4.

1 Amplifier Fundamentals
B-004-01-01 A circuit designed to increase the level of its input signal is called: a. an amplifier b. a modulator c. an oscillator d. a receiver B-004-01-02 If an amplifier becomes non- linear, the output signal a. become distorted b. be saturated c. cause oscillations d. overload the po er suppl! B-004-01-0" #o increase the level of ver! antenna, !ou ould use: a. an %& oscillator b. an audio oscillator c. an RF amplifier d. an audio amplifier ould:

c. d.

voltage, po er, or inductance voltage, current, or inductance

B-004-01-11 ,hich of the follo ing is not a propert! of an amplifiera. gain b. linearit! c. distortion d. loss

4.

!iodes

ea$ radio signals from an

B-004-02-01 4ener diodes are used as: a. current regulators b. voltage regulators c. %& detectors d. A& detectors B-004-02-02 5ne important application for diodes is recovering information from transmitted signals. #his is referred to as: a. regeneration b. ioni*ation c. biasing d. demodulation B-004-02-0" #he primar! purpose of a 4ener diode is to: a. provide a voltage phase shift b. regulate or maintain a constant voltage c. to boost the po er suppl! voltage d. provide a path through hich current can flo B-004-02-04 #he action of changing alternating current to direct current is called: a. amplification b. rectification c. transformation d. modulation B-004-02-0' #he electrodes of a semi- conductor diode are $no n as: a. gate and source b. anode and cat"ode c. collector and base d. cathode and drain B-004-02-0+ If alternating current is applied to the anode of a diode, ould !ou e6pect to see at the cathodea. 7o signal b. 8tead! direct current c. #ulsating direct current d. 9ulsating alternating current B-004-02-0. In a semi-conductor diode, electrons flo a. anode to cathode b. cathode to grid c. grid to anode d. cat"ode to anode from: hat

B-004-01-04 #o increase the level of ver! ea$ signals from a microphone !ou ould use: a. an %& oscillator b. an %& amplifier c. an audio amplifier d. an audio oscillator B-004-01-0' #he range of fre(uencies to be amplified b! a speech amplifier is t!picall!: a. " to "00 )* b. "00 to 1000 )* c. 40 to 40 000 )* d. 300 to 3400 Hz B-004-01-0+ ,hich of the follo ing is not amplified b! an amplifiercurrent a. resistance b. po er c. voltage B-004-01-0. #he increase in signal level b! an amplifier is called: a. attenuation b. amplitude c. modulation d. gain B-004-01-0/ A device ith gain has the propert! of: a. attenuation b. oscillation c. modulation d. amplification B-004-01-00 A device labelled 12ain 3 10 dB1 is li$el! to be an: a. attenuator b. oscillator c. audio fader d. amplifier B-004-01-10 Amplifiers can amplif!: a. current, po er, or inductance b. voltage, current, or power

B-004-02-0/ ,hat semi-conductor device glo s red, !ello , or green, depending upon its chemical compositiona. A lig"t$emitting diode b. A fluorescent bulb c. A neon bulb d. A vacuum diode

B-004-02-00 :oltage regulation is the principal application of the: a. ;unction diode b. light-emitting diode c. vacuum diode d. %ener diode B-004-02-10 In order for a diode to conduct, it must be: a. close coupled b. forward$biased c. enhanced d. reverse-biased

b. c. d.

e6cessive light saturation cut-off

B-004-0"-00 In a bipolar transistor, the <<<<<<< compares closest to the control grid of a triode vacuum tube. a. emitter b. base c. source d. collector B-004-0"-10 In a bipolar transistor, the <<<<<<< compares closest to the plate of a triode vacuum tube. a. gate b. emitter c. collector d. base B-004-0"-11 In a bipolar transistor, the <<<<<<< compares closest to the cathode of a triode vacuum tube. a. collector b. base c. drain d. emitter

