Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of World Energy
June 2013
bp.com/statisticalreview
30 Coal
30 Reserves and prices
32 Production and consumption
Coal
Proved reserves at end 2012
Million tonnes
US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Middle East
Total Middle East & Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
New Zealand
North Korea
Pakistan
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Former Soviet Union
Anthracite
and
bituminous
Subbituminous
and lignite
Total
108501
3474
860
112835
6366
479
45
6890
2
192
99
13
21500
4338
10
49088
200
529
15351
228
1440
92990
30156
502
860
1203
32721
37100
62200
56100
1520
340
33
300
150
1583
159326
404762
155926
248836
5101
86725
128794
3108
351
132253
4559
380
679
5618
2364
908
40600
3020
1647
12100
1371
281
107922
330
1814
18522
20735
211614
174
174
39300
52300
4500
4009
10
538
300
2070
126
1239
2125
106517
456176
222603
233573
51047
141309
237295
6582
1211
245088
4559
6746
479
724
12508
2366
1100
40699
3020
1660
33600
5709
291
157010
530
2343
33873
228
22175
304604
30156
502
1034
1203
32895
76400
114500
60600
5529
350
571
600
2070
126
1239
150
3708
265843
860938
378529
482409
56148
228034
Share
of total
R/P ratio
27.6%
0.8%
0.1%
28.5%
0.5%
0.8%
0.1%
0.1%
1.5%
0.3%
0.1%
4.7%
0.4%
0.2%
3.9%
0.7%
257
98
88
244
*
76
292
*
129
72
20
207
50
179
289
40
9
443
85
33
384
14
234
238
116
196
*
*
124
177
31
100
14
265
115
19
*
60
68
4
88
51
109
186
83
97
390
18.2%
0.1%
0.3%
3.9%
2.6%
35.4%
3.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
3.8%
8.9%
13.3%
7.0%
0.6%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.4%
30.9%
100.0%
44.0%
56.0%
6.5%
26.5%
Source of reserves data: Survey of Energy Resources 2010, World Energy Council.
than 0.05%.
Notes: Proved reserves of coal Generally taken to be those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from
known deposits under existing economic and operating conditions.
Reserves-to-production (R/P) ratio If the reserves remaining at the end of the year are divided by the production in that year, the result is the length of time that those remaining reserves
would last if production were to continue at that rate.
Less
Prices
US dollars per tonne
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Northwest
Europe
marker price
US Central
Appalachian coal
spot price index
Japan coking
coal import
cif price
Japan steam
coal import
cif price
Asian marker
price
38.53
33.68
37.18
44.50
41.25
38.92
32.00
28.79
35.99
39.03
31.65
43.60
72.08
60.54
64.11
88.79
147.67
70.66
92.50
121.52
92.50
28.53
29.85
31.72
27.01
29.86
29.76
31.00
31.29
29.90
50.15
33.20
38.52
64.90
70.12
62.96
51.16
118.79
68.08
71.63
87.38
72.06
57.82
55.26
51.77
54.47
56.68
55.51
50.76
42.83
39.69
41.33
42.01
41.57
60.96
89.33
93.46
88.24
179.03
167.82
158.95
229.12
191.46
48.45
45.71
43.66
47.58
49.54
45.53
40.51
35.74
34.58
37.96
36.90
34.74
51.34
62.91
63.04
69.86
122.81
110.11
105.19
136.21
133.61
29.48
27.82
31.76
36.89
30.41
36.53
72.42
61.84
56.47
84.57
148.06
78.81
105.43
125.74
105.50
Source: IHS McCloskey Northwest Europe prices for 1992-2000 are the average of the monthly marker, 2001-2012 the average of weekly prices. The Asian prices are the average of the
monthly marker.
Source: Platts. Prices are for Central Appalachian 12,500Btu, 1.2 SO 2 coal, fob. Prices for 1992-2000 are by coal price publication date, 2001-2012 by coal price assessment date.
Note: cif = cost+insurance+freight (average prices); fob = free on board.
30
History
2012 by region
300
700
North America
S. & Cent. America
Europe & Eurasia
Middle East & Africa
Asia Pacific
World
250
600
500
200
400
150
300
100
200
50
North
America
S. & Cent.
America
Europe &
Eurasia
Middle East
& Africa
Asia
Pacific
100
92
97
02
07
12
World proved reserves of coal in 2012 were sufficient to meet 109 years of global production, by far the largest R/P ratio for any fossil fuel. Europe & Eurasia holds the
largest regional reserves while North America has the highest R/P ratio. The US holds the largest individual reserves, followed by Russia and China.
