abase@/'beis/ lower; degrade; humiliate; make humble; make (oneself) lose self -respect@abash@/'b/ embarrass@abate@/'beit/ subside or moderate@abbreviate@ shorten@abdicate@/'bdikeit/

renounce; give up (position, right, or responsib ility)@aberrant@/'bernt/ abnormal or deviant@aberration@ deviation from the norma l; mental disorder@abet@/'bet/ assist usually in doing something wrong; encoura ge@abeyance@/'beins/ suspended action@abhor@/b'h:/ detest; hate@abide@/'baid / dwell; abide by: comply with; put up with; tolerate; Ex. abide by the ru les; Ex. I can't abide rude people.@abject@/'bdekt/ (of a condition) wretche d; as low as possible; lacking pride; very humble; showing lack of self-respect; Ex. abject apology@abjure@/b'du/ renounce upon oath@ablution@/'blu:n/ washing@ abnegation@/,bni'gein/ renunciation; self-sacrifice; self-abnegation@abode@/'bou d/ dwelling place; home@abolish@/'bli/ cancel; put an end to@abominable @/'bminbl/ detestable; extremely unpleasant@abominate@/'bmineit/ loathe; hate@abo riginal@/,b'ridnl/ being the first of its kind in a region; primitive; native; indi genous; N. aborigine@abortive@ unsuccessful; fruitless@abrasive@/'breisiv/ rubbing away; tending to grind down@abridge@/'brid/ condense or shorten@abro gate@/'brougeit/ abolish@abscission@/b'sin/ cutting off; separation@abscond@ /b'sknd/ depart secretly and hide@absolute@/'bslu:t/ complete; totally unlimi ted; having complete power; certain; not relative; Ex. absolute honesty/ruler; C F. absolutism@absolve@/b'zlv/ pardon (an offense)@abstain@/b'stein/ refrain; withhold from participation; intentionally not use one's vote;@abstemious@/b'sti :mjs/ sparing in eating and drinking; temperate@abstinence@ restraint from p leasant things, esp. eating or drinking; CF. abstention: act of abstaining from vote@abstract@/'bstrkt/ theoretical; not concrete; nonrepresentational@abstruse@ /b'stru:s/ obscure; profound; difficult to understand@abusive@/'bju:siv/ coarsely insulting; physically harmful@abut@/'bt/ border upon; adjoin@abysmal@/'biz ml/ bottomless@abyss@/'bis/ enormous chasm; vast bottomless pit@academic@/,k'd emik/ related to a school; not practical or directly useful@accede@/k'si:d/ agree@accelerate@ move faster@accessible@/k'sesbl/ easy to approach; obtain able@accessory@/k'sesri/ additional object; useful but not essential thing@acclai m@/'kleim/ applaud; praise; greet with great approval; announce with great approval; Ex. The new drung has been acclaimed as the most important discoveries for years; N: strong expression of approval and praise@acclimate@/'klaimtaiz/ adjust to climate or environment; adapt@acclivity@/'kliviti/ sharp upslope of a hill; OP. declivity@accolade@/'kleid/ award of merit; strong praise and approv al@accommodate@ oblige or help someone; adjust or bring into harmony; adapt; mak e enough space for; ADJ. accommodative; CF. accomodating: helpful and obliging@a ccomplice@/'kmplis/ partner in crime@accord@/'k:d/ agreement@accost@/'kst/ approach and speak first to a person@accoutre@/'ku:t/ equip; N. accoutrement@a ccretion@/'kri:n/ growth or increase in size by gradual addition; growth; increase ; increase by natural growth; Ex. towers and other accretions of the castle; V. accrete@accrue@/'kru:/ come to one as a gain; accumulate over time; come about by addition; Ex. benefits that accrue from scientific research; Ex. interest acc ruing in a bank account; N. accrual@acerbity@/'s:biti/ bitterness of speech and temper; ADJ. acerbic: bitter; acrid (in taste, manner, or tone)@acetic@/'si:tik/ vinegary@acidulous@/'sidjuls/ slightly sour (in taste or manner); sharp; caust ic@acknowledge@/k'nlid/ recognize; admit@acme@/'kmi/ peak; pinnacle; highest point@acne@ skin disease (on the face)@acoustics@/'ku:stiks/ science of sound ; quality that makes a room easy or hard to hear in@acquiesce@/,kwi'es/ assent; agree passively; comply without protest@acquittal@/'kwitl/ deliverance from a charge; V. acquit: free from a charge or accusation; discharge from a duty; c onduct (oneself) in a specified manner@acrid@/'krid/ bitter (to the taste or smell); sharp; bitterly pungent@acrimonious@/,kri'mounjs/ stinging; caustic; bitte r in words or manner; N. acrimony: bitter ill-natured animosity in speech or beh avior@acrophobia@/,kr'foubj/ fear of heights@actuarial@ calculating; per taining to insurance statistics@actuary@/'ktjuri/ someone who advises insurance co mpanies@actuate@/'ktjueit/ motivate; activate; cause to act@acuity@/'kju:iti / sharpness (of mind or senses of sight or hearing)@acumen@/'kju:men/ mental keenness; sharpness of judgment; ability to judge quickly and well; Ex. b usiness acumen@acute@/'kju:t/ (of the senses) sharp; quickly perceptive; keen;

penetrating; brief and severe; Ex. acute sense of smell/analysis/pain@adage@/'di d/ wise saying; proverb@adamant@/'dmnt/ hard; inflexible@adapt@/'dpt/ make or become suitable for a specific use; alter; modify; adjust; N. adaptation : act of adapting; composition recast into a new form; Ex. The play is an adapti on of a short novel.@addendum@ addition; appendix to book; something that is ad ded (as at the end of a speech or book)@addiction@/'dikn/ compulsive habitual need @addle@/'dl/ make or become confused; muddle; drive crazy; become rotten (egg )@address@ direct a speech to; speak to; deal with or discuss; direct one's efforts or attention to; make with a destination; N: formal speech@adept@/'dept/ expert at; very skilled@adhere@/d'hi/ stick fast; be a devotd follower; N. adh esion: adhering; devotion; loyality@adherent@/d'hirnt/ supporter; follower@adja cent@/'deiznt/ adjoining; neighboring; close by@adjoin@ be next to@adjou rn@/'d:n/ suspend until a later time; move from one place to another@adjunct@ something attached to but holding an inferior position@adjuration@/,du'rein/ solemn urging; V. adjure: entreat earnestly; enjoin solemnly@adjutant@/'dutnt/ staff officer assisting the commander; assistant@admonish@/d'mni/ warn or speak to with gentle disapproval; reprove@adore@/'d:/ love deeply and respect highly@a dorn@/'d:n/ decorate@adroit@/'drit/ skillful (in using mind or hand)@adulati on@/,dju'lein/ flattery; admiration that is more than is necessary or deserved@ adulterate@/'dltrit/ make impure or of poorer quality by adding inferior or t ainted(contaminated) substances@Advent@/'dvnt/ arrival@adventitious@/,dven'tis/ accidental; casual; happening by chance@adversary@/'dvsri/ opponent; enemy@adverse@ /'dv:s/ going against; opposing; unfavorable; hostile@adversity@/d'v:siti/ great hardship or affliction; misfortune; calamitous event@advert@/d'v:t/ refer@ad vocacy@/'dvksi/ support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something@advoc ate@/'dvkit/ speak in favor of; support (an idea or plan); urge; plead for@ae gis@/'i:dis/ shield; protection; defense@aerie(aery,eyrie,eyry)@null nest of a large bird of prey@aesthetic@/i:s'qetik/ artistic; dealing with or capabl e of appreciating the beautiful (of a person or building); CF. aesthete; CF. aes thetics@affable@/'fbl/ easily approachable; easy to talk to; warmly friendly@af fected@/'fektid/ artificial; pretended@affidavit@/,fi'deivit/ written statemen t made under oath (for use as proof in a court of law)@affiliation@/,fili'ein/ joining; associating with@affinity@/'finiti/ feeling of kinship; similarity; Ex. strong affinity for her; Ex. many affinities between two languages@affirmati on@ positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to ta ke an oath; V. affirm; ADJ. affirmative; CF. affirmative action: positive discri mination@affliction@/'flikn/ state of distress; trial; cause of distress or s uffering; V. afflict: inflict grievous suffering on@affluence@/'fluns/ abundanc e; wealth@affront@/'frnt/ insult; offense; intentional act of disrespect; V: insul t or hurt the feelings of intentionally@afterlife@/':ftlaif/ life after death ; later part of one's life@agape@/'geip/ openmouthed@agenda@/'dend/ items of busi s at a meeting@agglomeration@/,glm'rein/ collection; heap; V. agglomerate: gather into a rounded mass; N. aggolmeate: jumbled mass; heap@aggrandize@/'grndaiz/ make greater; increase in power, wealth, rank, or honor; N. aggrandizement@aggre gate@ sum; total; ADJ. V: gather into a mass or whole; accumulate; add up to; Ex. aggregate 100 dollars@aghast@/'g:st/ filled with great surprise or fear; horr ified@agility@ nimbleness; ability to move quickly@agitate@/'diteit/ stir up; disturb@agnostic@/g'nstik/ one who is skeptical of the existence or knowabi lity of a god or any ultimate reality@agog@/'gg/ highly excited; intensely curiou s@agrarian@/'grerin/ pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian refo rm@airy@/'eri/ of air; high in the air; lofty; immaterial; unreal@alacrity@/'lkri ti/ cheerful promptness without reluctance@alchemy@/'lkimi/ medieval chemist ry@alcove@/'lkouv/ nook; recess@alias@/'eilis/ an assumed name esp. by a criminal (usually to mislead people); ADV. alias@alienate@/'eiljneit/ make unf riendly or hostile; estrange; separate; change the ownership of@alimentary@/,li'm entri/ supplying nourishment@alimony@/'limni/ payments made regularly to an ex -spouse after divorce@allay@/'lei/ calm; pacify@allege@/'led/ state wi thout proof@allegiance@/'li:dns/ loyalty@allegory@/'ligri/ story, play, or pictu in which characters are used as symbols; fable@alleviate@/'li:vieit/ relieve (pain)@alliteration@/,lit'rein/ repetition of beginning sound in poetry@allocate

@ assign; set apart for a particular purpose@alloy@/'li/ mixture as of me tals; something added that lowers in value or purity; V: mix; make less pure; lo wer in value or quality; spoil; CF. unalloyed: not in mixture with other maetals ; pure; complete; unqualified; Ex. unalloyed happiness@allude@/'lu:d/ refer in directly; N. allusion: indirect reference@allure@/'lju/ entice; attract; tempt@a lluvial@/'lu:vjl/ pertaining to soil deposits left by running water@alms@/:mz/ money or goods given to the poor@aloft@/'lft/ upward; high up in the air@aloof @/'lu:f/ apart; not open in one's relationship with other people; reserved; ADV.@ altercation@/,:lt:'kein/ noisy quarrel@altruistic@/,ltru'istik/ unselfishly gene rous; concerned for others; N. altiruism: unselfish concern for the welfare of o thers; unselfishness; OP. egoism@amalgam@ combination of different things; mixture of metals (containing mercury) used for filling holes in teeth@amalgama te@/'mlgmeit/ (of societies or groups) combine; unite in one body@amass@/'ms/ collect (gradually, in a very large amount)@amazon@/'mzn/ female warrior@ambidextr ous@/'mbi'dekst/ capable of using either hand with equal ease@ambience@ environm ent; atmosphere; Ex. restraurant with a pleasant ambience; ADJ. ambient: complet ely surrounding; Ex. ambient temperature@ambiguous@/m'bigjus/ unclear or doubt ful in meaning; having more than one possible interpretation@ambivalence@/'mbi've ilns/ the state of having contradictory or conflicting emotional attitudes or opinions@amble@/'mbl/ walking at an easy unhurried pace; V: walk slowly and ai mlessly@ambrosia@/m'brouzj/ food of the gods@ambulatory@/'mbjultri/ able to walk@ambush@/'mbu/ act of lying in wait to attack by surprise; sudden attac k made from a concealed position; Ex. lie in ambush; V.@ameliorate@/'mi:ljreit/ improve@amenable@/'mi:nbl/ obedient; compliant; readily managed; responsive ; willing to be led; answerable or accountable legally; responsible; able to be tested by; Ex. amenable to sensible suggestions; Ex. He is very amenable; Ex. am enable to the usual tests@amend@ correct; change ; generally for the bett er@amenities@null convenient features that helps to make life pleasant; so cial courtesies@amiable@/'eimjbl/ agreeable; lovable; warmly friendly@amic able@/'mikbl/ peaceful; politely friendly; not quarrelsome; Ex. amicable settl ement@amiss@/'mis/ wrong; faulty; Ex. something amiss; ADV.@amity@/'miti/ friendship; peaceful relationship as between nations@amnesia@/m'ni:zj/ loss of memory@amnesty@/'mnesti/ pardon (allowed by government to political criminals)@am ok(amuck)@null in a state of rage; Ex. run amok@amoral@/'mrl/ nonmoral; having no understanding of right and wrong@amorous@/'mrs/ moved by sexual love; lo ving; of sexual love; Ex. amorous advances@amorphous@/'m:fs/ formless; lackin g shape or definition@amphibian@/m'fibin/ able to live both on land and in water; N.@amphitheater@null oval building with tiers of seats; CF. arena@ample@/'mpl/ enough; abundant; spacious; large in size; Ex. ample opportunity/garden; N. ampl itude: quality of being ample; abundance; largeness of space@amplify@ increase in size or effect; expand; broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make str onger; Ex. amplify one's remarks with a graph@amputate@/'mpjuteit/ cut off part of body; prune (a limb)@amulet@/'mjulit/ charm; talisman; an object worn believed to protect against evil, bad luck@anachronism@/'nkrnizm/ an error involvi ng time in a story; something or someone misplaced in time; ADJ. anachronistic@a nalgesia@/,nl'di:zj/ condition of being unable to feel pain@analgesic@/,nl'desi / causing insensitivity to pain; N.@analogous@ comparable; similar@anal ogy@ similarity; parallelism; comparing two similar things@anarchist@/'nkist/ person who seeks to overturn the established government; advocate of abolishing authority@anarchy@/'nki/ absence of governing body; state of disorder@anathema@/'nqi solemn curse; someone or something regarded as a curse; V. anathematize@ancestry @/'nsistri/ family descent; ADJ. ancestral@anchor@/'k/ secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; N. anchorage@ancillary@ serving as an aid or accessory; auxiliary; N.@anecdote@/'nikdout/ short story of an amusing or interesting event@anemia@ condition in which blood lacks red corpuscles; ADJ. anemic@anest hetic@/,nis'qetik/ substance that removes sensation with or without loss of conscio usness; N. anesthesia@anguish@/'gwi/ acute pain; extreme suffering@angular@ sharp-cornered; having an angle; not rounded (body); bony; lean; gaunt; stiff in manner@animadversion@/,nimd'v:n/ critical remark; V. animadvert: comment critical ly with disapproval@animated@/'nimeitid/ lively; spirited@animosity@/,ni'msiti/