4.3 &ipolar 'ransistors

B-004-0"-01 ,hich component can amplif! a small signal using lo voltagesa. A variable resistor b. An electrol(tic capacitor c. A multiple-cell batter! d. A 979 transistor B-004-0"-02 #he basic semi-conductor amplif!ing device is the: a. tube b. 9-7 ;unction c. transistor d. diode B-004-0"-0" #he three leads from a 979 transistor are named: a. drain, base and source b. collector, emitter and base c. collector, source and drain d. gate, source and drain B-004-0"-04 If a lo level signal is placed at the input to a transistor, a higher level of signal is produced at the output lead. #his effect is $no as: a. detection b. modulation c. rectification d. amplification B-004-0"-0' Bipolar transistors usuall! have: a. 2 leads b. 3 leads c. 1 lead d. 4 leads B-004-0"-0+ A semi-conductor is described as a 1general purpose audio 797 device1. #his ould be: a. a bipolar transistor b. a silicon diode c. a triode d. an audio detector B-004-0"-0. #he t o basic t!pes of bipolar transistors are: a. diode and triode t!pes b. )#) and #)# t(pes c. varicap and *ener t!pes d. 9 and 7 channel t!pes B-004-0"-0/ A transistor can be destro!ed in a circuit b!: a. e*cessive "eat

4.4 Field$effect 'ransistors

B-004-04-01 #he t o basic t!pes of field effect transistors =&>#? are: a. 797 and 979 b. germanium and silicon c. inductive and capacitive d. ) and # c"annel B-004-04-02 A semi-conductor having its leads labeled gate, drain, and source is best described as a: a. gated transistor b. field$effect transistor c. bipolar transistor d. silicon diode B-004-04-0" In a field effect transistor, the <<<<<<< is the terminal that controls the conductance of the channel. a. gate b. drain c. source d. collector B-004-04-04 In a field effect transistor, the <<<<<<< is the terminal the charge carriers enter the channel. a. source b. gate c. drain d. emitter B-004-04-0' In a field effect transistor, the <<<<<<< is the terminal the charge carriers leave the channel. a. collector b. source c. drain d. gate B-004-04-0+ here

here

,hich semi-conductor device has characteristics most similar to a triode vacuum tubea. @unction diode b. 4ener diode c. Field effect transistor d. Bipolar transistor B-004-04-0. #he control element in the field effect transistor is the: a. gate b. source c. drain d. base B-004-04-0/ If !ou ish to reduce the current flo ing in a field effect transistor, !ou could: a. increase t"e reverse bias voltage b. decrease the reverse bias voltage c. increase the for ard bias voltage d. increase the for ard bias gain B-004-04-00 #he source of a field effect transistor corresponds to the <<<<<<< of a bipolar transistor. a. base b. emitter c. drain d. collector B-004-04-10 #he drain of a field effect transistor corresponds to the <<<<<<< of a bipolar transistor. a. base b. collector c. source d. emitter B-004-04-11 ,hich t o elements in a field effect transistor e6hibit fairl! similar characteristicsa. 8ource and gate b. 2ate and drain c. 8ource and base d. +ource and drain

In a vacuum tube, the electrode that is operated highest positive potential is the <<<<<<<. filament =heater? plate cathode grid

ith the

B-004-0'-0' In a vacuum tube, the electrode that is usuall! a c!linder of ire mesh is the <<<<<<<. filament =heater? grid cathode plate B-004-0'-0+ In a vacuum tube, the element that is furthest a a! from the plate is the <<<<<<<. grid emitter cathode filament =heater? B-004-0'-0. In a vacuum tube, the electrode that emits electrons is the <<<<<<<. cathode grid collector plate B-004-0'-0/ ,hat is inside the envelope of a triode tubeargon a vacuum air neon B-004-0'-00 )o man! grids are there in a triode vacuum tubet o three three plus a filament one B-004-0'-10 If !ou do not ish to have current flo ing in the grid circuit of a vacuum tube, the grid should be: positive ith respect to the anode negative ith respect to the cathode positive ith respect to both cathode and anode positive ith respect to the cathode B-004-0'-11 #he negative AB control voltage applied to the control grid of a vacuum tube is called: suppression voltage bias voltage repulsion voltage e6citation voltage