6.4
5.8
1.4 41.4
2.2 36.1
2002
Total 984453
million tonnes
1992
Total 981780
million tonnes
2012
Total 860938
million tonnes
22.8
26.2
28.5
29.7
30.9
27.9
31
Production*
Million tonnes oil equivalent
US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Kazakhstan
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Total Middle East
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
New Zealand
Pakistan
South Korea
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Former Soviet Union
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Change
2012 over
2011
2012
share of
total
570.1
34.3
5.3
609.6
1.9
25.7
5.9
0.4
33.9
4.3
24.3
1.1
55.0
9.1
2.7
37.8
71.3
6.6
117.3
7.2
11.5
42.8
18.2
17.9
427.2
0.6
124.1
2.5
1.3
128.0
184.3
775.2
138.5
63.5
0.8
2.8
1.6
1.5
5.7
9.2
19.6
1202.7
2401.9
1006.3
1395.6
205.0
201.4
553.6
31.8
4.6
590.1
1.8
32.5
5.1
0.5
39.9
4.5
24.2
1.3
54.1
9.0
2.8
43.3
71.4
7.0
127.1
6.8
10.4
41.6
17.2
19.0
439.8
0.7
134.1
1.8
1.6
137.5
189.4
917.4
144.4
70.3
0.7
3.2
1.5
1.5
5.3
10.8
20.3
1364.9
2572.7
990.0
1582.7
203.8
215.8
572.4
33.9
4.7
611.0
2.0
34.9
5.9
0.2
43.0
4.4
23.5
0.4
54.7
9.6
2.4
44.4
70.5
6.7
131.7
6.7
10.1
42.2
15.3
18.5
441.0
0.8
137.2
2.4
1.3
140.9
196.8
1061.3
155.7
81.4
0.7
3.3
1.5
1.4
5.6
14.7
22.1
1544.5
2781.3
1013.4
1767.9
199.1
222.2
580.2
35.3
5.2
620.7
2.4
38.4
5.3
0.3
46.3
4.1
23.5
0.2
53.2
9.4
2.0
44.2
68.7
6.6
139.2
6.4
12.6
41.0
12.5
17.7
441.2
1.0
137.7
2.2
1.2
141.1
205.7
1174.8
162.1
93.9
0.6
3.3
1.6
1.3
5.8
18.3
24.9
1692.2
2942.4
1026.1
1916.3
191.3
228.5
595.1
34.8
5.5
635.4
2.2
42.6
5.7
0.6
51.2
4.2
23.8
0.2
50.3
8.6
2.1
49.1
67.0
6.5
145.1
6.1
13.7
41.7
11.3
18.5
448.2
1.0
138.0
1.4
1.3
140.6
210.8
1264.3
170.2
119.2
0.7
3.6
1.7
1.3
5.3
21.8
25.3
1824.2
3100.7
1041.4
2059.3
184.6
239.9
587.7
35.7
6.0
629.4
2.3
45.4
4.5
0.3
52.5
4.7
23.6
0.2
51.5
9.0
2.0
50.0
62.3
6.7
148.0
5.7
16.0
39.9
10.3
20.6
450.7
1.0
139.6
1.3
1.0
141.9
217.1
1345.8
181.0
133.4
0.8
3.0
1.6
1.3
5.1
22.4
24.0
1935.6
3211.1
1040.3
2170.8
181.3
242.5
596.7
35.6
5.5
637.8
2.5
47.8
3.6
0.4
54.3
4.8
22.8
0.1
47.7
8.8
1.9
56.8
60.5
6.7
153.4
4.1
16.8
41.3
11.0
21.0
457.8
1.0
142.4
1.0
1.0
144.4
224.1
1401.0
195.6
147.8
0.7
3.0
1.8
1.2
5.0
23.0
25.8
2028.9
3324.2
1048.0
2276.2
173.4
256.2
540.8
33.1
5.0
578.9
1.9
47.3
2.4
0.5
52.2
4.5
21.0
44.4
8.6
1.9
51.5
56.4
6.4
142.1
3.8
17.1
38.4
10.9
20.3
427.2
0.7
141.2
1.1
0.9
143.2
232.1
1486.5
210.8
157.6
0.7
2.8
1.6
1.1
5.0
25.2
28.8
2152.1
3354.3
986.7
2367.6
162.7
236.5
551.2
35.4
5.8
592.4
2.0
48.3
2.0
0.3
52.7
4.9
20.8
0.1
43.7
7.8
1.9
54.0
55.5
5.8
151.1
3.4
15.8
39.9
11.2
20.1
436.0
0.6
145.0
1.7
1.1
147.8
236.0
1617.5
217.5
169.2
0.5
3.3
1.5
0.9