active enmity@animus@/'nims/ hostile feeling or intent; animosity; hostility; disposition@annals@/'nlz/ records arranged in yearly parts; history@anneal @/'ni:l/ reduce brittleness and improve toughness by heating and cooling (metal o r glass)@annex@/'neks/ attach; add to a large thing; take possession of; incorp orate (territory) into a larger existing political unit (by force); N: building added to a large one@annihilate@/'naileit/ destroy@annotate@/'nouteit/ comment; make explanatory notes@annuity@ yearly allowance@annul@/'nl/ make void@anodyne@/'noudain/ drug that relieves pain or trouble;opiate; ADJ. Ex. anodyne statement@anoint@/'nint/ consecrate; put oil on (in a religious c eremony)@anomalous@ abnormal; irregular@anomaly@/'nmli/ irregularity@ano nymity@/,n'nimiti/ state of being nameless; anonymousness; ADJ. anonymous@a ntagonism@/n'tgnizm/ hostility; active opposition; V. antagonize: cause to be come an enemy; N. antagonist: person who is opposed to another; opponent; advers ary; principal character in oppostion to the protagonist@antecede@null precede@ antecedents@null preceding events that influence what comes later; ancest ors or early background@antediluvian@/'ntidi'lu:vjn/ antiquated; extremely an cient@anthem@/'nqm/ song of praise or patriotism; Ex. national anthem@anthology@/n'qld book of literary selections by various authors; CF. omnibus@anthropoid@/'nqrpid/ manlike; resembling a human being; N.@anthropologist@/,nqr'pldist/ student of the h istory and science of humankind@anthropomorphic@/,nqrp'm:fik/ having human form or racteristics@anticlimax@/'nti'klaimks/ letdown in thought or emotion; something unexciting, ordinary, or disappointing coming after something important or exci ting@antidote@/'ntidout/ remedy to counteract a poison or disease; Ex. antidote t o the economic troubles@antipathy@/n'tipqi/ aversion; dislike or opposition@antiquat ed@/'ntikweitid/ obsolete; old-fashioned; outdated@antique@/n'ti:k/ made in an earlier period and usu. valuable; N: object that was made in an earlier perio d and that is rare or valuable@antiquity@/n'tikwiti/ quality of being very ol d; ancient times;@antiseptic@/,nti'septik/ substance that prevents infectio n in a wound; ADJ.@antithesis@/n'tiqisis/ contrast; direct opposite of or to; ADJ. antithetic or antithetical@antler@/'ntl/ bony growth on the head of a deer@anvil@ /'nvil/ iron block used in hammering out metals@apathy@/'pqi/ lack of caring; indifference; lack of concern or interest in important matters; Ex. He was sunk in apathy after his failure; ADJ. apathetic@ape@/eip/ imitate or mimic (a pers on's behavior or manner)@aperture@ opening; hole; adjustable opening in a c amera that limits the amount of light@apex@ tip; summit; climax; highest poi nt@aphasia@/'feizj/ loss of speech due to injury or illness@aphorism@/'frizm/ pithy maxim or saying; ADJ. aphoristic@apiarist@/'eipjrist/ person who keeps bees@apiary@/'eipjri/ a place where bees are kept@apiculture@/'eipiklt/ bee-keep ing@aplomb@/'pl:/ poise; composure in difficult situations; assurance; self-confid ence@apocalyptic@/,pk'liptik/ prophetic; pertaining to revelations especially of disaster; N. apocalypse@apocryphal@/'pkrifl/ (of a story) widely believed but untrue@apogee@ highest point; the point farthest from the earth; OP. perigee@ap olitical@/,p'litikl/ having an aversion or lack of concern for political affa irs@apologist@/'pldist/ one who writes in defense of a cause or institution; N. apologia@apoplexy@/'ppleksi/ stroke; loss of consciousness caused by too much blood in the brain@apostate@/'pstsi/ one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs; N. apostasy@apothecary@/'pqikri/ druggist; pharmacist@apothegm(ap ophthegm)@null pithy, compact saying@apotheosis@/,pqi'ousi:z/ elevation to god hood; an ideal example of something@appall@null dismay; shock deeply@apparent@ evident; easily seen or understood; appearing as such; Ex. apparent improvement@ apparition@/,p'rin/ ghost; phantom@appease@/'pi:z/ pacify or soothe; Ex. ap pease a crying baby; N. appeasement@appellation@/,pe'lein/ name; title@appe nd@ attach@application@/,pli'kein/ diligent attention; diligence; V. apply oneself@apposite@/'pzit/ appropriate; fitting@appraise@/'preiz/ estimate value o f; N. appraisal@appreciate@/'pri:ieit/ be thankful for; increase in worth; be t horoughly conscious of; ADJ. appreciable: enough to be felt; Ex. appreciable dif ference@apprehend@/,pri'hend/ arrest (a criminal); dread; perceive; N. apprehe nsion@apprehensive@/,pri'hensiv/ fearful; discerning@apprise@/'praiz/ inform@a pprobation@/,pr'bein/ approval@appropriate@/'proupriit/ acquire; take po ssession of for one's own use without permission; set aside for a particular pur

pose; allocate; CF. misappropriate@appurtenances@null subordinate possessions; something added to a more important thing@apropos@/'prpou/ with reference t o; regarding; Ex. remarks apropos (of) the present situation; ADJ. ADV.@aptitude @/'ptitju:d/ fitness; talent@aquiline@/'kwilain/ curved; hooked; of or li ke an eagle; Ex. aquiline nose@arable@/'rbl/ fit for growing crops; Ex. arabl e land@arbiter@/':bit/ person with power to decide a matter in dispute; judge w ho is in a position ot make influential judgments; Ex. supreme arbiter of fashio n in beachware@arbitrary@/':bitrri/ unreasonable or capricious; random; tyra nnical; Ex. arbitrary ruler@arbitrate@/':bitreit/ act as judge (at the req uest of both sides)@arboreal@/:'b:ril/ of or living in trees@arboretum@/,:b'ri:tm place where different trees and shrubs are studied and exhibited@arcade@/:'keid/ a covered passageway usually lined with shops@arcane@null esoteric; secret ; mysterious; known only to the initiated; Ex. arcane ritual; Ex. arcane process closed to the uninitiated listener@arch-@null chief; first; Ex. archbishop@arc haeology@/,:ki'ldi/ study of artifacts and relics of early mankind@archaic@/:'keiik/ antiquated; no longer used; belonging to the past; N.@archetype@/':kitaip/ prototype; primitive pattern@archipelago@/,:ki'peligou/ group of closely located islands@archives@/':kitreiv/ public records; place where public records are k ept@ardor@ heat; passion; zeal; ADJ. ardent@arduous@/':djus/ hard; strenuous; Ex. arduous work@argot@/':gou/ slang; speech spoken by only a small group of pe ople@aria@/':ri/ operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio @arid@/'rid/ (of land) dry; barren; unproductive@aristocracy@/,ris'tkrsi/ hereditary nobility; privileged class; government by nobility; N. aristocrat@arm ada@/:'m:d/ fleet of warships@aromatic@/,rou'mtik/ fragrant; having a sweet smell; N. aroma: strong pleasant smell@arraign@/'rein/ charge in court; indict@ array@ marshal; draw up in order; arrange in order; clothe splendidly; adorn; N : fine clothes; ordered group; Ex. in battle array@arrears@ being in debt; m oney that should have been paid; work that should have been done@arrhythmic@null lacking rhythm or regularity; N. arrhythmia@arrogance@/'rgns/ pride; haughtine ss; ADJ. arrogant: unpleasantly self-important (with a strong confidence in one' s own importance and a lack of respect for other people)@arroyo@ gully; n arrow channel formed by rainwater@arsenal@/':sinl/ storage place for milita ry equipment@artery@/':tri/ blood-vessel; CF. vein@artful@/':tful/ exhibiti ng art or skill; deceitful; cunning; CF. artifice@articulate@/:'tikjulit/ effective; distinct; expressing ideas clearly; having clear sounds; having joint s; Ex. articulate speech; V: express thoughts and feeling clearly; pronounce cle arly; unite by joints@artifacts@null object made by human beings, either hand -made or mass-produced@artifice@/':tifis/ deception; trickery@artisan@/,:ti 'zn/ a manually skilled worker@artless@/':tlis/ without guile; open and honest@ascendancy@/'sendnsi/ controlling influence; position of controlling i nfluence; CF. in the ascendant@ascertain@/,s'tein/ find out for certain; ma ke certain@ascetic@/'setik/ practicing self-denial; avoiding physical pleasu res and comforts; austere; Ex. ascetic life of Buddhist monks; N. asceticism@asc ribe@/s'kraib/ refer; attribute; assign@aseptic@/'septik/ preventing infec tion; having a cleansing effect@ashen@/'n/ ash-colored; deadly pale@asinine @/'sinain/ stupid; Ex. asinine remarks@askance@/s'kns/ with a sideways or indirect look (with disapproval or distruct); Ex. look askance at@askew@/s'kju :/ crookedly; slanted; at an angle@asperity@/s'periti/ sharpness; rough ness; severity (of temper or weather); Ex. asperities of a Russian winter@aspers ion@/s'p:n/ slanderous remark; Ex. cast aspersions on@aspirant@/s'pairnt/ seeker after position or status@aspire@/s'pai/ seek to attain (position or stat us); long for; Ex. aspire to become president; Ex. aspire to/after the leadershi p@assail@/'seil/ assault@assay@/'sei/ analyze (to discover what materials are present); evaluate (soil or ore)@assent@/'sent/ agree; accept; N. assessment@ass ert@/'s:t/ state strongly or positively; demand recognition of (rights, cla ims, etc.); make a claim to (by forceful action); Ex. assert one's independence@ assiduous@/'sidjus/ diligent@assimilate@/'simileit/ absorb; take (food) into the body and digest it; understand (knowledge) completely and be able to use pr operly; cause to become homogeneous (the people of a country or race in the wasy of behaving or thinking)@assuage@/'sweid/ mak less severe; ease or lessen

(pain); satisfy (hunger); soothe (anger)@assumption@ something taken for gran ted; the taking over or taking possession of; Ex. her assumption of power; V. as sume@assurance@/'urns/ firm statement that something is certainly true; promise or pledge; certainty; confidence in one's own ability; self-confidence; Ex. In spite of all his assurances, he did not come back; Ex. assurance of his loyalty; Ex. The teacher lacked assuranc@asteroid@ small planet@astigmatism@/s'tigmti zm/ eye defect which prevents proper focus; OP. stigmatism@astral@/'strl/ relating to the stars@astringent@/s'trindnt/ binding; causing contraction (st opping bleeding); harsh or severe; stringent; Ex. astringent criticism@astronomi cal@/,str'nmik/ enormously large or extensive@astute@/s'tju:t/ wise; shrewd; ke en; seeing quickly something that is to one's advantage@asunder@/'snd/ into par ts; apart; V. sunder@asylum@/'sailm/ place of refuge or shelter; protection ( religious or political)@asymmetric@/,si'metrik/ not identical on both sides of a dividing central line@atavism@/'tvizm/ resemblance to remote ancestors rather t han to parents; reversion to an earlier type; throwback; ADJ. atavistic@atheisti c@/,eiqi'istik/ denying the existence of God; N. atheism@atone@/'toun/ make ame nds for; pay for; Ex. atone for@atrocity@/'trousnis/ brutal deed; ADJ. atroci ous@atrophy@/'trfi/ wasting away; V: weaken and lose flesh and muscle (throu gh lack of blood or lack of use)@attentive@/'tentiv/ alert and watchful; list ening carefully; paying attention; considerate; thoughtful; politely helpful; Ex . attentive audience; Ex. He was attentive to the old lady; N. attentions: act o f courtesy and consideration@attenuate@ make thin; weaken@attest@/'test/ testify; bear witness@attire@/'tai/ clothe; N: clothing; array; apparel@attribute@/'t ribju:t/ essential quality; V: ascribe; explain@attrition@/'trin/ rubbing away by friction; gradual decrease in numbers or strength; reduction in the work force without firing employees; wearing away of opposition by means of harassme nt; Ex. a war of attrition@atypical@/'tipikl/ not normal; not typical@audaciou s@/:'deis/ daring; bold; N. audacity@audit@ examination of accounts of a bus iness; official examination; V.@augment@ increase; add to@augury@/':gjuri/ omen; prophecy; sign of coming events; V. augur: predict; foretell; be a sign of (something in future)@august@/':gst - :'gst/ impressive; majestic@aureole@/:'r il/ sun's corona; halo; bright circle of light@auroral@/:'r:rl/ pertaini ng to the aurora borealis; CF. aurora australis@auspicious@/:s'pis/ favoring success; giving signs of future success; Cf. auspices@austere@/:s'ti/ forbiddi ngly stern; ascetic; without comfort or enjoyment; severely simple and unornamen ted; Ex. a monk's austere life; Ex. austere grandeur of the cathedral; N. auster ity@authenticate@/:'qentikeit/ prove genuine@authoritarian@/:,qri'terin/ subordin ating the individual to the state; completely dominating another's will; Ex. aut horitarian regime/father@authoritative@/:'qrittiv/ having the weight of authority; regarded as providing knowledge that can be trusted; reliable; peremptory and di ctatorial; Ex. authoritative dictionary/manner; CF. definitive@autocratic@/,:t'krti k/ having absolute unchecked power; dictatorial; N. autocrat, autocracy@aut omaton@ mechanism that imitates actions of humans; machine that works by itself@ autonomous@/:'tnms/ self-governing; N. autonomy@autopsy@/':tpsi/ examination of a dead body; postmortem; V.@auxiliary@ offering or providing help; additional o r subsidiary; N: helper; assistant@avalanche@/'vl:n/ great mass of falling sn ow and ice@avantgarde@/'v:'g:d/ group of artists whose work is based on the newe st ideas and methods; CF. vanguard@avarice@/'vris/ greediness for wealth@av enge@/'vend/ take vengence for something or on behalf of someone; Ex. They av enged his death by burning the village; Ex. He swore to avenge his brother; Ex. They avenged themselves on their enemy.@aver@/'v:/ state confidently; decla re as true@averse@/'v:s/ reluctant; disinclined; not liking or opposed; Ex. avers e to cats/doing the house work@aversion@/'v:n/ firm dislike@avert@/'v:t/ preve avoid; turn away (eyes or thought); Ex. An accident was averted by his quick th inking; Ex. She averted her eyes from the terrible sight.@aviary@/'eivjri/ enclosure for birds; large cage@avid@/'vid/ greedy; extremely eager for; Ex. avid learner; N. avidity@avocation@/avocation/ secondary or minor occupation@av ow@/'vau/ declare openly; N. avowal@avuncular@/'vkjul/ of or like an un cle@awe@/:/ solemn wonder; feeling of respect mixed with wonder and fear; V: fill with awe; ADJ. awesome@awful@/':ful/ terrible; very bad@awl@/:l/

