurocode and Design code in preferences (in the main menu, Tools > Preferences) is specified as Eurocode.

Tools -> Preferences -> Select Design in the General

Scale Factor for Ultimate Rotation

1) Wall : In calculating the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate , u, for wall , the value is divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
2) Cold-worked brittle steel : If cold-worked brittle steel is used the total chord rotation capacity is divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1. 3) Without Detailing for earthquake resistance : In members without detailing for earthquake resistance the total chord rotation capacity is multiplied by 0.85 as per EN1998-3:2004 . 4) Smooth longitudinal bars : in members with smooth (plain) longitudinal bars without lapping in the vicinity of the end region where yielding is expected, the total chord rotation capacity may be multiplied by 0.575 as per EN1998-3:2004.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Global Control

Secondary Seismic Elements In order to calculate the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate, u, the factor el is used. Since el is differently applied for primary and secondary seismic element (el = 1.5 for primary seismic elements, el = 1.0 for secondary seismic elements As per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1), the user can define Secondary Seismic Elements group. If Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined, all the elements are considered as Primary Seismic Elements. In this tutorial, Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined since pushover hinge properties are assigned to primary elements only.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 4: Pushover Load Case

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Design > Pushover analysis > Pushover Load Cases Click [Add] button. Enter the pushover load case name as PL. Enter the Increment Steps as 20. Check on Use Initial Load option. Check on Consider P-Delta Effect option. Select Displacement Control in the Increment Method. Select Mater Node option. Click the entry field and click the node no. 93 with the mouse in the model view. Enter the Max. Displacement as 0.12m. Uncheck the Limit Inter-Story Deformation Angle in the Analysis Stopping Condition Specify the Load Case as EX in the combo box and click [Add] button. 9 Click [OK] button. 8 10 11

3 5 4 6 7

12 12

13

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 5: Define Pushover Hinge Properties Moment Hinge

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Design > Pushover analysis > Define Pushover Hinge Properties Click [Add] button. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as Beam. Check on Fz & My component. Click [Apply] button. 3

In order to check or modify the hinge properties, click [Properties] button of the desired component.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 6: Define Pushover Hinge Properties PMM (Axial-Moment interaction) Hinge for Column

1. 2. 3. 4.

Enter the pushover hinge properties name as Column. Select P-M-M in Status Determination option for Interaction Type. Check on Fz & My component. Click [Apply] button.

Coupled axial force-biaxial moment behavior is reflected by calculating the flexural yield strength of a hinge considering the effect of axial force.

3 4

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 7: Define Pushover Hinge Properties PMM (Axial-Moment interaction) Hinge for Wall

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Enter the pushover hinge properties name as Wall. Select the Element Type as Wall(CRB). Select the Interaction Type as P-M-M in Status Determination. Check on Fz & My component. Click [Apply] button. Click [Close] button. 1 2

3 6

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Pushover Hinge Properties Yield strength of RC structures
M={As2*fsc*(d-d2)}+M Flexural Hinge
Where, As2= area of compression steel M=Kbd2fck fsc=700(xu-d2)/xu fyd d2=effective depth to compression steel xu=(-0.4)d fyd=design yield strength of reinforcement

Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Shear strength of reinforcement, VRd,S is the smaller value of:

Eurocode2:2004, Equation(6.8) and (6.9)

Shear strength of concrete, VRd,C is given by: Shear Hinge

Eurocode2:2004, Equation(6.2a) and (6.2b)

Therefore, Shear strength, VRd is FY = max (VRd,s ; VRd,c)

Where, cw=1.0 cc =1.0 fcd=cc fck/C C=1.0

RC structures (Eurocode8-3:2004, Annex A.3.1)

DY Flexural Hinge DU Eurocode8-3:2004, Equation(A.1) 15 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd. Eurocode8-3:2004, Equation(A.10b)

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 8: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Beams

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Select Girder members (Section ID 21:G1) from the Tree Menu. Design > Pushover analysis > Assign Pushover Hinge Properties Select Hinge Properties Type as Beam in the combo box. Click [Apply] button. Click [Close] button.

Right-click

3 4 5

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 9: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Columns

1. 2. Select column members from the Tree Menu. Drag and drop the Column hinge property from the Tree Menu to the Model Window . Pushover hinge properties can be simply assigned to the selected elements by Drag & Drop.

1 Right-click

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 10: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Walls

1. 2. Select column members from the Tree Menu. Drag and drop the Wall hinge property from the Tree Menu to the Model Window . Pushover hinge properties can be simply assigned to the selected elements by Drag & Drop.

1 Right-click

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 11: Perform pushover analysis

1. 2. 3. Click Task Pane. Click icon and select Analysis. Click Perform Pushover Analysis.

Task Pane displays work procedure for advanced analysis functions and

description on input items so as to enable

the user to work more easily. 2 midas program provides 4 types of advanced analysis features - Pushover Analysis, 3 Nonlinear Time History

Analysis, Time History Analysis and Material Nonlinear Analysis. In addition, Task Pane data can be saved in html format in the User Folder, so that the user can directly write or add the required input items for analysis.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 12: Pushover Curve

1. 2.
3. 4.

Click Pushover Curve in the Task Pane. Select For Target Displacement (EC2/Masonry). Enter the Ref. Peak Ground Acc. (Ag) as 0.15. Click [Draw] button.
2

For the detailed formula of the Target Displacement, refer to ANNEX B DETERMINATION OF THE TARGET DISPLACEMENT FOR NONLINEAR STATIC (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS, EN 1998-1:2004. The target displacement, which is obtained from the above, corresponds to the seismic demand of the Limit State of Significant Damage (SD). Target displacement of the Limit State of Near Collapse (NC) is taken equal to that of SD multiplied by 1.5. Target displacement of the Limit State of Damage Limitation (DL) is taken equal to that of SD divided by 2.5.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 13: Hinge Status Results

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click Hinge Status Results in the Task Pane. Select Status of Yielding (EC8:2004). Select the Components as Ry. Check on Legend and Deform. Specify the desire step in the combo box.
5
Clicking and scrolling

Clicking on the graph

The user can also check hinge status results for each step by clicking on the step box and scroll or clicking on the pushover graph which is displayed in the black background. 2

3 1 4

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Step 13: Safety Verification Table

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Click Safety Verification Table in the Task Pane. Select Show All Elements. Click [OK] button. Select Significant Damage (SD). Check on My and Fz. Click [OK] button.

2 3

4 Safety Verification Table displays the comparison results between the demand and capacities of the elements as per EN1998-3:2004 Table 4.3. Safety verification shall be conducted of both ductile and brittle elements respectively. For ductile elements, 5 verification will be conducted in terms of deformation using mean values of properties divided by CF. For brittle elements, verification shall be conducted in terms of strength

using mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor.

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Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Capacity of RC structures for assessment in the Safety Verification Table (Eurocode8-3:2004, Annex A.3.1)

*For ductile elements, mean values of properties divided by CF are used. For brittle members, mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor. 23 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.