4., 'iode -acuum 'ubes

B-004-0'-01 ,hat is one reason a triode vacuum tube might be used instead of a transistor in a circuitIt uses less current It ma! be able to handle higher po er It is much smaller It uses lo er voltages B-004-0'-02 ,hich component can amplif! a small signal but must use high voltagesA vacuum tube A transistor An electrol!tic capacitor A multiple-cell batter! B-004-0'-0" A feature common to tubes and transistors is that both: have electrons drifting through a vacuum can amplif! signals convert electrical energ! to radio aves use heat to cause electron movement B-004-0'-04

4.. Resistor /olor /odes

B-004-0+-01 )o do !ou find a resistorCs tolerance ratingB! using #heveninCs theorem for resistors B! reading the resistorCs color code B! reading its Baudot code B! using a voltmeter B-004-0+-02 ,hat do the first three-color bands on a resistor indicate-

#he #he #he #he

resistance material po er rating in atts value of the resistor in ohms resistance tolerance in percent

'.2 Basic Boncepts 9ractice B-00'-02-01 7ame three good electrical conductors. 2old, silver, ood 2old, silver, aluminum Bopper, aluminum, paper Bopper, gold, mica B-00'-02-02 7ame four good electrical insulators. 9lastic, rubber, ood, carbon 9aper, glass, air, aluminum 2lass, air, plastic, porcelain 2lass, ood, copper, porcelain B-00'-02-0" ,h! do resistors sometimes get hot hen in use#heir reactance ma$es them heat up )otter circuit components nearb! heat them up #he! absorb magnetic energ! hich ma$es them hot 8ome electrical energ! passing through them is lost as heat B-00'-02-04 ,hat is the best conductor among the follo ing materialscarbon silicon aluminium copper B-00'-02-0' #he material listed, hich current to flo , is calleda conductor an insulator a resistor a dielectric ill most readil! allo an electric

B-004-0+-0" ,hat does the fourth color band on a resistor mean#he value of the resistor in ohms #he po er rating in atts #he resistance material #he resistance tolerance in percent B-004-0+-04 ,hat are the possible values of a 100 ohm resistor 10D tolerance00 to 110 ohms 00 to 100 ohms 10 to 100 ohms /0 to 120 ohms B-004-0+-0' )o do !ou find a resistorCs valueB! using the resistorCs color code B! using a voltmeter B! using #heveninCs theorem for resistors B! using the Baudot code B-004-0+-0+ ,hich tolerance rating 'D 10D 20D 0.1D B-004-0+-0. ,hich tolerance rating 20D 0.1D 'D 10D ould a high(ualit! resistor haveith a

ould a lo (ualit! resistor have-

B-004-0+-0/ If a carbon resistorCs temperature is increased, hat ill happen to the resistanceIt ill sta! the same It ill change depending on the resistorCs temperature coefficient rating It ill become time dependent It ill increase b! 20D for ever! 10 degrees centigrade B-004-0+-00 A gold band on a resistor indicates the tolerance is: 20D 10D 'D 1D B-004-0+-10 A resistor ith a colour code of bro n, blac$, and red, have a value of: 1000 ohms 100 ohms 10 ohms 10 000 ohms ould

B-00'-02-0+ A length of metal is connected in a circuit and is found to conduct electricit! ver! ell. It ould be best described as having a: high resistance high attage lo attage lo resistance B-00'-02-0. #he letter 1%1 is the s!mbol for: impedance resistance reluctance reactance B-00'-02-0/ #he reciprocal of resistance is: conductance reactance reluctance permeabilit! B-00'-02-00 :oltage drop means: voltage developed across the terminals of a component an! point in a radio circuit hich has *ero voltage difference in voltage at output terminals of a transformer the voltage hich is dissipated before useful or$ is accomplished B-00'-02-10 #he resistance of a conductor changes voltage ith:

B-004-0+-11 A resistor is mar$ed ith the colors red, violet and !ello . #his resistor has a value of: 2.4 .2 $ 2. E 2.0 $

temperature current humidit! B-00'-02-11 #he most common material used to ma$e a resistor is: carbon gold mica lead '." Bircuits 9ractice B-00'-0"-01 ,hat is the ord used to describe ho is usedBurrent 9o er :oltage %esistance fast electrical energ!