pointed tool used for piercing@awry@/'rai/ distorted; crooked; bent; Ex. Ou r plans have gone awry.@axiom@ self-evident truth requiring no proof@azure@/'/ sky blue@babble@ chatter idly or foolishly; make continuous sounds like w ater running gently over rounded stone; N.@bacchanal@/'bknl/ noisy party with a lot of drinking@bacchanalia@/,bk'neilj/ the ancient Roman festival in honor of B acchus@bacchanalian@/,bk'neiljn/ drunken@backslide@/'bk'slaid/ revert (to bad h abits); N. reverter@backwards@/'bkwdz/ and forwards; Ex. reciprocate his invita tion by inviting him; N. reciprocity: reciprocal relationship; mutual interchang e of advantages between two groups; Ex. reciprocity in trading rights@badger@/bd/ pester; annoy continually with demands; persuade by asking again and again; Ex. The children badgered me into taking them into the cinema; N: a kind of mountain animal@badinage@/'bdin:/ teasing conversation; banter; joking talk@baffle@/'bfl/ frustrate; perplex@bait@/beit/ harass; tease; torment; Ex. badger baiting; N: f ood or other lure used to catch fish or trap animals@baleful@/'beilful/ evil; ma lignant in intent or effect; deadly; having a malign influence; portending evil; ominous; threatening; Ex. baleful look@balk@/b:k/ stop short, as if faced with an obstacle, and refuse to continue; foil; stop or get in the way of; frust rate@ballast@/'blst/ heavy substance used to add stability or weight; V. supp ly with ballast@balm@/b:m/ something that relieves pain; oily liquid with a pleasant smell from trees@balmy@/'b:mi/ soft and mild (of air); fragrant@banal@/ b'n:l/ hackneyed; commonplace; trite; lacking originality; clich\'ed@bandy@/'bnd i/ discuss lightly or glibly; discuss in a frivolous manner; exchange (word s) heatedly; quarrel; Ex. bandy words with@bane@/bein/ posion; cause of ruin; A DJ. baneful: harmful; poisonous@bank@ heap; piled-up mass; embankment; lateral tilting (as of an aircraft in turning); V: pile up; protect with a bank; tilt i n turning@bantering@ joking talk; good-naturedly ridiculing; N.V. banter@bar@ /b:/ railing in a courtroom; legal profession; vertical line dividing a staff into equal measures; Ex. prisoner at the bar; V: shut in or out with bars; forb id; exclude; CF. barrister@barb@/b:b/ sharp projection from fishhook, arrow, o r other object; openly cutting remark@bard@/b:d/ poet@barefaced@/'befeist/ shameless and noticeable; blatant; bold; unconcealed; having no covering on the face; Ex. barefaced lie@bargain@/'b:gin/ agreement between two groups or people; something for sale at a price advantageous to the buyer; V: negotiate; trade; Ex . bargaining power@baroque@/b'rouk/ highly ornate@barrage@/'br:/ barrier laid down by artillery fire; overwhelming profusion; large number of questions o r statements; Ex. a barrage of criticism@barrister@/'brist/ counselor-at-law or lawyer in the higher court of law; CF. bar@barterer@ trader; V. barte r: trade; exchange good for other goods rather than money@base@ contemptible; mo rally bad; inferior in value or quality; Ex. base motives/conduct; Ex. base meta l such as iron@bask@/b:sk/ luxuriate; take pleasure in warmth@bastard@ illegitimate child@bastion@/'bstin/ stronghold; something seen as a source o f protection; Ex. the last bastion of male chauvinism@bate@/beit/ let down ; lessen the force of; moderate; restrain; Ex. with bated breath; CF. abate@batt alion@/b'tljn/ army unit made up of four or more companies@bauble@/'b:bl/ trinket; cheap jewel; trifle@bawdy@/'b:di/ indecent; obscene; about sex in a rude funny way; CF. bawd@bearing@ deportment; connection@beatific@/,bi:'tif ik/ giving or showing bliss; blissful@beatitude@/bi:'titju:d/ blessedn ess; state of great happiness@bedizen@/bi'daizn/ dress with vulgar finery @bedraggle@/bi'drgl/ wet thoroughly; ADJ. bedraggled: draggled@beeline@/'bi:l ain/ direct quick route@befuddle@/bi'fdl/ confuse thoroughly@beget@/bi'get / father; become the father of; produce; give rise to@begrudge@/bi'grd/ envy; give or allow unwillingly; grudge; Ex. We shouldn't begrudge him his succe ss.@beguile@/bi'gail/ deceive; mislead or delude; cheat; pass time pleasantly; charm or attract; Ex. beguiling smile@behemoth@/bi'hi:mq/ huge creature; something of monstrous size or power@beholden@/bi'houldn/ obligated; indebted; owing thank s; obliged or indebted from gratitude@behoove(behove)@null be suited to; be incumbent upon; be right and necessary; Ex. It behooves one to do.@belabor@null harp on; dwell on tediously; explain or go over excessively or to a ridiculous d egree; assail verbally; beat severely; attack physically@belated@/bi'leitid/ delayed@beleaguer@/bi'li:g/ besiege or attack (with an army); harass; beset@

belie@/bi'lai/ contradict; give a false impression; disguise; Ex. The poor sale s belied our high hopes; Ex. Her smile belies her true feeling of displeasure.@b elittle@/bi'litl/ disparage; depreciate@bellicose@/'belikous/ warlike@ belligerent@/bi'lidrnt/ quarrelsome@bemoan@/bi'moun/ lament; moan for; expres s sorrow or disapproval of@bemused@null confused; lost in thought; preoccupied@b enediction@/,beni'dikn/ blessing@benefactor@/'benifkt/ gift giver; patron; p on who does good or who gives money for a good purpose@beneficent@/bi'nefisnt/ kindly; doing good@beneficial@/,beni'fil/ helpful; useful; advantageous@beneficiar y@/,beni'firi/ person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy o r will@benefit@/'benifit/ advantage; anything that brings helpl, advantage , or profit; money provided by the government to the people; fund-raising public entertainment; Ex. unemployment benefit; V: receive benefits; be beneficial to; give benefits@benevolent@/bi'nevlnt/ generous; charitable; having a wish to d o good@benign@/bi'nain/ kindly; favorable; not malignant (disease); Ex. benign t umor@benison@/'benizn/ blessing@bent@/bent/ determined; Ex. bent on advancin g in the business; N: natural talent or inclination@bequeath@/bi'kwi:/ leave to someone by means of a will; hand down in his will; N. bequest@berate@/bi'reit/ scold strongly@bereaved@ deprived of (someone beloved through death)@bere avement@/bi'ri:vmnt/ state of being deprived of something valuable or beloved ; state of being bereaved or bereft@bereft@/bi'vi:v/ deprived of (something v aluable); lacking@berserk@ mad with violent anger; frenzied; madly excited@ beseech@/bi'si:t/ beg; plead with@beset@/bi'set/ harass or trouble from a ll directions; hem in@besiege@/bi'si:d/ surround with armed forces; harass (with requests); annoy continually@besmirch@/bi'sm:t/ soil; defile; make dirty@bestial @/'bestjl/ beastlike; brutal; inhuman; very cruel@bestow@/bi'stou/ confer@b etoken@/bi'toukn/ signify; indicate; be a sign of@betray@/bi'trei/ be unfaithful; reveal (unconsciously or unwillingly); Ex. Her trembling hands be tray her anxiety.@betroth@/bi'trou/ become engaged to marry@bevy@/'bevi/ large group; Ex. a bevy of starlets@beware@/bi'we/ be cautious (of)@bewitch @/bi'wit/ cast a spell over; captivate completely@bicameral@ two-cham bered as a legislative body@bicker@/'bik/ quarrel@bid@ command; utter ( a greeting); offer as a price; N: offer of a price; amount offered; earnest effo rt to gain something; Ex. bid for freedom@biennial@/bai'enil/ every two years@ bifurcated@null divided into two branches; forked@bigot@/'bigt/ one who is intol erant (in matters of religion or politics)@bigotry@/'bigtri/ stubborn intoler ance@bilious@/'biljs/ suffering from indigestion; sick from having too much bi le; irritable; easily irritated@bilk@/bilk/ swindle; cheat@billow@/'bilou/ large wave of water; a great swell or surge (of smoke); V: surge, swell, roll in billows@billowing@null swelling out in waves; surging@biting@/'baiti/ sharply painful to the body or mind; Ex. biting wind/remarks@bitter@/'bit/ having a sharp biting taste; ; causing sharp pain to the body or mind; filled with resent ment, disappointment, or other unpleasant feelings; Ex. bitter wind/sorrow/tears @bivouac@/'bivuk/ temporary encampment; camp without tents; V.@bizarre@/bi 'za:/ fantastic; violently contrasting; noticeably odd; strikingly unconventio nal@blackball@ vote against (an applicant); ostracize; N: negative vote@blanch@ /bl:nt/ bleach; whiten; make white or pale@bland@/blnd/ soothing or mild (foo agreeable; causing no trouble or offence@blandishment@/'blndimnt/ flattery@blare@/ ble/ loud or harsh roar or screech; dazzling blaze of light@blase@null bored with pleasure or dissipation; uninterested or bored@blasphemy@/'blsfimi/ irreverence; sacrilege; cursing; bad language about God or holy things; V. blasp hem; ADJ. blasphemous; CF. sacrilege@blatant@/'blitnt/ extremely (offensively) obvious; loudly offensive; Ex. blatant lie; N. blatancy@bleak@/bli:k/ cold or cheerless; frigid; unlikely to be favorable; depressing@blemish@/'blemi/ mar; spo il the beauty or perfection of; N: flaw or defect (that spoils perfection); Ex. blemishes in the crystal; CF. unblemished@blight@/balit/ plant disease; V : infect with blight; ruin; destroy@blighted@null suffering from a disease ; destroyed@bliss@/blis/ complete happiness; ADJ. blissful@blithe(blithes ome)@null gay; joyous@bloated@/'bloutid/ (unpleasantly) swollen or puffed as with water or air@blotch@/blt/ spot; blot; CF. blot+botch@blowhard@/'bl ouh:d/ talkative boaster; braggart@bludgeon@/'bldn/ club; heavy-headed weapo

n; V.@blue@/blu:/ gloomy; depressed@blues@/blu:z/ state of depression or m elancholy; style of slow, mournful music (evolved from southern Black American s ongs)@bluff@/blf/ pretense (of strength); deception; high cliff; ADJ: roug h but good-natured@blunder@/'blnd/ error; stupid mistake@blunt@/blnt/ having a dull edge; abrupt and frank in speech or manner; brusque; V: make or be come blunt@blurt@/bl:t/ utter impulsively from nervousness or excitement@blush@/ bl/ become red in the face (from embarrassment or shame); become red or rosy ; N.@bluster@/'blst/ blow in heavy gusts; threaten emptily; bully; speak in a noisy or bullying manner; CF. breeze, gust, gale@bode@/boud/ foreshadow; port end@bog@/bg/ soft wet land; V: hinder or be hindered; Ex. bogged down in the mud@bogus@/'bougs/ counterfeit; not authentic; intentionally false; Ex. bog us interview@Bohemian@/bou'hi:mjn/ unconventional (in an artistic way)@bois terous@/'bistrs/ violent; rough; noisy@bolster@/'boulst/ support; reinforce@bo /boult/ door bar; fastening pin or screw; length of fabric; large roll of cloth; V: dash or dart off; fasten (a | door); gobble down@bombardment@/bm'b:dmnt/ attack (as with missiles or bombs); V. bombard@bombast@/'bmbst/ grandiloquent, p ompous speech@bombastic@/bm'bstik/ pompous; using inflated language@bookish @/'buki/ fond of books and reading@boon@/bu:n/ blessing; benefit; something ver y helpful@boor@/bu/ rude, insensitive person@boorish@/'buri/ rude; insensitiv e@boost@ lift by pushing up from below; increase; raise; N: push upward; increase@botch@/bt/ mismanage; blow@bouillon@/'bu:j:/ clear beef (or meat) sou p@bound@ leap or spring; limit or confine; constitute the limit of; Ex. b ounded by Canada; N: leap or jumping; boundary; ADJ: certain; having a duty to d o something (legally or morally); confined by bonds; Ex. We are bound to be late ; Ex. I am bound to@bountiful@/'bauntis/ generous; graciously generous; showing b ounty@bourgeois@/'buwa:/ middle class; selfishly materialistic; too interested in material possessions@bout@/baut/ match; short period of great activity; E x. wrestling bout; bout of drinking/flu@bovine@/'bouvain/ cowlike; placid and dull; slow-thinking; calm@bowdlerize@/'baudlraiz/ expurgate; CF. Thomas Bo wdler@brackish@/'brki/ somewhat saline@brag@/brg/ boast@braggadocio@/,brg'do utiou/ boasting@braggart@/'brgt/ boaster; bragger@braid@ plait; interweave strand s or lengths of; make by weaving strands together; N: braided segment (as of hai r)@brand@/brnd/ trademark; mark burned on the hide of an animal; mark burned int o the flesh of criminals; mark of disgrace; V: mark with a brand; give a lasting bad name; stigmatize; Ex. The press branded him a liar.@brandish@/'brndi/ wave around (a weapon); flourish@bravado@/br'v:dou/ swagger; assumed air of defiance; false show of bravery@brave@/breiv/ face courageously; Ex. brave the storm@brawl@/br:l/ noisy quarrel@brawn@/br:n/ human muscle; muscular s trength; sturdiness@brawny@/'br:ni/ muscular; having well-developed muscles@ brazen@/'breizn/ insolent; without shame; bold; Ex. brazen lie; V: face w ith bold self-assurance or with unshamed confidence@breach@/bri:t/ breaking of contract or duty; fissure or gap; opening; V.@breadth@ width; extent@br eed@ produce young; rear; bring up; produce (an undesirable condition); N: ki nd or sort of animal or plant@brevity@ conciseness; shortness of duration@bridl e@/'braidl/ harness fitted about a horse's head (used to restrain); curb; ch eck; V: put a bridle on; control or restrain; show anger@brim@/brim/ uppermos t edge of a cup; projecting rim (as on a hat); Ex. The glass was full to the bri m; V: be full to the brim@brindled@/'brindl/ tawny or grayish with streaks or spots (of animals)@brink@/brik/ edge (at the top of a cliff); Ex. on the brink o f the Grand Canyon@brisk@/brisk/ quick and active; marked by liveliness a nd vigor@bristle@/'brisl/ short stiff hair; V: (hair or fur) stand up stif fly@bristling@null rising like bristles; showing irritation@brittle@/'britl / hard but easily broken; difficult; unstable; Ex. brittle situation@broac h@/brout/ introduce as a subject; moot; open up@brocade@/br'keid/ rich, fi gured(patterned) fabric@brochure@/'brouju/ pamphlet@broil@/bril/ cook by direct heat; N.@bromide@/'broumaid/ platitude; chemical compound used to cal m excitement@brooch@/brout/ ornamental clasp; pin@brood@/bru:d/ sit on i n order to hatch; think deeply or worry anxiously; N: the young of certain anima ls; group of young birds hatched at one time@brook@/bruk/ tolerate; endure ; Ex. brook no interference; N: small stream@browbeat@/'braubi:t/ bully; i