5.1
24.6
36.9
2313.2
3542.7
1000.2
2542.5
160.5
250.1
556.1
35.5
7.0
598.5
2.1
55.8
1.7
0.4
59.9
6.1
21.6
0.1
44.6
7.9
2.0
56.2
56.6
6.7
158.0
2.5
16.3
44.0
11.3
21.5
455.5
0.7
141.8
1.7
1.1
144.5
230.8
1758.0
215.7
217.3
0.7
3.1
1.4
0.9
6.0
24.9
41.1
2499.9
3759.1
1003.7
2755.4
165.0
263.8
515.9
35.2
6.6
557.7
2.2
58.0
1.2
0.5
61.8
5.4
20.7
0.1
45.7
7.9
1.9
58.8
58.8
6.4
168.1
2.4
15.4
45.9
10.2
21.2
469.0
0.7
146.6
1.7
1.1
149.3
241.1
1825.0
228.8
237.4
0.7
3.1
1.2
0.9
5.1
23.5
40.0
2606.8
3845.3
973.4
2871.9
165.1
278.6
-7.5%
-1.1%
-5.3%
-7.1%
5.7%
3.7%
-27.9%
9.3%
2.9%
-12.1%
-4.2%
-0.3%
2.0%
-0.5%
-3.0%
4.2%
3.6%
-4.3%
6.1%
-5.5%
-5.6%
4.0%
-10.1%
-1.5%
2.7%
-0.3%
3.1%
-0.3%
-0.3%
3.0%
4.2%
3.5%
5.8%
9.0%
3.6%
-0.3%
-13.5%
0.1%
-14.3%
-6.1%
-3.1%
4.0%
2.0%
-3.3%
3.9%
-0.2%
5.3%
13.4%
0.9%
0.2%
14.5%
0.1%
1.5%
*Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal.
Less
than 0.05%.
Notes: Coal production data expressed in million tonnes is available at bp.com/statisticalreview.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
32
1.6%
0.1%
0.5%
1.2%
0.2%
1.5%
1.5%
0.2%
4.4%
0.1%
0.4%
1.2%
0.3%
0.6%
12.2%
3.8%
3.9%
6.3%
47.5%
6.0%
6.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.6%
1.0%
67.8%
100.0%
25.3%
74.7%
4.3%
7.2%
Consumption*
Million tonnes oil equivalent
US
Canada
Mexico
Total North America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Trinidad & Tobago
Venezuela
Other S. & Cent. America
Total S. & Cent. America
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Republic of Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Uzbekistan
Other Europe & Eurasia
Total Europe & Eurasia
Iran
Israel
Kuwait
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Other Middle East
Total Middle East
Algeria
Egypt
South Africa
Other Africa
Total Africa
Australia
Bangladesh
China
China Hong Kong SAR
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia Pacific
Total Asia Pacific
Total World
of which: OECD
Non-OECD
European Union
Former Soviet Union
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
552.0
31.8
6.8
590.5
0.5
10.8
2.4
2.2
0.7
0.9
17.5
3.0
0.1
6.0
6.5
20.6
4.2
4.1
12.7
84.6
9.8
3.4
1.8
13.3
22.8
0.1
8.9
0.8
56.7
4.1
7.6
103.0
4.0
22.7
2.2
0.1
19.3
38.9
35.7
1.0
21.9
520.1
1.1
7.6
0.1
8.9
0.6
1.2
76.2
7.1
85.1
51.1
0.4
728.4
5.4
151.8
18.0
106.6
3.6
1.4
2.4
4.7
49.1
32.7
9.2
5.3
19.0
1188.9
2411.0
1131.1
1279.9
316.6
169.5
562.5
31.7
7.9
602.1
0.7
11.1
2.3
2.4
0.7
2.0
19.2
3.3
0.1
5.8
7.2
20.8
5.7
5.5
13.6
87.2
9.4
3.6
1.7
14.0
25.2
0.2
9.1
0.7
57.7
3.8
7.8
104.0
4.2
21.0
2.2
0.1
20.7
40.3
38.1
0.7
23.1
536.9
1.1
7.9
0.1
9.1
0.6
1.2
81.4
6.3
89.5
49.4
0.4
868.2
6.6
156.8
24.2
112.2
5.3