B-00'-0"-00 A resistor in a circuit becomes ver! hot and starts to burn. #his is because the resistor is dissipating too much: voltage resistance current po er B-00'-0"-10 )igh po er resistors are usuall! large ith heav! leads. #he si*e aids the operation of the resistor b!: allo ing higher voltage to be handled increasing the effective resistance of the resistor allo ing heat to dissipate more readil! ma$ing it shoc$ proof B-00'-0"-11 #he resistor that could dissipate the most heat mar$ed: 100 ohms 2 ohms 20 atts 0.' att ould be

B-00'-0"-02 If !ou have light bulbs mar$ed 40 atts, +0 atts and 100 atts, hich one ill use electrical energ! the fastest#he! ill all be the same #he 40 att bulb #he 100 att bulb #he +0 att bulb B-00'-0"-0" ,hat is the basic unit of electrical po er#he ampere #he volt #he att #he ohm B-00'-0"-04 ,hich electrical circuit A short circuit An open circuit A complete circuit A closed circuit ill have no current-

'.4 5hmCs la :I% 9ractice B-00'-04-01 If a current of 2 amperes flo s through a '0-ohm resistor, hat is the voltage across the resistor4/ volts '2 volts 100 volts 2' volts B-00'-04-02 )o is the current in a AB circuit calculated hen the voltage and resistance are $no nBurrent e(uals voltage divided b! resistance Burrent e(uals resistance multiplied b! voltage Burrent e(uals resistance divided b! voltage Burrent e(uals po er divided b! voltage B-00'-04-0" )o is the resistance in a AB circuit calculated hen the voltage and current are $no n%esistance e(uals current multiplied b! voltage %esistance e(uals voltage divided b! current %esistance e(uals po er divided b! voltage %esistance e(uals current divided b! voltage B-00'-04-04 )o is the voltage in a AB circuit calculated hen the current and resistance are $no n:oltage e(uals current divided b! resistance :oltage e(uals resistance divided b! current :oltage e(uals po er divided b! current :oltage e(uals current multiplied b! resistance B-00'-04-0' If a 12-volt batter! supplies 0.2' ampere to a circuit, the circuitCs resistance" ohms 4/ ohms 12 ohms 0.2' ohm hat is

B-00'-0"-0' ,hich electrical circuit uses too much currentA dead circuit A short circuit A closed circuit An open circuit B-00'-0"-0+ 9o er is e6pressed in: volts amperes atts ohms B-00'-0"-0. ,hich of the follo ing t o (uantities should be multiplied together to find po erInductance and capacitance :oltage and inductance :oltage and current %esistance and capacitance B-00'-0"-0/ ,hich t o electrical units multiplied together give the unit 1 atts1:olts and farads &arads and henr!s Amperes and henr!s :olts and amperes

B-00'-04-0+ Balculate the value of resistance necessar! to drop 100 volts ith current flo of ./ milliamperes:

12' $ilohms 12' ohms 12'0 ohms 1.2' $ilohms B-00'-04-0. #he voltage re(uired to force a current of 4.4 amperes through a resistance of '0 ohms is: 220 volts 2220 volts 22.0 volts 0.220 volt B-00'-04-0/ A lamp has a resistance of "0 ohms and a + volt batter! is connected. #he current flo ill be: 2 amperes 0.' ampere 0.00' ampere 0.2 ampere B-00'-04-00 ,hat voltage ould be needed to suppl! a current of 200 mA, to operate an electric lamp hich has a resistance of 2' ohms' volts / volts 1.' volts 22' volts B-00'-04-10 #he resistance of a circuit can be found b! using one of the follo ing: % 3 >FI % 3 IF> % 3 >F% %3>GI B-00'-04-11 If a " volt batter! supplies "00 mA to a circuit, the circuit resistance is: 10 ohms 0 ohms ' ohms " ohms