ntimidate@browse@/brauz/ graze; feed on growing grass; skim or glance at casually@bruise@/bru:z/ injure without breaking the skin; N.@brunt@/brnt/ main impact or shock (of an attack or blow); Ex. brunt of the argument@brusque@/ brusk/ blunt; abrupt; curt; not wanting to waste time being nice@buccaneer@/,bk'n i/ pirate@bucolic@/bju:'klik/ rustic; pastoral@buffet@/'bufei/ strike forcefully; slap; batter; knock out; N: table with food set out for peopl e to server themselves; meal at which people help themselves to food that's been set@buffoon@/b'fu:n/ stupid person; clown@buffoonery@/b'fu:nri/ clowning @bugaboo@/'bgbe/ bugbear; object of baseless terror@bulge@/bld/ protruding pa swelling of a surface; Ex. The apple made a bulge in his pocket; V: swell outwa rd; protrude@bulk@ size or volume (esp. when very large); main part; Ex. Th e bulk of the work has already been done; ADJ. bulky: having great size@bullion@ /'buljn/ gold and silver in the form of bars@bully@/'buli/ one who is habit ually cruel to weaker people; V.@bulwark@/'bulwk/ strong wall built for de fense; earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends@bump@ hit or k nock against with force; N.@bungle@/'bgl/ mismanage; blunder; botch; blow; spoil b y clumsy behavior@buoyant@/'bint/ able to float; cheerful and optimistic; N. buoya ncy; Ex. buoyancy of wood/water/American market@bureaucracy@/bju'rkrsi/ overregu lated administrative system marked by red tape; ADJ. bureaucratic@burgeon@/'b:dn/ grow rapidly; grow forth; send out buds; Ex. burgeoning computer industry; CF. b ludgeon@burlesque@/b:'lesk/ give an imitation that ridicules; imitate mockin gly@burnish@/'b:ni/ make shiny by rubbing; polish@bust@/bst/ piece of sculptu re showing a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest; V: break up; arrest; Ex. crimebuster@buttress@/'btris/ support; prop up; N. stationary structure to sup port wall; Ex. flying buttress@buxom@ full-bosomed; plump; jolly@cabal@/k'bl/ small group of persons secretly united to promote their own interests@cache@/k/ hiding place; V.@cacophonous@/k'kfns/ discordant; inharmonious; N. cacophony: unpleasant mixture of loud sounds@cadaver@ corpse; dead human body@cadavero us@/k'dvrs/ like a corpse; pale@cadence@/'keidns/ rhythmic rise and fall (of words or sounds); beat; regular beat of sound; rhythm@cadet@/k'det/ student at a mil itary school@cajole@/k'doul/ persuade by praise or false promise; coax; wheed le@calamity@/k'lmiti/ disaster; misery@calculated@null deliberately pla nned; likely@caldron(cauldron)@null large kettle@caliber@/'klib/ ability; quality; diameter of the inside of a round cylinder; Ex. work of very high cali ber@calligraphy@/k'ligrfi/ beautiful writing; excellent penmanship@callous@ /'kls/ hardened; unfeeling; without sympathy for the sufferings of others; unki nd@callow@/'klou/ youthful; immature; inexperienced@callus@/'kls/ area of thick hard skin@calorific@/,kl'rifik/ heat-producing; N. calorie@calumny@/'klmni / malicious misrepresentation; slander@camaraderie@/,km'r:dri:/ good-fel lowship; CF. comrade@cameo@/'kmiou/ shell or jewel carved in relief; star's special appearance in a minor role in a film@camp@/kmp/ group sharing a common c ause or opinion@canard@/k'n:d/ unfounded false rumor; exaggerated false report@ candor@/'knd/ frankness; open honesty; ADJ. candid@canine@/'knain/ related to dogs; doglike@canker@/'kk/ any ulcerous sore; ulcer; any evil; CF. cancer@c anny@/'kni/ shrewd in money matters; thrifty@cant@/knt/ insincere speech or expression of piety; jargon of thieves; special words used by a particular g roup of people@cantankerous@/kn'tkrs/ ill-humored; irritable@cantata@/kn't:t/ story set to music to be sung by a chorus (shorter than an oratorio)@canter@/'knt/ slow gallop; V. CF. trot@canto@/'kntou/ division of a long poem@canvass@/'knvs/ determine or seek opinions, votes, etc.; go through (a region) to solicit votes or orders; conduct a survey; N.@capacious@/k'peis/ spacious@capacity@ mental o r physical ability; role; position or duty; ability to accommodate; Ex. in my ca pacity as president@capillary@/k'pilri/ having a very fine bore; resembling a ha ir; fine and slender; Ex. capillary attraction; N: very fine hairlike tube; CF. capillarity@capitulate@/k'pitjuleit/ surrender; give up all resistance@capric e@/k'pri:s/ whim; sudden change of mind without any real cause@capricious@/k' pris/ unpredictable; fickle@capsize@/kp'saiz/ (of a boat) turn over@caption@ title; chapter heading; text under illustration@captious@/'kps/ faultfinding; to o critical@carafe@/k'r:f/ glass water bottle; decanter@carapace@/'krpeis/ shell vering the back (of a turtle, tortoise, crab, etc.)@carat(karat)@null unit of

weight for precious stones; measure of the purity of gold@carcinogenic@ causing cancer; N. carcinogen@cardinal@ chief; most important; N: priest; cardinal numbe r: number that shows quantity rather thatn order@cardiologist@ doctor specializ ing in ailments of the heart@careen@/k'ri:n/ lurch; sway from side to side; m ove with irregular swinging movement; stagger@career@/k'ri/ rush wildly; go at full speed@carefree@/'kefri:/ free from worries; having no problems@caricature @/,krik'tju/ distortion; burlesque@carillon@/k'riljn/ a set of bells (often in a tower) capable of being played@carnage@/'k:nid/ destruction of life; sla ughter; killing of large numbers of people or animals@carnal@/'k:nl/ fleshly; sensual; concerning the desires of the body@carnivorous@/k:'nivrs/ meat-eat ing; N. carnivore; CF. herbivore@carousal@/k'rauzl/ drunken revel; V. carous e@carping@null petty criticism; fault-finding; fretful complaining; quibble@car rion@/'krin/ rotting flesh of a dead body; CF. vulture@cartographer@/k:'tgrf/ map-maker@cascade@/ks'keid/ small waterfall@caste@/k:st/ one of the hered itary classes in Hindu society; social stratification; prestige@castigation@/,kst i'gein/ punishment; severe criticism or disapproval@castrate@/'kstreit/ remov he sex organs (of a male animal or person)@casual@/'kjul/ happening by chance; irr egular; occasional; informal; showing or feeling little interest; Ex. casual rea der/labor/remark@casualty@/'kjulti/ serious or fatal accident; person killed or wounded in an accident or battle@cataclysm@/'ktklizm/ deluge; upheaval; earthq uake; violent and sudden event or change@catalyst@/'ktlist/ agent which brin gs about a chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged; CF. cataly sis@catapult@/'ktplt/ slingshot; hurling machine; V: fire from catapult@catara ct@/ktrkt/ great waterfall; eye abnormality (causing a gradual loss of eyesight)@ca tastrophe@/k'tstrfi/ calamity ; disaster@catcall@/'ktk:l/ shout of disappr oval or displeasure (made at the theater or a sports match); boo; V.@catechism@ book for religious instruction in question-and-answer form; religious instructio n by question and answer; V. catechize@categorical@ without exceptions; made without any doubt in mind; unqualified; absolute@cater@/'keit/ provide food and drink (for); cater to: try to satisfy (desires of a bad kind)@catharsis@/k'q:sis/ purging or cleansing of any passage of the body; purging and weakening of strong emotions as a result of experiencing a dramatic work of art@cathartic@/k'q:tik/ purgative; medicine that causes the bowels to empty; ADJ.@catholic@/'kqlik/ (of liki ngs and interests) universal; general; broad; including many different parts; wi de-ranging liberal; Ex. catholic opinions/tastes@caucus@/'k:ks/ private meeting of a group of people in a political party to select officers or determine policy ; CF. the Caucus club of Boston@caulk(calk)@null make watertight (by bloc king up cracks as in a ship)@causal@ implying a cause-and-effect relationship ; N. causality@caustic@/'k:stik/ burning; corrosive; able to burn by chemical act ion; sarcastically biting; (of remarks) intended to hurt; bitter; harmful; OP. h armless@cauterize@/'k:traiz/ burn (a wound or snakebite, etc.) with hot iron or caustic substance to stop bleeding and prevent infection@cavalcade@/,kv'keid/ procession of riders or horse-drawn carriages; parade; CF. cavalry@cavalier@/,kv'l i/ casual and offhand; arrogant; N: knight@cavil@/'kvil/ quibble; make fr ivolous objections; find fault unnecessarily@cede@/si:d/ yield (title or territory) to (esp. after losing a war); surrender formally; N. cession@celerity @/si'leriti/ speed; rapidity@celestial@/si'lestjl/ heavenly@celibate@/'seli bit/ abstaining from sexual intercourse; unmarried; N. celibacy@cemetery@/'se mitri/ place for burying the dead@censor@/'sens/ (in ancient Rome) overse er of morals (also taking the census); person who eliminates inappropriate matte r; V.@censorious@/sen's:risnis/ severely critical@censure@/'sen/ blame; critic ; express strong disapproval; N: severe criticism; strong disapproval@centaur@/' sent:/ mythical figure, half man and half horse@centigrade@/'sentigreid/ denoting a widely used temperature scale (basically same as Celsius)@centrifugal @/sen'trifjugel/ radiating; departing from the center@centrifuge@/'sentri fju:d/ machine that separates substances by whirling them@centripetal@/sen'trip itl/ tending toward the center@centurion@ Roman army officer (commanding a company of about 100 soldiers)@cerebral@/'seribrl/ pertaining to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional; CF. cerebrum@cerebration@/,ser i'brein/ thought; working of the brain@ceremonious@/,seri'mounjs/ marked by for

ity; extremely formal and polite; CF. ceremony: conventional social courtesy@cer titude@/'s:titju:d/ certainty@cessation@/se'sein/ stoppage@cession@/'sen/ yielding to another; ceding@chafe@/teif/ warm by rubbing; make sore by rubbing; N .@chaff@/f:f/ worthless products of an endeavor; husk(outer seed cover) separa ted from grain; Ex. separate the wheat from the chaff@chaffing@null banterin g; joking@chagrin@/'grin/ annoyance and disappointment; vexation (caused by humili ation or injured pride)@chalice@/'tlis/ goblet; consecrated cup@chameleon@/k'mi:l jn/ lizard that changes color in different situations@champion@/'tmpjn/ support militantly; fight for; N: person who fights for or supports strongly (a principle, movement, person, etc.)@championship@/'tmpjnip/ position of champion; de fense or support; competition held to determine a champion@chancellor@/'t:nsl/ legal official of high rank; CF. chancellery(chancellory): position of a chancel lor@chant@/t:nt/ tune(melody) in which a number of words are sung on the same not e; V: sing (a chant); utter (a slogan) in the manner of a chant@chaotic@/kei'tik/ in utter disorder@chapel@/'tpl/ small church (in a prison, college, or hospital) @chaperon@/'proun/ older person who accompanies and supervises a young unmarried wo man@chaplain@/'tplin/ clergyman attached to a chapel@char@/t:/ make or become b lack by burning; reduce or be reduced to carbon or charcoal(black substance made by burning wood) by incomplete combustion@charisma@ divine gift; great popul ar charm or appeal; magnetism@charlatan@/':ltn/ quack; pretender to knowledge (e sp. in medicine)@charm@/t:m/ quality of pleasing; amulet; action or formula t hought to have magical power; spell; V: attract; cast a spell on; bewitch@chary@ /'teri/ cautious; unwilling to take risks; sparing or restrained about giving; O P. bold@chase@ ornament a metal surface by indenting; follow rapidly to catch@c hasm@/'kzm/ abyss; very deep crack@chassis@ framework and working parts of a n automobile; framework to which components are attached@chaste@/teist/ morally pure; virginal; abstaining from illicit sexual acts; modest; simple (of a style of writing); not highly decorated; austere@chasten@/'teisn/ discipline; puni sh in order to correct; CF. castigate@chastise@/ts'taiz/ punish as by beating; cr iticize severely@chauvinist@/'ouvinist/ blindly devoted patriot; zealous adheren t of a group, cause, or sex; ADJ. chauvinistic; CF. chauvinism; Nicolas Chauvin@ check@ stop motion; curb or restrain@checkered(chequered)@null marked by great changes in fortune; with many changes of fortuene; CF. checked: having a pattern of squares@cherubic@/te'ru:bik/ angelic; innocent-looking; N. cherub; CF. seraph : winged angel of the highest order@chicanery@/i'kenri/ trickery; deception@chid e@/taid/ scold; rebuke (someone who has done wrong)@chimerical@/'timnikp/ fanta cally improbable; highly unrealistic; N. chimera: unreal fancy; fire-breathing f emale creature@chip@/tip/ lose a small piece from the surface or edge; N: small piece broken off something; CF. French fry; Potato chip/crisp@chisel@/'tizl / swindle or cheat; N: wedgelike tool for cutting@chivalrous@/'ivlrs/ courteous; faithful; brave; N. chivalry@choice@/tis/ delicate; of very fine q uality@choir@/'kwai/ group of people who sing together (esp. during religious services); place for choir@choleric@/,kkrik/ hot-tempered; bad-tempered; irri table; easily angered; CF. cholera@chore@/t:/ daily domestic task (such as cle aning, cooking, and shopping); unpleasant task@choreography@ art of represent ing dances in written symbols; arrangement of dances@chortle@/'t:tl/ chuckle with delight; N.@chorus@/'k:rs/ phrase repeated throughout a song or poem@chroni c@/'krnik/ long established as a disease@chronicle@/'krnikl/ report; record (in chronological order)@chuckle@/'tkl/ laugh quietly@churlish@null boorish; rude; N. churl: boor; yahoo@ciliated@/'silieitid/ having minute ha irs; CF. cilium; CF. cilia: eyelash@cipher@ nonentity; worthless person or t hing; zero; secret code; V.@circlet@/'s:klit/ small ring; band of gold, silver , jewel, etc. (worn on the head, arms, or neck as decoration)@circuit@/'s:kit/ closed circular line around an area; circumference; regularly repeated journey f rom place to place@circuitous@/s'kju:its/ roundabout@circumlocution@/,s:kml'kju:n/ indirect or roundabout expression (by using an uncecessarily large number of wor ds esp. when trying to avoid answering a difficult question directly)@circumscri be@/'s:kmskrib/ limit; confine; draw a line around@circumspect@/'s:kmspekt/ prudent; cautious; acting after careful thought@circumvent@/,s:km'vent/ outwit; defeat by behaving more cleverly; outsmart; baffle; avoid; get around@cistern@/'