2.0
2.9
4.7
51.1
35.1
9.4
5.5
19.5
1353.2
2610.0
1160.2
1449.8
326.9
174.5
566.1
29.8
6.6
602.6
0.8
12.0
2.6
2.0
0.7
1.8
20.0
3.3
0.1
5.6
7.1
20.9
4.6
5.0
13.5
85.4
9.0
3.3
1.8
16.0
26.5
0.2
9.1
0.8
57.3
3.7
7.4
99.5
4.1
22.0
2.3
0.1
21.8
39.1
36.6
1.2
23.7
531.2
1.2
8.0
0.1
9.2
0.6
1.2
85.2
7.1
94.2
50.8
0.4
1019.9
6.6
172.3
22.2
120.8
6.6
2.1
3.8
5.0
53.1
36.6
10.4
8.2
19.6
1538.1
2795.2
1171.1
1624.1
323.1
170.9
574.2
30.9
8.2
613.3
0.9
11.9
2.6
2.7
0.8
1.6
20.5
3.1
0.1
5.0
6.8
20.4
3.7
2.9
13.8
82.1
8.8
3.0
1.9
16.0
27.2
0.2
8.7
0.7
55.7
3.8
7.6
94.2
3.9
22.5
2.2
0.1
21.8
37.4
37.4
1.2
22.1
514.5
1.3
7.9
0.1
9.3
0.6
1.2
84.4
7.3
93.5
53.5
0.4
1128.3
6.7
184.4
25.4
121.3
6.9
2.3
4.1
5.7
54.8
38.1
11.2
8.0
21.0
1672.1
2923.2
1178.1
1745.1
314.4
164.2
565.7
29.9
8.2
603.7
0.3
11.8
3.2
2.4
0.6
1.8
20.2
3.1
0.1
4.8
6.9
21.1
5.6
4.7
12.5
83.5
8.1
3.2
1.6
16.4
29.8
0.2
8.5
0.6
58.0
3.8
8.5
96.7
3.8
19.8
2.3
0.1
25.9
39.7
40.9
1.7
19.2
531.3
1.2
7.8
0.1
9.2
0.6
1.2
85.4
6.8
94.0
56.0
0.5
1250.4
7.0
195.4
30.1
119.1
7.3
2.2
4.2
5.5
54.8
39.6
12.4
9.5
22.6
1816.8
3075.1
1180.2
1894.9
322.2
171.9
573.3
31.3
8.2
612.7
0.4
12.6
3.8
2.4
0.8
0.1
1.9
22.0
3.0
4.4
7.7
21.2
4.7
4.4
13.4
85.7
8.5
3.4
1.6
16.6
31.7
0.2
9.0
0.7
57.9
3.3
7.4
93.4
3.8
21.9
2.2
0.2
28.9
39.7
38.4
1.4
20.5
535.1
1.3
8.0
0.2
9.5
0.6
1.2
90.1
6.2
98.0
54.1
0.4
1320.3
7.5
210.3
37.8
125.3
8.8
1.7
5.1
5.9
59.7
41.8
14.1
10.1
19.3
1922.4
3199.8
1204.0
1995.8
324.1
170.9
564.1
29.6
6.7
600.4
1.1
12.7
4.1
2.8
0.8
0.1
2.0
23.5
2.8
3.9
7.5
19.9
4.1
3.0
12.7
80.1
8.1
3.3
1.4
16.4
33.4
0.2
8.5
0.7
56.0
2.5
7.4
100.4
3.7
15.5
2.0
0.1
29.2
40.2
35.6
1.4
21.0
521.0
0.9
7.9
0.2
9.0
0.6
1.1
96.9
6.4
105.0
54.6
0.6
1369.2
7.0
230.4
30.1
128.7
9.8
2.1
5.3
7.0
66.1
40.2
15.3
10.0
21.2
1997.4
3256.3
1178.4
2077.9
299.7
180.0
496.2
24.4
7.7
528.4
1.2
10.8
3.7
3.5
0.8
0.2
1.9
22.0
2.3
3.1
6.4
17.4
4.0
3.3
10.5
71.7
8.1
2.7
1.2
12.9
32.6
0.1
7.9
0.5
51.9
2.9
6.6
91.9
3.5
11.8
1.6
0.1
30.4
35.1
29.9
1.1
19.7
471.4
1.0
7.7
0.1
8.9
0.2
1.1
92.9
5.4
99.7
54.5
0.6
1470.7
7.6
251.5
34.6
108.8
10.6
1.6
4.7
6.7
68.6
38.7
14.5
14.0
20.7
2108.4
3238.7
1055.7
2183.0
264.4
164.8
523.9
25.0
8.5
557.5
1.0
13.3
4.2
4.0
0.8
0.2
2.0
25.4
2.5
3.3
6.8
18.2
3.8
4.3
11.3
76.6
7.4
3.0
1.2
14.3
31.6
0.2
7.9
0.6
56.4
1.7
6.1
90.2
3.4
9.8
2.1
0.1
30.9
37.9
31.0
1.1
21.1
484.8
0.9
7.7
0.2
8.8
1.1
90.0
6.4
97.4
51.6
0.6
1609.7
6.3
262.7
41.2
123.7
14.8
1.4
4.5
7.7
75.9
40.3
15.3
13.9
20.6
2290.2
3464.0
1117.2
2346.8
276.7
166.1
495.5
22.3
8.9
526.7
0.9
14.1
5.3
4.3
0.7
0.2
2.0
27.6
2.6
3.3
8.1
18.0
3.2
3.4
9.5
76.0
7.5
3.0
1.3
16.1
34.0
0.2
7.8
0.7
56.1
2.2
7.3
93.7
3.3
15.5
2.0
0.1
33.1
41.5
31.5
1.2
22.5