B-00'-0'-0" #otal resistance in a parallel circuit: is al a!s less than the smallest resistance depends upon the I% drop across each branch could be e(ual to the resistance of one branch depends upon the applied voltage B-00'-0'-04 # o resistors are connected in paralle and are connected across a 40 volt batter!. If each resistor is 1000 ohms, the total current is: /0 milliamperes 40 milliamperes /0 amperes 40 amperes B-00'-0'-0' #he total resistance of resistors connected in series is: greater than the resistance of an! one resistor less than the resistance of an! one resistor e(ual to the highest resistance present e(ual to the lo est resistance present B-00'-0'-0+ &ive 10 ohm resistors connected in series e(uals: '0 ohms ' ohms 10 ohms 1 ohm B-00'-0'-0. ,hich series combination of resistors 120 ohm resistorsi6 22 ohm t o +2 ohm five 100 ohm five 24 ohm B-00'-0'-0/ If ten resistors of e(ual value resistance ould be: 10 F % % F 10 10 6 % 10 H % ere ould replace a single

ired in parallel, the total

'.' 8eries and 9arallel %esistors 9ractice B-00'-0'-01 In a parallel circuit ith a voltage source and several branch resistors, ho is the total current related to the current in the branch resistorsIt e(uals the sum of the branch current through each resistor It e(uals the average of the branch current through each resistor It decreases as more parallel resistors are added to the circuit It is the sum of each resistorCs voltage drop multiplied b! the total number ofresistors B-00'-0'-02 A + volt batter! is connected across three resistances of connected in parallel. #he current through the 10 ohms, 1' ohms and 20 ohms separate resistances, hen added together, e(uals the total current dra n from the batter! #he current flo ing through the 10 ohm resistance is less than that flo ing through the 20 ohm resistance #he voltage drop across each resistance added together e(uals + volts #he voltage drop across the 20 ohm resistance is greater than the voltage across the 10 ohm resistance

B-00'-0'-00 #he total resistance of four +/ ohm resistors is: 12 ohms "4 ohms 2.2 ohms 1. ohms

ired in parallel

B-00'-0'-10 # o resistors are in parallel. %esistor A carries t ice the current of resistor B, hich means that: the voltage across B is t ice that across A the voltage across A is t ice that across B A has half the resistance of B B has half the resistance of A B-00'-0'-11 #he total current in a parallel circuit is e(ual to the: source voltage divided b! the value of one of the resistive elements sum of the currents through all the parallel branches source voltage divided b! the sum of the resistive elements current in an! one of the parallel branches

'.+ 9o er la , %esister 9o er Aisipation

9ractice B-00'-0+-01 ,h! ould a large si*e resistor be used instead of a smaller one of the same resistance&or better response time &or a higher current gain &or less impedance in the circuit &or greater po er dissipation B-00'-0+-02 )o man! atts of electrical po er are used b! a 12-:AB light bulb that dra s 0.2 ampere2.4 atts +0 atts 24 atts + atts B-00'-0+-0" #he AB input po er of a transmitter operating at 12 volts and dra ing '00 milliamps ould be: 20 atts + atts '00 atts 12 atts B-00'-0+-04 ,hen t o '00 ohm 1 att resistors are connected in series, the ma6imum total po er that can be dissipated b! the resistors is: 1 att 2 atts 1F2 att 4 atts B-00'-0+-0' ,hen t o '00 ohm 1 att resistors are connected in parallel, the! can dissipate a ma6imum total po er of: 1F2 att 1 att 2 atts 4 atts B-00'-0+-0+ If the voltage applied to t o resistors in series is doubled, ho much ill the total po er changeincrease four times decrease to half double no change B-00'-0+-0. If the po er is '00 current is: 2.' amps 10 amps 2' amps ' amps atts and the resistance is 20 ohms, the

100

atts

B-00'-0+-10 5ne advantage of replacing a '0 ohm resistor ith a parallel combination of t o similarl! rated 100 ohm resistors is that the parallel combination ill have: the same resistance but lesser po er rating greater resistance and similar po er rating the same resistance but greater po er rating lesser resistance and similar po er rating B-00'-0+-11 %esistor attage ratings are: calculated according to ph!sical si*e e6pressed in ;oules per second determined b! heat dissipation (ualities variable in steps of one hundred

B-00'-0+-0/ A 12 volt light bulb is rated at a po er of "0 current dra n ould be: "0F12 amps 1/ amps "+0 amps 12F"0 amps

atts. #he

B-00'-0+-00 If t o 10 ohm resistors are connected in series batter!, the po er consumption ould be: ' atts 10 atts 20 atts

ith a 10 volt