sistn/ reservoir or water tank@citadel@/'sitdl/ fortress@cite@/sait/ quote; c ommend; Ex. cited for bravery in an official record@civil@/'sivl/ having t o do with citizens; not military or religious; courteous and polite; Ex. married in a civil ceremony; Ex. civil strife/disorder/law; N. civility; CF. civic@clai rvoyant@/kle'vint/ having foresight; fortuneteller; N. clairvoyance@clamber@/'klmb/ climb by crawling with difficulties; scramble@clamor@null loud continous n oise; continuous demand or complaint made by a large number of people; V: make a clamor; express (a demand) continually and loudly; ADJ. clamorous@clandestine@/ kln'destin/ secret@clangor@null loud resounding noise; sound of repeated clanging@clap@/klp/ strike the palms of the hands together with a sudden exp losive sound; come together suddenly with a sharp sound; put or send promptly; E x. clap the thief in jail; N: clapping; loud or explosive sound; CF. applause@cl apper@/'klp/ striker (tongue) of a bell@clarion@/'klrin/ shrill, trumpetl ike sound; kind of trumpet used in former times@clasp@/kl:sp/ hold firmly with in arms@claustrophobia@ fear of being locked in@clavicle@/'klvikl/ collarbo ne@cleave@ split or sever; cling to; remain faithful to; N. cleavage; ADJ. cloven@cleft@/kleft/ N: split@clemency@/'klemnsi/ disposition to be lenien t in deciding punishments; mildness as of the weather; ADJ. clement@clich\'e@nul l phrase dulled in meaning by repetition; platitude; ADJ. clich\'ed@client ele@ body of customers@climactic@/klai'mktik/ relating to the highest point; N . climax; CF. climatic@clime@/klaim/ climate@clip@ cut off with shears; fas ten; N: something clipped off (as a short extract from film); clasp or fastener@ clipper@ sailing vessel built for great speed@clique@/kli:k/ small ex clusive group of people@cloister@/'klist/ monastery or convent@clot@/klt/ halfid lump formed from a liquid (or blood); V.@clout@/klaut/ great influence (especially political or social); hard blow with fist@clown@/klaun/ act stup idly; play the fool; N.@cloying@ distasteful (because excessive); excessi vely sweet or sentimental; V. cloy: become unpleasant through too much sweetness or excess@coagulate@/kou'gjuleit/ congeal; thicken; clot; N. coagulant@coa lesce@/,kou'les/ combine; fuse; N. coalescence@coalition@/,kou'lin/ partners hip; league; union of separate political parties@coax@/kouks/ persuade by flat tery@coda@/'koud/ concluding section of a musical or literary composition@ coddle@/'kdl/ treat gently; indulge excessively; pamper; mollycoddle; baby; co ok in water just below boiling point; Ex. coddled eggs@codicil@/'kdisil/ suppleme nt to the body of a will; later addition to a will@codify@/'kdisil/ arrange (laws or rules) as a code; classify; N. code: system of words used instead of or dinary writing; collection of laws, rules, established social customs@coercion@/ kou':n/ use of force to get someone to object; compelling; V. coerce@coeval@/kou 'i:vl/ living at the same time as; existing during the same period of time; con temporary; of the same age@cog@/kg/ tooth projecting from a wheel@cogent@/'k oudnt/ convincing@cogitate@/'kditeit/ think over; ponder@cognate@ havin common origin; related linguistically; allied by blood; similar or akin in natu re; Ex. cognate languages; N.@cognitive@ having to do with knowing or per ceiving related to the mental processes; N. cognition: the mental process of kno wing@cognizance@/'kgnizns/ knowledge; ADJ. cognizant; having knowledge; awa re@cohabit@/kou'hbit/ live together@cohere@/kou'hi/ stick together@cohesion@ /kou'hi:n/ tendency to keep together@cohorts@null group of people who shar e some common quality; armed band; a group of between 300 and 600 soldiers under one commander (in the ancient Rome)@coiffure@/kw:'fju/ hairstyle@coin@/kin/ make coins; invent or fabricate (a word or phrase); N. coinage: word or phrase r ecently invented@coincidence@/kou'insidns/ the chance occurrence, at the sa me time, of two or more seemingly connected events; V. coincide: happen at the s ame time; be in agreement; CF. coincident; CF. coincidental@colander@/'klind/ utensil with perforated bottom used for straining@collaborate@/k'lbreit/ work tog ether; cooperate treasonably with the enemy@collage@/k'l:/ work of art put together from fragments@collate@ examine and compare in order to verify authentic ity; arrange in order (the sheets of a book before they are bound)@collateral@ security given for loan; ADJ: secondary; descended from the same person but thro ugh different sons or daughters@collation@/k'lein/ a light meal; collating@ collected@/k'lektid/ composed; calm; self-possessed@colloquial@/k'loukwil/

pertaining to conversational or common speech; informal; N. colloquialism: collo quial expression@colloquy@/'klkwi/ informal discussion; conversation@collus ion@/k'lu:n/ conspiring in a fraudulent scheme to cheat or deceive others; V. collude@colossal@/k'lsail/ huge@colossus@/k'lses/ gigantic statue; person or thing of great size or importance@coma@/'koumi:/ deep prolonged unconscio usness caused by disease, poison, or a severe blow@comatose@/'koumtous/ in a com a; extremely sleepy@combustible@/km'bstbl/ easily burned; N. CF. combustion@comebac k@/'kmbk/ retort; quick clever reply; return to former status@comely@/'kmli/ attractive; agreeable; having a pleasing appearance@comestible@/k'mestibl/ something fit to be eaten@comeuppance@/,km'pns/ deserts; well-deserved punishmen t or misfortune; rebuke@comity@/'kmiti/ courtesy; civility; Ex. comity of nation s@commandeer@/,kmn'di/ take (private property) for military use without needing permission or giving payment; draft for military purposes@commemorate@/k'mem'rein/ honor the memory of; serve as a memorial to; Ex. commemorate the 100th anniversa ry/those who died in the war@commemorative@/k'memrtiv/ remembering; honoring th e memory of; Ex. commemorative stamp@commensurate@/k'menrit/ equal in extent; of the same size@commiserate@/k'mizriet/ feel or express pity or sympathy for@com modious@/k'moudjs/ spacious and comfortable@commonplace@/'kmnpleis/ ordinary ; N: something ordinary or common; trite remark@commonwealth@/'kmnwelq/ nation g overned by the people; republic; people of a nation@communal@/'kmjunl/ held in common; public; of a group of people; of a commune@commune@/'kmju:n/ small (o ften rural) community whose members share work and income; V: exchange thoughts or feelings; Ex. commune with nature@compact@ agreement; contract; ADJ: tightl y packed; firm; brief; concise; Ex. compact statement@compartment@/km'p:tmnt/ one of the parts into which an enclosed space is divided@compassion@/km'pn/ sympathy for the suffering of others; ADJ. compassionate@compatible@/km'ptbl/ harmonious; in harmony with; able to exist together@compelling@ overpowering; ir resistible in effect; holding one's attention; that compels one to do something; Ex. a compelling adventure story; V. compel@compendium@/km'pendim/ brief, c omprehensive summary; ADJ. compendious@compensatory@/km'penstiv/ making up for; r epaying@compilation@/,kmpi'lein/ listing of information in tabular or book form; compiling@compile@ assemble; gather; accumulate; make (a report or a book) from facts and information found in various places; Ex. compile a dictionary@com placency@/km'pleisns/ self-satisfaction; smugness; ADJ. complacent@complaisant @/'km'pleiznt/ trying to please; obliging; willing to please others@complement@ /'kmpliment/ complete; consummate; make perfect; N.@complementary@ serving to complete something@compliance@ conformity in fulfilling requirements; r eadiness to yield; disposition to yield to others; V. comply@compliant@ readily acting in accordance with a rule, order, or the wishes or others; yielding; comf orming to requirements@complicity@/'km'plisiti/ participation; involvement (in a questionable act or a crime)@component@/km'pounnt/ element; ingredient@comp ort@/km'p:t/ bear one's self; behave; Ex. comport oneself; N. comportment@com post@/'kmpst/ mixture of decaying organic matter used as fertilizer; V: put or make compost@composure@/km'pou/ mental calmness@compound@/'kmpaund/ combine; produce by combining; increase; make worse by adding to or increasing; exacerba te; Ex. compound an error; ADJ: consisting of two or more parts; N: combination of two or more parts; area enclosed by a wall containing a group of buildings;@c omprehend@/,kmpri'hend/ include; understand@comprehensive@/,kmpri'hensiv/ broad; including a lot or everything; thorough; inclusive@compress@ force in to less space; squeeze; contract; put into fewer words; N: thick mass of cloth p ressed to part of the body to stop bleeding or swelling, reduce fever, etc.@comp rise@/km'praiz/ include; consist of@compromise@ adjust or settle by making mutua l concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of; put into danger, disrepu te, or a dishonorable position; Ex. compromise one's principle; N.@compulsion@/km 'pln/ compelling; strong desire that is difficult to control; irresistible imp ulse@compulsive@/km'plsiv/ resulting from compulsion@compulsory@/km'plsri/ obligatory; that must be done@compunction@/km'pkn/ remorse; strong uneasiness cause d by guilt@compute@ reckon; calculate@concatenate@ link as in a chain@conca ve@ hollow; curved inwards; OP. convex@concede@/kn'si:d/ admit; acknowled ge as being true (often reluctantly); yield; grant; Ex. concede a goal@conceit@/

kn'si:t/ vanity or self-love; too high opinion of one's own value; extravagant me taphor (in poetry)@concentric@ having a common center@conception@/kn'sepn/ beginning; forming of an idea; fertilization; V. conceive: form an idea in the m ind; devise; become pregnant; CF. inception@concerted@/kn's:tid/ mutually agreed on; done together by agreement; Ex. concerted effort; CF. in concert: working to gether@concession@/kn'sen/ an act of yielding; conceding; something concede d; point, right, etc. given unwillingly; privilege of maintaining a business in a certain place; Ex. oil concessions in the North sea; CF. concessionaire@concil iatory@/kn'silitri/ reconciling; soothing; V. conciliate: reconcile; soothe; win the friendly feelings (by removing anger)@concise@/knsais/ brief and compac t@conclave@/'knkleiv/ private secret meeting@conclusive@/kn'klu:siv/ decisive ; ending all debate@concoct@/kn'kkt/ prepare by mixing or combining; make up in concert; devise (something false) so as to deceive; Ex. concoct an elaborate excuse for being late; N. concoction@concomitant@ that which accompanies; Ex. Deafnes is a frequent concommitant of old age; ADJ: existing or happening to gether with something else@concord@/'kk:d/ harmony; accord@concordat@/kn'k:dt/ formal agreement@concur@/kn'k:/ agree; coincide; happen at the same time@concurr ent@ happening at the same time; in agreement@condescend@/,kndi'send/ (derog.) bestow courtesies with a superior air; descend to the level of one considered i nferior@condign@/kn'dain/ adequate; (of punishment) severe and well deserv ed@condiments@null seasonings; spices@condole@/kn'doul/ express condolen ces; N. condolence: sympathy for someone who has experienced great sorrow@condon e@/kn'doun/ overlook; forgive; give tacit approval; excuse@conducive@/kn'dju: vis/ helpful; contributive; V. conduce; Ex. conduce to/towards@conduit@ aqueduct; passageway for fluids@confidant(confidante)@null trusted friend ( to whom one tells one's secret)@confide@ tell in confidence (to a person one trusts); be confident about@confidence@/'knfidns/ self-assurance; calm unw orried feeling based on a strong belief in one's abilities; strong belief in the ability of a person or plan; trust or faith in a person or thing; something con fided; secret; Ex. confidence in your ability; Ex. I'm telling yo@confidential@/ ,knfi'denl/ spoken or written in secret; trusted with private matters; Ex. c onfidential secretary@confine@/kn'fain/ shut in an enclosed space; restrict; kee p within limits; N. confinement@confiscate@/'knfiskeit/ seize; take possession o f (private property) by official order (usu. as a punishment); commandeer@confla gration@/,knfl'grein/ great fire@confluence@ flowing together; the place wher e two rivers flow together; crowd; gathering together@conformist@/kn'f:mist/ person who uncritically conforms to the customs of a group; OP. nonconformist: o ne who does not conform to accepted beliefs of norms@conformity@/kn'f:miti/ harmony; agreement with established rules or customs; similarity; Ex. behave in conformity with; V. conform: be similar; act in agreement; comply; Ex. conform t o the rule; CF. conformance@confound@/kn'faund/ confuse; puzzle@congeal@/kn'di:l/ freeze; coagulate@congenial@/kn'di:njl/ pleasant; friendly; in agreement with on e's tastes and nature; Ex. congenial weather@congenital@/kn'denitl/ existing at birth@conglomerate@ corporation made up of several different companies in di versified fields; mass of various material gathered together; rock consisting of small stones held together by clay; V.@conglomeration@/kn,glm'rein/ mass of material sticking together@congruence@/'kgruns/ correspondence of parts; harmoni ous relationship; CF. congruity@congruent@/'kgrunt/ in agreement; harmonious ; corresponding; coinciding exactly; CF. congruous@conifer@/'kounif/ pine tre e (usu. evergreen); cone-bearing tree; ADJ. coniferous; CF. deciduous; CF. everg reen@conjecture@ surmise; guess; V.@conjugal@/'kndint/ pertaining to ma rriage@conjure@/'knd/ cause to appear by magic; summon (a devil or a spirit) b y magical power; practice magic (esp. by very quick movement of the hands); evok e; conjure up: bring into the mind; Ex. The magician conjured a rabbit out of hi s hat.@connivance@/k'naivns/ pretense of ignorance of something wrong; assist ance; permission to offend; V. connive: feign ignorance (of a wrong); cooperate secretly in an illegal action; conspire@connoisseur@/,kni's:/ person competent to act as a judge of art, etc. (whose judgments are respected); a lover of an a rt@connotation@/,knou'tein/ suggested or implied meaning of an expression; V . connote@connubial@/k'nju:bi'liti/ pertaining to marriage or the matrimonia

l state@consanguineous(consanguine)@null having a common ancestor@consang uinity@/,kns'gwiniti/ kinship; relationship by birth@conscientious@/,kni'ensnis scrupulous; through and careful; Ex. conscientious worker@conscript@/kn'skrip/ draftee; person forced into military service; V.@consecrate@/'knsikrit - 'knsikrei t/ dedicate; sanctify; declare as sacred; Ex. consecrate one's life to help ing the poor@consensus@/kn'senss/ general agreement; opinion reached by a group@co nsequential@/,knsi'kwenl/ self-important; significant; consequent; following as a result; Ex. consequential air; CF. subsequent@conservatory(conservatoire)@null school of the fine arts (especially music or drama); glass-enclosed area; CF. co nservancy@consign@ send to a person or place for sale; deliver officially; entrust; put into the care of another; set apart (for a special purpose); N. con signment; CF. consignor, consignee@consistency@ absence of contradictions; unifo rmity; degree of thickness or firmness; Ex. consistency of thick cream; CF. visc ous@console@/kn'soul/ lessen sadness or disappointment; give comfort; allay th e sorrow of; N. consolation@consolidation@/kn,sli'dein/ unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger; V. consolidate: merge; strengthen@consonance@/'knsnns/ harmony; agreement@consonant@/'knsnnt/ harmonious; in agreement; N.@consort@/'kn s:t/ associate with; keep company; N: husband or wife (or a ruler)@conspiracy @/kn'spirsi/ treacherous plot; secret plan against the law (by two or more pe ople)@conspire@/kn'spai/ take part in a conspiracy; (of events) work together; co mbine; Ex. Events conspired to produce great difficulties.@consternation@/,knst:'n ein/ great shock; dismay@constituency@/kn'stitjunsi/ voters represented by an elected official; district so represented; group of supporters (or constituents )@constituent@ supporter; voter; member of a constituency; component@constituti on@/,knsti'tju:n/ constituting; system of laws; composition of something; physical makeup or structure of a person; Ex. men with strong constitutions@constraint@ restraint; compulsion; repression of feelings; reticence; V. constrain: hold bac k; restrain; compel; oblige; confine forcibly; imprison@construe@/kn'stru:/ explain; interpret; Ex. construe her silence as meaning that she agreed; CF. mis construe@consummate@/kn'smit/ complete; V.@contagion@/kn'teidn/ infection (by co ntact); ADJ. contagious; CF. infectious: that can be passed by infection in the air@contaminate@/kn'tmineit/ pollute@contempt@/kn'tempt/ scorn; disdain; ADJ. contemptuous; CF. contemptible@contend@/kn'tend/ struggle; compete; asser t earnestly; state strongly@contention@/kn'tenn/ assertion; claim; thesis; strugg ling; competition@contentious@/kn'tens/ quarrelsome; controversial; likely to ca use arguments@contest@/kn'test/ dispute; argue about the rightness of; compete f or; try to win; Ex. contest the election results; Ex. contest a seat in Parliame nt; N.@context@ writings preceding and following the passage quoted; circumstanc e in which an event occurs@contiguous@ adjacent to; touching upon@continence@/' kntinns/ self-restraint; sexual chastity; sexual abstinence; voluntary control ov er bladder and bowel functions; ADJ. continent@contingent@/kn'tindnt/ dependen t on something uncertain or in the future; conditional; happening by chance; acc idental; N: a group of soldiers, ships to a larger force; CF. contingency: futur e event that may or may not occur; possibility; Ex. prepare for every contingenc y@contortions@null twistings; distortions; V. contort: twist violently out of shape; CF. contortionist@contraband@/'kntrbnd/ illegal trade; smuggling; smuggl ed goods; ADJ.@contravene@/,kntr'vi:n/ contradict; oppose; violate (a rule, law , or custom); N. contravention@contrite@/'kntrait/ penitent; repentant; N. contrition@contrivance@/kn'traivns/ something contrived; machine or apparatu s; clever deceitful plan; scheme@contrive@/kn'traiv/ invent or fabricate in a clever way (by improvisation); manage; Ex. contrive to attract his attention@co ntrived@ unnatural and forced; artificial; not spontaneous; Ex. The endin g was rather contrived.@controvert@/'kntrv:t/ oppose with arguments; attempt t o refute; contradict; ADJ. controversial; N. controversy@contumacious@/,kntju'meis/ stubborn and disobedient; resisting authority (esp. disobedient to an order made by a court)@contusion@/kn'tju:n/ bruise@conundrum@/k'nndrm/ riddle; difficult pro m@convene@/kn'vi:n/ come together; assemble; call to meet; Ex. convene the c ouncil@convention@ social or moral custom; established practice; formal mee ting; international agreement@conventional@ ordinary; typical; not nuclear; Ex. conventional weapons@converge@ approach; tend to meet; come together@co