504.6
0.9
7.9
0.2
9.0
1.1
89.1
6.5
96.7
51.7
0.7
1760.8
7.7
270.6
48.9
117.7
14.8
1.4
4.3
8.3
83.6
41.5
16.0
15.0
21.2
2464.2
3628.8
1096.1
2532.7
283.4
175.9
437.8
21.9
8.8
468.5
1.0
13.5
6.7
4.0
0.8
0.2
2.0
28.2
2.0
3.0
7.0
16.6
2.5
2.9
11.4
79.2
7.5
3.0
1.5
16.2
35.0
0.2
8.5
0.7
54.0
2.9
6.7
93.9
3.2
19.3
1.5
0.1
31.3
44.6
39.1
1.2
22.2
516.9
0.9
8.8
0.2
9.9
1.1
89.8
6.6
97.5
49.3
0.7
1873.3
7.6
298.3
50.4
124.4
14.3
1.7
4.3
9.4
81.8
41.1
16.0
14.9
21.6
2609.1
3730.1
1053.1
2677.0
293.7
180.2
Change
2012 over
2011
2012
share of
total
-11.9%
-2.2%
-0.7%
-11.3%
4.4%
-4.4%
25.1%
-7.3%
6.0%
5.3%
2.5%
2.0%
-23.8%
3.8%
1.2%
-9.5%
-13.4%
-7.8%
-23.4%
-15.1%
20.1%
3.9%
-0.5%
-1.9%
16.9%
0.3%
2.6%
-5.5%
8.2%
-0.5%
-4.0%
31.4%
-9.5%
11.7%
0.6%
0.2%
12.6%
-3.5%
24.2%
-25.7%
6.5%
-5.6%
6.9%
24.0%
-0.3%
-1.7%
2.2%
-2.1%
10.8%
-2.6%
9.2%
1.9%
0.5%
1.1%
0.6%
-4.9%
5.8%
6.1%
-1.7%
9.9%
2.8%
5.4%
-3.2%
21.3%
-1.8%
13.2%
-2.4%
-1.2%
-0.3%
-0.8%
1.6%
5.6%
2.5%
-4.2%
5.4%
3.4%
2.2%
0.4%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.8%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
2.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.4%
0.9%
0.2%
1.4%
0.1%
0.2%
2.5%
0.1%
0.5%
0.8%
1.2%
1.0%
0.6%
13.9%
0.2%
0.3%
2.4%
0.2%
2.6%
1.3%
50.2%
0.2%
8.0%
1.4%
3.3%
0.4%
0.1%
0.3%
2.2%
1.1%
0.4%
0.4%
0.6%
69.9%
100.0%
28.2%
71.8%
7.9%
4.8%
*Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal.
Less than 0.05.
Less than 0.05%.
Notes: Differences between these world consumption figures and the world production statistics are accounted for by stock changes, and unavoidable disparities in the definition, measurement
or conversion of coal supply and demand data.
Growth rates are adjusted for leap years.
33
Production by region
Consumption by region
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America
87
92
3500
97
02
07
12
4000
Asia Pacific
Africa
Middle East
Europe & Eurasia
S. & Cent. America
North America
3500
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
2000
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
87
92
97
02
07
12
Global coal production grew by 2%. The Asia Pacific region accounted for all of the net increase, offsetting a large decline in the US. The Asia Pacific region now
accounts for more than two-thirds of global output. Coal consumption increased by a below-average 2.5%. The Asia Pacific region was also responsible for all of the
net growth in global consumption. A second consecutive large decline in North America (-11.3%) more than offset growth in other regions; EU consumption grew for
a third consecutive year.
0-0.25
0.25-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-1.5
> 1.5
34