nversant@/kn'v:snt/ familiar with; having knowledge of@converse@ opposite ; ADJ.@convert@/kn'v:t/ one who has adopted a different religion or opinion; V: change into another form; (persuade to) adopt a particular religion or belief@co nvex@ curving outward@conveyance@/kn'veins/ vehicle; transfer; act of convey ing; Ex. public conveyance@conviction@/kn'vikn/ judgment that someone is guilty of a crime; strongly held belief@convivial@/kn'vivil/ pleasantly merry; festiv e; joyous; gay; characterized by joviality; jovial@convoke@/kn'vouk/ call tog ether; Ex. convoke Parliament; N. convocation@convoluted@/'knvlu:t/ coiled a round; twisted; involved; complicated; intricate; complex; N. convolution: twist ; one of the convex folds of the surface of the brain@convulsion@/kn'vln/ violent uncontrollable shaking movement (caused by illness); V. convulse; ADJ. convulsiv e@copious@/'koupis/ plentiful@coquette@/kou'ket/ flirt; flirtatious woman ; woman who tries to attract the admiration of men without sincere feelings; V.@ cordial@/'k:djl/ warmly friendly; gracious; heartfelt; Ex. cordial welcome@cordon @/'k:dn/ extended line of men or fortifications to prevent access or egress; V.@c ornice@/'k:nis/ projecting molding on building (usually above columns or pillars );@cornucopia@/,k:nju'koupj/ horn (or horn-shaped container) overflowing with fruit and grain; symbol of abundance; horn of plenty@corollary@/k'rlri/ natural consequence (which naturally follows from something else)@coroner@/'krn/ public o fficial who investigates any death thought to be of other than natural causes@co rporeal@/k:'p:ril/ bodily (rather than spiritual); of a bodily form; material; tang ible@corpulent@/'k:pjulnt/ very fat; N. corpulence@corpus@/'k:ps/ collecti on (of writings or information); Ex. the corpus of Shakespear's works; Cf. corps e@corpuscle@/'k:psl/ red or white cell in the blood@correlate@/'krileit/ either of the correlated things; V.@correlation@ mutual relationship@corr oborate@/k'rbreit/ confirm; support; strengthen@corrode@/k'roud/ destroy or wear away gradually by chemical action (over a long period)@corrosive@/k'rousiv/ eating away by chemicals or disease; (of language) fierce@corrugated@ wrinkled ; ridged@cosmic@/'kzmik/ pertaining to the universe; vast@coterie@/'koutri/ group that meets socially; select circle; close group of people with shared inte rests@countenance@/'kauntinns/ approve; support; tolerate; Ex. countenance his rude behavior; N: face; appearance@countermand@/,kaunt'm:nd/ cancel; revoke ( an order)@counterpart@/'kauntp:t/ thing that completes another; things very much a like; thing that has the same purpose in a different system@coup@/ku:/ highly s uccessful action or sudden attack; coup(s) d'\'etat; CF. coup de gr\^ace: deathb low or shot which kills@couple@ join; unite; OP. uncouple@courier@/'kuri/ messenger@court@/k:t/ attempt to gain; seek; woo; risk; behave so as to invite ; attempt to gain the favor of by attention; Ex. court disaster@covenant@/'kvinnt/ binding agreement between two groups or people; compact; V: enter into a covenan t; promise@covert@/'kvt/ secret; hidden; implied; OP. overt@covetous@/'kvits/ avaricious; desirous of (someone else's possessions); V. covet: desire eagerly ( someone else's possessions)@cow@/kau/ terrorize; intimidate@cower@/'kau/ shrink quivering as from fear; cringe@coy@/ki/ shy (flirtatiously); showing a ( pretended) lack of self-confidence; modest; coquettish; CF. job offer@cozen@/'kzn / cheat; hoodwink; swindle@crabbed@/'krbid/ sour; bad-tempered; peev ish; difficult to read as handwriting@craft@/kr:ft/ skill (esp. with one's h ands); skill in deceiving people; guile; ADJ. crafty: cleverly deceitful; cunnin g@crass@/krs/ very unrefined; grossly insensible; crude and undiscriminating; Ex. crass behavior@crave@/kreiv/ desire; want intensely@craven@/'kreivn/ cowardly@credence@/'kri:dns/ belief@credential@null evidence concerning one' s authority; written proof of a person's position; Ex. The new ambassador presen ted his credentials to the court.@credo@ creed@credulity@/kri'dju:liti/ belief on slight evidence; gullibility; naivet\'e; ADJ. credulous@creed@/kri:p/ system of religious or ethical belief@creep@ move with body close to the grou nd; move stealthily or slowly; N.@cremate@/kri'meit/ incinerate (a corpse); N . crematory, crematorium@crescendo@/kri'endou/ increase in the volume or intens ity as in a musical passage; climax; CF. crescent@crest@ top (as of a hil l or wave); showy feathers on the head of a bird@crestfallen@/'krest,f:ln/ dejected; dispirited@crevice@/'krevis/ crack; fissure@cringe@/'krind/ shrink b ack as if in fear; cower@crinkle@/'krikl/ wrinkle@criteria@/krai'tirin/

standards used in judging; CF. criterion@crochet@/'krouei/ make (a piece of needlework) by looping thread with a hooked needle; N. CF. crotchet@crone@/krou ni/ hag; ugly old woman@cross@ bad-tempered; showing ill-humor; angry@c rossbreed@/'krsbri:d/ hybridize; N: hybrid; CF. interbreed; CF. inbreed@crotch ety@/'krtiti/ (of someone old) eccentric; odd; whimsical; bad-tempered; N. cro tchet: odd or whimsical notion@crust@/krst/ hard outer covering (as of earth or snow)@crux@/krks/ essential or main point; Ex. the crux of the problem; AD J. crucial: of deciding importance@crypt@/kript/ secret recess or vault u sually used for burial; underground room (under a church)@cryptic@/'kriptik/ mysterious; hidden; secret@cubicle@/'kju:bikl/ small chamber used for sleeping or work@cue@ word or signal (as in a play to prompt another actor's speech or entrance); reminder or hint; V: give a cue to@cuisine@/kwi':zi:n/ style of cooking; Ex. French cuisine@culinary@/'klinri/ relating to cooking or kitchen@c ull@/kl/ pick out from others (to kill the weakest members); reject; select; coll ect (information); N.@culmination@/,klmi'nein/ highest point; climax; V. culmin ate in: reach the highest point in; end in; Ex. a series of minor clashes culmin ating in war@culpable@/'klpbl/ deserving blame; blameworthy@culprit@/'klprit/ one guilty of a crime@culvert@/'klvt/ artificial channel for water; drain cros sing under a road@cumbersome@/'kmbsm/ heavy and awkward to carry or wear; burd ensome; Ex. cumbersome parcel/uniform@cumulative@ growing by addition; acc umulative@cunning@/'kni/ clever in deceiving; sly; N: cleverness in deceiving; de ceit@cupidity@/kju:'piditi/ greed (for wealth); CF. cupid; CF. Cupid@curator @/kju'reit/ superintendent; manager (in charge of a museum or a library)@cur b@/k:b/ chain or strap used with a bit to restrain a horse; something that check s; V: check; restrain@curfew@/'k:fju:/ regulation requiring all people to leave the streets at stated times; signal (as a bell) announcing the hour of a curfew @curmudgeon@/k:'mdn/ churlish, miserly individual; bad-tempered old person@cu rsive@/'k:siv/ (of writing) flowing; running; having the successive letters joi ned@cursory@/'k:sri/ casual; hastily done with little attention to detail@cur tail@ shorten; reduce@cynical@/'sinik/ skeptical or distrustful of huma n motives; N. cynicism; CF. cynic: person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness@cynosure@/'sinzju/ object of general attention; person or thing tha t is a center of attention; CF. Ursa Minor@dabble@/'dbl/ work at in a nonserious fashion; splash around; move noisily in a liquid@dainty@/'deinti/ delicate ; delicately beautiful; fastidious; not easy to please; Ex. dainty movement/dres s@dais@/'deiis/ raised platform for speakers or other important people@dally@/'dl i/ trifle with; toy with; treat without the necessary seriousness; procrast inate; waste time@damn@/dm/ condemn; criticize severely; condemn to everlast ing punishment; doom; bring to ruin; N. damnation@dank@/dk/ damp; unpleasant ly wet@dapper@/'dp/ neat and trim (in appearance); (of small men) neat in ap pearance and quick in movements; neat; spry@dappled@ spotted@dart@/d:t/ move or throw suddenly and quickly@daub@/d:b/ smear (as with paint); cover wit h something sticky; Ex. daub one's clothes with mud/paint; N: small bit of stick y substance; Ex. a daub of paint@daunt@/d:nt/ intimidate; frighten; discourage ; dishearten@dauntless@/'d:ntlis/ bold; fearless@dawdle@/'d:dl/ loiter; hang around; waste time doing nothing@daze@/deiz/ stun as with a blow or s hock; bemuse; benumb; N.@dazzle@/'dzl/ make blind with a sudden intense light; amaze; fill with wonder@deadlock@/'dedlk/ standstill resulting from the op position of two unrelenting forces; stalemate@deadpan@/'dedpn/ wooden; impassiv e; with no show of feeling; with an expressionless face@dearth@/d:q/ scarcity @debacle@ sudden disastrous downfall or defeat; complete disaster@debar@/d i'b:/ bar; forbid; exclude; Ex. debarred from jury services@debase@/di'beis/ degrade; reduce in quality or value; degenerate; lower in esteem; disgrace; N. d ebasement@debauch@/di'b:t/ corrupt morally; seduce from virtue; N. debauche ry: wild behavior (with sex and alcohol)@debilitate@ weaken (esp. through hea t, hunger, illness); enfeeble@debonair@/,deb'ne/ (of men) friendly, charming, and fashionably dressed; aiming to please; CF. of good disposition@debris@/'debri:/ rubble; wreckage; scattered remains of something broken or destroyed@debunk@/'di :'bk/ expose as false, exaggerated, worthless, etc.; ridicule@debut@ d\'ebut; first public appearance; formal presentation of a young woman to society@debuta

nte@ young woman making formal entrance into society@decadence@/'dekdns/ decay; fall to a lower level (of morality, civilization, or art); ADJ. decadent@ decant@/di'knt/ pour off gently (wine or liquid)@decapitate@/di,kpiteit/ behea ecelerate@/di:'selreit/ slow down@deciduous@/di'sidjus/ falling off at a spec c season or stage of growth as of leaves; Ex. deciduous tree/teeth@decimate@/'de simeit/ kill (usually one out of ten or every tenth man); destroy or kill a larg e part of@decipher@ decode; CF. indecipherable@declivity@/di'kliviti/ downward slope@decollete@null (of a dress) having a low-cut neckline; CF. d\'e colletage: low neckline (on a dress)@decomposition@/,di:kmp'zin/ decay; V. decomp ose: decay; break and separate into simple parts@decorous@/'dekrs/ proper ( in behavior, conduct, or appearance)@decorum@/di'd:rm/ propriety; orderliness a nd good taste in manners; appropriateness of behavior or conduct@decoy@/di'ki/ lure or bait; V.@decree@/di'kri:/ authoritative order; edict; judgment of a court of law; V: order or judge by decree@decrepit@/di'krepit/ weak and in bad condition from old age or hard use; Ex. decrepit old chair/man@decrepitu de@/di'krepitju:d/ state of collapse or weakness caused by illness or old a ge@decry@/di'krai/ express strong disapproval of; condemn openly (something dangerous to the public); disparage; Ex. decry the violence of modern films@ded ucible@/di'dju:sbl/ derived by reasoning; V. deduce: infer; derive by reason ing@deface@/di'feis/ mar; disfigure@defalcate@/'di:flkeit/ embezzle@defame@ /di'feim/ harm someone's reputation; malign; speak evil of; slander; N. de famation; ADJ. defamatory@default@ failure to act; failure to perform a tas k or be present; V.@defeatist@/di'fi:tist/ resigned to defeat or failure; a ccepting defeat or failure as a natural outcome; N. CF. defeatism@defect@ shortcoming; V: desert (in order to join the opposite one)@defection@/di'fekn/ desertion@defer@/di'f:/ give in respectfully; submit; delay till later; exempt t emporarily; N. deferment; CF. show respect, comply with, courteous@deference@/'d efrns/ courteous regard for another's wish; courteous yielding to another's wis h or opinion (showing respect); ADJ. deferential; OP. effrontery@defiance@/di'fa ins/ refusal to yield; resistance; V. defy; ADJ. defiant@defile@/'di:fail/ pollute; make filthy or dirty; corrupt morally; profane; desecrate; N: narrow pa ssage or gorge through mountains@definitive@/di'finitiv/ most reliable; a uthorative and complete; that cannot be improved; conclusive; decisive; definite ; Ex. definitive decision by the supreme court@deflect@ turn aside; turn away fr om a straight course@defoliate@/di'foulieit/ destroy leaves; deprive of leave s (by the use of chemicals); N. defoliant@defray@/di'freil/ provide for the payment of; undertake the payment of; pay@defrock@/'di:'frk/ strip a priest o r minister of church authority; unfrock@deft@/deft/ neat; skillful@defunct@/ di'fkt/ dead; no longer in use or existence@degenerate@ become worse in quality; deteriorate; ADJ: having become worse; Ex. a degenerate species; N: depraved or corrupt person@degradation@/,degr'dein/ humiliation; debasement; degeneration; V . degrade: debase; disgrace; degenerate; reduce (something) in worth; demote (so meone); reduce in rank@dehydrate@/di:'haidreit/ remove water from; dry out@deify @/'di:ifai/ turn into a god; make a god of; idolize; Ex. Kings were deified; CF. deity@deign@/dein/ condescend; stoop@delete@/di'li:t/ erase; strike ou t@deleterious@/,deli'tiris/ harmful@deliberate@/di'librit/ consider; ponder ; ADJ: done on purpose; slow@delineate@/di'linieit/ portray; depict; sketch; describe; N. delineation@delirium@/di'lirim/ mental disorder marked by confus ion; uncontrolled excitement; ADJ. delirious@delta@ flat plain of mud or san d between branches of a river@delude@/di'lu:d/ deceive@deluge@/'delju:d/ flood; rush; V.@delusion@/di'lu:n/ false belief; hallucination; deluding; E x. delusions of grandeur; Ex. under the delusion that@delusive@/di'lu:siv/ deceptive; likely to delude; misleading; raising vain hopes; Ex. delusive promis es@delve@/delv/ dig; search deeply; investigate@demagogue@/'demgg/ person w ho appeals to people's prejudice; false leader of people; CF. demagoguery@demean @/di'mi:n/ disgrace; humiliate; debase in dignity; behave@demeanor@ behavior; bearing@demented@/di'mentid/ insane@demerit@/di:'merit/ fault; b ad quality@demise@/di'maiz/ death@demographic@/,di:m'grfik/ related to popul ation balance; N. demography: statistical study of human population@demolition@/ di'mlimnt/ destruction; V. demolish@demoniac(demoniacal)@null fiendish; cruel;

N. demon: evil supernatural being; devil@demotic@/di:'mtik/ of or pertaining to the people@demur@/di'm:/ object (because of doubts, scruples); raise an o bjection (showing qualms); hesitate; Ex. demur at the idea of working on Sunday@ demure@/di'mju/ (of a woman or child) grave; quiet and serious; coy; pretending to be demure@denigrate@/'denigreit/ blacken; defame@denizen@/'denizn/ (animal, person, or plant) inhabitant or resident of a particular place; regular visitor@denomination@/di,nmi'nein/ religious group; unit in a system; name or designation; CF. denominator: common trait or characteristic@denotation@/,di: nou'tein/ meaning; distinguishing by name; V. denote: indicate; refer to d irectly; mean; CF. connotation@denouement@ final outcome; final development of the plot of a play or other literary work; the end of a story when everythin g is explained@denounce@/di'nauns/ condemn; criticize; N. denunciation@depi ct@/di'pikt/ portray@deplete@/di'pli:t/ reduce; exhaust@deplore@/di'pl:/ regret; express sorrow and severe disapproval for something bad; Ex. deplore the ir violent behavior; ADJ. deplorable: very bad; deserving severe disapproval; Ex . deplorable living condition@deploy@/di'pli/ spread out (troops) in an extend ed though shallow battle line; distribute (persons or forces) systematically or strategically@deport@/di'p:t/ send out of the country; behave; N. deportation, deportment@depose@/di'pouz/ dethrone; remove from office; give a deposition; testify@deposition@/,dep'zin/ testimony under oath; deposing; dethroning@depra vity@/di'prviti/ extreme corruption; wickedness; V. deprave@deprecate@/'deprikeit / express disapproval of; deplore; protest against; belittle; ADJ. depreca tory@depreciate@/di'pri:ieit/ lessen in value; belittle; represent as of littl e value@depredation@/,depri'dein/ plundering; destruction@deputize@/'depju taiz/ work or appoint as a deputy; N. deputy: person who has the power to take charge when the leading person is away@deranged@/di'reindd/ insane@derelict@ /'derilikt/ negligent; (of someone) neglectful of duty; (of something) deser ted by an owner; abandoned; N: abandoned property; homeless or vagrant person@de reliction@/,deri'likn/ neglect of duty; abandonment@deride@/di'raid/ ridicule ; treat with contempt; make fun of; OP. respect@derision@/di'rin/ ridicule ; ADJ. derisive; CF. derisory@derivation@/,deri'vein/ deriving; origin or sour ce of something; Ex. the derivation of the word@derivative@ unoriginal; obta ined from another source; Ex. derivative prose style; N.@dermatologist@/,d:m'tldist/ one who studies the skin and its diseases@derogatory@/di'rgtri/ expressing a low opinion; disparaging; V. derogate: detract; disparage@descry@/dis'krai/ catch sight of (something distant)@desecrate@/'desikreit/ profane; violate the sanctity of@deserts@ what someone deserves@desiccate@/'desikeit/ dry up@desolate@/'deslit/ make desolate; forsake; abandon and desert@despe rado@/,desp'r:dou/ reckless, desperate outlaw@desperate@/'desprit/ having l ost all hope; despairing; reckless and violent because of loss of hope or despai r; undertaken as a last resort@despise@/dis'paiz/ look on with scorn; rega rd as worthless or distasteful; ADJ. despicable: contemptible@despoil@/dis'pil/ plunder; sack; Ex. despoil the village@despondent@/dis'pndnt/ without hope and courage; depressed; gloomy; N. despondency: loss of hope with gloom; dejection@ despot@/'despt/ tyrant; harsh, authoritarian ruler; CF. despotism@destitute@/'de stitju:t/ extremely poor; lacking means of subsistence; utterly lacking; d evoid; Ex. destitute of any experience@desultory@/'desltri/ aimless; haphaza rd; digressing at random@detached@ emotionally removed; free from emotional involvement; calm and objective; physically separate; N. detachment; CF. attach ment@detain@/di'tein/ keep waiting; prevent from leaving or going; N. detentio n@determinate@ having a fixed order of procedure; precisely defined; invariable ; fixed; conclusive; final@determination@/di,t:mi'nein/ resolve; firmness of pur pose; measurement or calculation; decision@deterrent@/di'ternt/ something that d iscourages or deters@detonation@/,detou'nein/ explosion@detraction@/di'trkn/ slandering; aspersion; detracting; CF. detractor@detrimental@/,detri'mentl/ harmful; damaging; N. detriment@deviate@ turn away from (a principle, nor m); move away from an accepted standard; swerve; depart; diverge; N. deviation; Ex. deviation of the path of light by a prism@devious@/'di:vjs/ roundabout; erra tic; deviating from the straight course; not straightforward; not completely hon est; Ex. devious route@devise@ think up; invent; plan; bequeath; N: bequest@dev

oid@/di'vid/ empty; lacking@devolve@/di'vlv/ deputize; pass or be passed to o thers (power, work, or property); Ex. devolve on/upon/to@devotee@/,devou'ti:/ enthusiastic follower; enthusiast; Ex. devotee of Bach@devout@/di'vaut/ pious; d eeply religious; sincere; earnest; Ex. my devout hope@dexterous@/'dekstrs/ skillful; skill in using hands or mind; N. dexterity@diabolical@/,dai'blik/ diabolic; devilish; fiendish@diadem@/'daidem/ crown@dialectical@/,dai'lektik/ relating to the art of debate; mutual or reciprocal; Ex. dialectical situation; N. dialectic: art of arriving at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments@ diaphanous@/dai'fns/ sheer; transparent@diatribe@/'daitraib/ bitter scolding or denunciation; invective; abuse@dichotomy@/di'ktmi/ division into two opposi te parts; split; branching into two parts (especially contradictory ones)@dictum @/'diktm/ authoritative and weighty statement (made by a judge in court); saying; maxim; CF. obiter dictum: incidental, nonbinding remark (something said in passing)@didactic@/di'dktik/ (of speech or writing) intended to teach a moral lesson; teaching; instructional; N. didacticism@die@ metal block used for sha ping metal or plastic; device for stamping or impressing; mold; CF. dice@diffide nce@/'difidns/ shyness; lack of self-confidence; timidity; ADJ. diffident@diffu se@ wordy; verbose; rambling; spread out (like a gas); V: spread out in all directions; disperse; N. diffusion; CF. suffuse@dignitary@/'dignitri/ person o f high rank or position@digression@/dai'gren/ wandering away from the subject; V. digress@dilapidated@/di'lpideitid/ falling to pieces; in a bad condition; r uined because of neglect; Ex. dilapidated old car/castle; N. dilapidation@dilate @/dai'leit/ expand; dilate on/upon: speak or write at length on (a subject)@ dilatory@/'diltri/ delaying; tending to delay@dilemma@ situation that r equires a choice between equally unfavorable options; problem; choice of two uns atisfactory alternatives@dilettante@/,dili'tnti/ aimless follower of an art or a field of knowledge (not taking it seriously); amateur; dabbler; CF. delight@dili gence@/'dilidns/ steadiness of effort; persistent hard work@dilute@/dai'lju:t/ make (a liquid) less concentrated; reduce in strength; Ex. dilute the influence of the president@diminution@/,dimi'nju:n/ lessening; reduction in size; V. diminish@din@/din/ continued loud noise; V: make a din; instill by wearying repetition@dinghy@/'digi/ small boat (often ship's boat)@dingy@/'dindi/ (of things and place) dirty and dull; Ex. dingy street/curtain@dint@/dint/ means; effort; Ex. by dint of hard work@diorama@/,dai'r:m/ life-size, three-dimensi onal scene from nature or history; three-dimensional scene with modeled figures against a painted background@dire@/'dai/ warning of disaster; disastrous; (of nee ds and dangers) very great; urgent; Ex. dire prediction/need of food@dirge@/d:d/ funeral song; slow mournful piece of music (sung over a dead person)@disabuse@/, dis'bju:z/ correct a false impression; undeceive; free from a wrong belief@ disaffected@/,dis'fektid/ disloyal; lacking loyality; V. disaffect: cause to lose affection or loyalty@disapprobation@/,disprou'bein/ disapproval; con demnation@disarray@/'dis'rei/ state of disorder; a disorderly or untidy state; Ex. with her clothes in disarray@disavowal@/'dis'vaul/ denial; disclaiming; rep udiating; disowning; V. disavow; CF. disclaim@disband@/dis'bnd/ dissolve; disper se; (of a group) break up and separate; Ex. The club has disbanded.@disbar@/dis' b:/ make (a lawyer) leave the bar or the legal profession@disburse@/dis'b:s/ pay out (as from a fund); N. disbursement; CF. purse@discernible@/di's:nbl/ distinguishable; perceivable; Ex. discernible improvement@discerning@/di's:ni/ mentally quick and observant; having insight; perceptive; able to make good judg ments; V. discern: perceive@disclaim@/dis'kleim/ disown; renounce claim t o; deny; CF. disclaimer@disclose@/dis'klouz/ reveal; N. disclosure@discombobu lated@null discomposed; confused@discomfit@/dis'kmfit/ frustrate; put t o rout; defeat; disconcert; embarrass; perturb@discompose@/,diskm'pouz/ disturb the composure of; confuse@disconcert@/,diskn's:t/ confuse; upset; embarrass; pertu rb@disconsolate@/dis'knslit/ hopelessly sad (at the loss of something)@discor d@/'disk:d/ conflict; lack of harmony; dissonance (when musical notes are pl ayed)@discordant@/dis'k:dnt/ not harmonious; conflicting@discount@/'diskaunt/ disregard; regard (a story or news) as unimportant; deduct from a cost@discourse @/dis'k:s/ serious speech, writing, or conversation; formal discussion (eit her written or spoken); conversation; V.@discredit@/dis'kredit/ defame; disgrace

; destroy confidence in; disbelieve; N. CF. discreditable: causing discredit; sh ameful@discrepancy@ lack of consistency or agreement as between facts; diffe rence; Ex. discrepancy between two descriptions@discrete@/dis'kri:t/ separate ; unconnected@discretion@/dis'kren/ prudence; ability to adjust actions to c ircumstances; freedom of action or judgment; ADJ. discreet; CF. discretionary@di scriminate@ distinguish; make distinctions on the basis of preference@discri minating@/dis'krimineiti/ able to see differences; discerning; prejudiced; N. discrimination@discursive@/dis'k:siv/ (of a person or writing) digress ing; rambling (without any clear plan)@disdain@/dis'dein/ treat with scorn or contempt@disembark@/'disim'b:k/ debark; go ashore (from a ship); unload cargo from a ship; CF. embark@disenfranchise@/'dis'frntaiz/ disfranchise; de prive of a civil right; OP. enfranchise@disengage@/'disin'geid/ uncouple; separa te; disconnect; stop fighting; OP. engage@disfigure@/dis'fig/ mar the appearan ce of; spoil@disgorge@/dis'g:d/ surrender something (stolen); eject; vomit; OP. gorge@disgruntle@null make discontented@dishearten@/dis'h:tn/ discourage@dishe veled@null untidy (of hair or clothing); V. dishevel@dishonor@ disgrace ; N. ADJ. dishonorable@disinclination@/,disinkli'nein/ unwillingness@disingenuo us@/,disin'denjus/ not naive; not candid; sophisticated; worldly wise; OP. ingenuous@disinter@/'disin't:/ dig up; unearth; OP. inter@disinterested@/dis'in tristid/ unprejudiced; free from bias and self-interest; objective@disjoi nted@/dis'dintid/ disconnected; lacking coherence; V. disjoint: disconnect; disjoi n@disjunction@/dis'dkn/ act or state of separation; disunity; CF. disjunctive: e xpressing a choice between two ideas; CF. conjunction; CF. conjunctive@dislodge@ /dis'ld/ remove (forcibly); force out of a position; Ex. dislodge the food caught in his throat; CF. lodge@dismantle@/dis'mntl/ take apart; disassemble@dismembe r@/dis'memb/ cut into small parts; cut (a body) apart limb from limb@dismiss@ /dis'mis/ eliminate from consideration; no longer consider; put out of cou rt without further hearing; reject; discharge from employment; direct to leave; ADJ. dismissive; N. dismissal@disparage@/dis'prid/ belittle@disparate@/'dis prit/ basically different; impossible to compare; unrelated@disparity@/dis'prit i/ difference; condition of inequality; OP. parity@dispassionate@/dis'pnit/ calm; impartial; not influenced by personal feelings@dispatch@ speediness; prom pt execution; message sent with all due speed; V: send to a specified destinatio n; finish promptly; kill@dispel@/dis'pel/ scatter; drive away; cause to va nish@dispense@/dis'pens/ distribute; prepare and give out (medicines); N. dispensation: dispensing; religious system; official exemption from an obligati on or a rule@disperse@ scatter; Ex. disperse the cloud/crowd@dispirited@ lacking in spirit@disport@/dis'p:t/ amuse; Ex. disport oneself; CF. divert@d isproportion@ lack of proportion (between the parts); ADJ. disproportionate@di sputatious@/,dispju:'teis/ argumentative; fond of argument@disquietude@/dis 'kwaitnis/ uneasiness; anxiety; V. disquiet: make anxious@disquisition@/,di skwi'zin/ formal systematic inquiry; explanation of the results of a forma l inquiry; long formal speech or written report@dissection@ analysis; cuttin g apart in order to examine@dissemble@/di'sembl/ disguise; hide the real nature of; pretend@disseminate@/di'semineit/ distribute; spread; scatter (lik e seeds)@dissension@/di'senn/ disagreement of opinions causing strife within a group@dissent@/di'sent/ disagree@dissertation@/,dis:'tein/ formal e ssay; treatise@dissident@/'disidnt/ dissenting (with an opinion, a group, or a government); rebellious; N.@dissimulate@/di'simjuleit/ pretend; conceal by feigning; dissemble@dissipate@/'disipeit/ squander; waste foolishly; scatt er@dissolution@/,dis'lu:n/ disintegration; reduction to a liquid form; loos eness in morals; sensual indulgence; debauchery; ADJ. dissolute: lacking in mora l restraint; leading an immoral life@dissonance@/'disnns/ discord@dissuade@/di'swe id/ persuade not to do; discourage; N. dissuasion@distant@/'distnt/ reserved or aloof; cold in manner; Ex. distant greeting; ADV. distantly@distend@/dis'ten d/ expand; swell out@distill@/dis'til/ refine (a liquid by evaporating and subsequent condensation); concentrate; separate the most important parts fro m; Ex. distill fresh water from sea water; CF. brew@distinct@/dis'tikt/ clearly different; clearly noticed@distinction@/dis'tikn/ honor; excellence; difference; c ontrast; discrimination; Ex. graduated with distinction; Ex. a writer of real di

stinction@distinctive@ clearly different from others of the same kind@distort@/ dis't:t/ twist out of shape; give a false account of; misrepresent; N. distortion @distract@/dis'trkt/ take (one's attention) off something; upset emotionally; make anxious; ADJ. distracted@distrait@/dis'trei/ absentminded; distracted @distraught@/dis'tr:t/ upset; distracted by anxiety; very anxious and troubled almost to the point of madness; Ex. distraught with grief/worry@diurnal@/dai':nl/ daily; occurring during the daytime@diva@/'di:v/ operatic singer; prima donna@div erge@ vary; go in different directions from the same point; ADJ. divergent: di ffering; deviating@diverse@/dai'v:s/ differing in some characteristics (from each other); various; N. diversity: | variety; dissimilitude; lack of resemblanc e@diversion@/dai'v:n/ act of turning aside; pastime; V. divert: turn aside fro m a course; distract; amuse@divest@/dai'vest/ strip (as of clothes); deprive ( as of rights); dispossess; N. divestiture(divestment)@divine@/di'vain/ perceive intuitively (by or as if by magic); foresee the future; foretell; dowse; ADJ. N . divination@divulge@/dai'vld/ reveal@docile@/'dousail/ obedient; easily managed; submissive@docket@/'dkit/ program as for trial; book where such en tries are made; list of things to be done; agenda; label fixed to a package list ing contents or directions; V: describe in a docket@doctrinaire@/,dktri'ne/ unable to compromise about points of doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding; marked by i nflexible attachment to a doctrine without regard to its practical difficulties@ doctrine@/'dktrin/ teachings in general; particular principle (religious, l egal, etc.) taught; dogma; tenet; ADJ. doctrinal@document@ provide written evidence (for a claim); record with documents; N.@doddering@/'ddri/ shaky; i nfirm from old age; V. dodder@doff@/df/ take off; OP. don@dogged@/'dgid/ deter ed; stubborn; stubbornly persevering; tenacious; Ex. Inspector Javert's dogged p ursuit of Jean Valjean@doggerel@/'dgrl/ poor verse@dogmatic@/dg'mtik/ opiniona ted; holding stubbornly to one's opinion; arbitrary; doctrinal@doldrums@/'dldrmz/ blues; listlessness(lack of spirit or energy); slack(inactive) period; period of stagnation; ocean area near the equator where ships cannot move because there i s no wind; Ex. in the doldrums@dolorous@/'dlrs/ sorrowful; N. dolor@dolt@/doult/ slow-thinking stupid person; CF. dull@domicile@/'dmisail/ home; V. ADJ. do miciled: having one's domicile; Ex. He is domiciled in Britain.@dominant@ exercising the most influence; high and easily seen; stronger than the other par t of a system; not recessive@dominate@/'dmineit/ control; rule; enjoy a commandin g position in; overlook from a height; @domineer@/,dmi'ni/ rule over tyrannicall on@/dn/ put on; OP. doff@doom@/du:m/ condemnation to a severe penalty; ruin; fate (esp. a tragic or ruinous one); V.@dormant@/'d:mnt/ sleeping; temporarily in active; lethargic; latent@dormer@/'d:m/ window projecting upright from roof; CF. sleeping room@dorsal@/'d:sl/ relating to the back of an animal; Ex. dorsal fi n@dossier@/'dsiei/ file of documents on a subject or person; file; CF. bund le of papers labeled on the back@dotage@/'doutid/ senility; feeblemindedne ss of old age; Ex. In one's dotage@dote@/dout/ be excessively fond of; show sig ns of mental decline@dour@/'du/ sullen; gloomy; stubborn@douse@/daus/ plunge i nto water or liquid; dip; immerse; drench; wet throughly; extinguish; throw wate r over; dowse@dowdy@/'daudi/ untidy (of a woman or clothes); slovenly; dresse d in an unattractive way; shabby; CF. unattractive woman@downcast@/'daunk:st/ disheartened; dejected; sad; directed downward@dowry@/'dauri/ money or propert y brought by a bride to her husband at marriage@dowse@/daus/ use a divining r od to search for underground water or minerals@doze@/douz/ sleep lightly; n ap@drab@/drb/ dull; lacking color; cheerless ; Ex. drab coat/life@draconian@/d rei'kounjn/ extremely severe; Ex. draconian punishment; CF. Draco: Athenian politician@draft@/drf / first rough form; conscription; draught; V: make a draft of; conscript@drama@null prose or verse composition to be performed by ac tors; play; exciting and unusual situation@drastic@null strong; violent and seve re; Ex. drastic changes/measures@draught@/dr:ft/ current of air (through a room o r to a fire); act of pulling roads; act of swallowing liquid or amount of liquid swallowed at a time@draw@/dr:/ choosing of a lot or card@dregs@ sediment in a liquid; lees; worthless residue@dribble@/'dribl/ flow or fall in drops; l et saliva flow out slowly from the mouth; move a ball; N.@drip@/drip/ fall or let fall in drops; shed drops; N: action or sound of falling in drops; liquid th

at falls in drops@drivel@/'drivl/ nonsense; foolishness; V: talk nonsense@ droll@/droul/ queer and amusing@drone@/droun/ talk dully; buzz or murmur like a bee; N.@droop@/dru:p/ bend or hang downward; become weakened; Ex. His shoulder s drooped with tiredness; N.@dross@/'drs/ waste matter; worthless impuriti es@drudge@/drd/ do drudgery; N: person who drudges@drudgery@/'drdri/ hard unp leasant work; menial work@dubious@/'dju:bjs/ questionable; (of something) cau sing doubt; (of someone) filled with doubt; N. dubiety@ductile@ malleable; pliab le; (of metals) easily pulled into shape; flexible; (of someone) easily influenc ed or controlled@dulcet@/'dlist/ sweet sounding; pleasing to the ear; melodious@d ull@/dl/ (of colors or surfaces) not bright; cloudy; overcast; boring; (of edge o r sound) not sharp; not rapid; sluggish; slow in thinking and understanding; stu pid; V.@dumbfound(dumfound)@null astonish (making dumb); ADJ. dumbfounded , dumfounded, dumbstruck@dummy@/'dmi/ imitation of a real object used as a sub stitute; effigy@dupe@/dju:p/ someone easily fooled or deceived; V: deceive@du plicity@/dju:'plisiti/ double-dealing; hypocrisy; being dishonest and deceitful ; ADJ. duplicitous@duration@/dju'rein/ length of time something lasts@duress@/d ju'res/ forcible restraint, especially unlawfully; coercion by threat; illegal c oercion; Ex. a promise made under duress@dutiful(duteous)@null (of people or th eir behavior) respectful; obedient (filled with a sense of duty)@dwindle@/'dwind / shrink; reduce gradually@dynamic@/dai'nmik/ energetic; vigorously ac tive@dynamo@/'dainmou/ generator for producing electricity; energetic person@dy s-@null abnormal; impaired@dysentery@/'disntri/ inflammatory disorder of the low er intestinal tract@dyslexia@ word blindness; learning disorder marked by impa irment of the ability to read@dyspeptic@/dis'peptik/ suffering from indigesti on; N. dyspepsia: indigestion; difficulty in digesting food@earmark@/'im:k/ set aside (money or time) for a particular purpose@earn@/:n/ gain for the per formance of service or labor; gain (something that one deserves); deserve@earthl y@/':qli/ of this earth; terrestrial; worldly; not divine; possible; Ex. no earthl y reason@earthy@/':qi/ unrefined; coarse; of earth; Ex. earthy remarks; OP. eth ereal@ebb@/eb/ (of the tide) recede; lessen; diminish; N. OP. flow: rise of tid e@ebullient@/i'bljnt/ showing excitement; overflowing with enthusiasm; boiling ; N. ebullience; N. ebullition: state of boiling@eccentric@ irregular; odd; unconventional; whimsical; bizarre; not concentric@eccentricity@ oddity; idiosyncrasy@ecclesiastic@/i,kli:zi'tik/ ecclesiastical; pertaining to the church ; N: minister; priest; cleric; clergyman@eclectic@/ek'lektik/ selective; compo sed of elements drawn from disparate sources; selecting individual elements from a variety of sources; N. eclecticism@eclipse@/i'klips/ darken; extinguish; outs hine; surpass; cause an eclipse@ecliptic@/i'kliptik/ path of the sun and the planets@ecologist@/i'kldist/ person concerned with the interrelationship betw een living organisms and their environment; person concerned with the detrimenta l effects of human civilization on the environment; CF. ecology@economy@/i:'knmi/ efficiency or conciseness in using something; thrifty management of resources@ec osystem@ ecological community together with its environment@ecstasy@/'eks tsi/ rapture; very strong feeling of joy and happiness; any overpowering emot ion; ADJ. ecstatic: causing or experiencing ecstasy@eddy@ swirling current of water, air, etc.; V.@edict@/'i:dikt/ decree (especially one issued by a sovereign); official command@edifice@/'edifis/ building (of imposing si ze)@edify@/'edifai/ instruct; correct morally@eerie@/'iri/ weird; causing f ear because strange@efface@/i'feis/ rub out; remove the surface of@effective @ effectual; producing a strong response; striking; in operation; in effec t; Ex. effective speech/photograph@effectual@/i'fektjul/ able to produce a desire d effect; valid@effectuate@/i'fektjueit/ effect; produce; achieve; Ex. ef fectuate a reconciliation@effeminate@/i'feminit/ having womanly traits@ef fervescence@/,ef'vesns/ inner excitement or exuberance; showing high spirits; em itting bubbles forming inside; bubbling from fermentation or carbonation; ADJ. e ffervescent; V. effervesce@effete@/e'fi:t/ having lost one's original power ; barren; worn out; exhausted@efficacy@/,efi'keisnis/ power to produce desired effect; ADJ. efficacious: effectual@effigy@/'efidi/ dummy; likeness of a per son made of wood, paper, or stone; Ex. burn an effigy of the President@effluvium @/e'flu:vjm/ noxious(harmful) smell@effrontery@/e'frntri/ rudeness without

any sense of shame; shameless boldness; presumptousness; nerve; cheek@effulgent @ shining brightly; brilliant@effusion@/i'fju:n/ pouring forth; unrestrai ned outpouring of feeling; V. effuse: pour out; ADJ. effusive: pouring forth; gu shing@ego@/'egou/ one's opinion of oneself; self-esteem@egoism@/'egouizm/ excessive interest in one's self; belief that one should be interested in one's self rather than in others; selfishness; ADJ. egoistic, egoistical@egotism@/'ego utizm/ tendency to speak or write of oneself excessively; conceit; self-importa nce@egotistical@/,egou'tistik/ egotistic; excessively self-centered(egocentric) ; self-important; conceited@egregious@/i'gri:ds/ notorious; conspicuously bad or shocking@egress@/'i:gres/ exit; opening for going out; act of going out; O P. ingress@ejaculation@/i'dkjulein/ exclamation; abrupt ejection (to dischar ge sperm); V. ejaculate@elaborate@/i'lbrit/ work out carefully; add more det ail or information; ADJ.@elaboration@/i,lb'rein/ addition of details; intricacy@e lastic@/i'lstik/ able to spring back into shape; quick to recover (as from disapp ointment); able to adapt to change; Ex. elastic plans; N: elastic material@elate d@/i'leitid/ filled with excited joy and pride; overjoyed; in high spirits; j oyful and proud; Ex. elated crowd; V. elate; N. elation@elegy@/'elidi/ poem or song expressing lamentation (for the dead); ADJ. elegiacal, elegiac@elevation@/, eli'vein/ elevated position; altitude; height; flat upright side of a buil ding; angle made by pointing a gun; Ex. The elevation of her style is much admir ed; Ex. front elevation of the house@elicit@/i'lisit/ draw out fact or informa tion (by discussion or from someone)@elixir@/i'liks/ cure-all; panacea; somet hing invigorating@ellipsis@/i'lipsis/ omission of words from a text; mark used to indicate an omission (when the meaning can be understood without them); PL. ellipses@elliptical@null elliptic; oval; of an ellipse; containing an ell ipsis; ambiguous either purposely or because key words have been left out@elope@ /i'loup/ run away secretly with the intention of getting married@eloquenc e@/'elkwns/ expressiveness; persuasive speech; ADJ. eloquent: movingly expre ssive; expressing ideas well so that the hearers can be influeneced@elucidate@/i 'lu:sideit/ explain; make clear; clarify; enlighten; CF. lucid@elusive@/i'lu :siv/ evasive; not frank; baffling; hard to grasp, catch, or understand; V. el ude: escape from; escape the understanding or grasp of; Ex. elude the hunter; Ex . His name eludes me.@elysian@ relating to paradise; blissful@Elysium@/i'lizim/ place or condition of bliss@emaciated@/i'meiietid/ thin and wasted (from hu nger or illness)@emanate@/'emneit/ issue forth; come out@emancipate@/i'mnsip eit/ set free; liberate@emasculate@/i'mskjulit/ weaken; castrate@embargo @/em'b:gou/ ban on commerce or other activity@embark@/em'b:k/ commence ; go on board a boat; begin a journey@embed(imbed)@null enclose; place in someth ing; fix firmly in a surrounding mass@embellish@/im'beli/ adorn; ornament; enhance as a story (by adding fictitious details)@embezzlement@/im'bezlmnt/ taking for one's own use in violation of trust; stealing (of money placed in one 's care)@embitter@/im'bit/ make bitter; fill with painful or bitter feeling s; make sad and angry; Ex. He was embittered by many disappointments.@emblazon@/ im'bleizn/ ornament richly (a shield or flag); N. emblazonment@embody@/im'bd i/ give a bodily form to; incorporate; include@emboss@/im'bs/ produce a design in raised relief; decorate with a raised design@embrace@/im'breis/ hug; clasp with the arms; adopt or espouse; accept readily; encircle; include; E x. embrace the cause/socialism; Ex. all-embracing; CF. brace; CF. bracelet@embro ider@/im'brid/ decorate with needlework; ornament (a story) with fancy or ficti tious details; embellish@embroil@/im'bril/ throw into confusion; involve in strife, dispute, or quarrel; entangle; CF. imbroglio@embryonic@/,embri'nik/ undeveloped; rudimentary; N. embryo: organism in the early stage of development@ emend@/i:'mend/ correct (usually a text); N. emendation: correction of errors; i mprovement@emetic@/i'metik/ substance causing vomiting; ADJ.@eminent@/'eminnt / rising above others; high; lofty; distinguished; Ex. eminent position@em issary@/'emisri/ agent (sent on a mission to represent another); messenger@emolli ent@/i'mlint/ soothing or softening remedy (for the skin); ADJ.@emolument@/i'ml jumnt/ salary; payment for an office; compensation@empathy@/'empqi/ ability to identify with another's feelings, ideas, etc.; identification with and unders tanding of another's feelings; V. empathize; CF. sympathy@empirical@/em'pirikl/

based on experience@emulate@/'emjuleit/ imitate; rival; try to equal or excel (t hrough imitation)@enact@/i'nkt/ make (a bill) into law@enamored@null in love; Ex. enamored of his own beauty; V. enamor: inspire with love@encipher@ encode; convert a message into code; put into cipher@encircle@/in's:kl/ surround@enclave @/'enkleiv/ territory enclosed within an alien land@encomiastic@/en,koumi'sti k/ praising; eulogistic; N. encomium: very high praise; eulogy@encompass@/i n'kmps/ surround; include; Ex. His activities encompass publishing and computers .@encroachment@/in'kroutmnt/ gradual intrusion; Ex. I resent all these encroa chments on my valuable time; V. encroach: take another's possessions or right gr adually or stealthily; intrude; Ex. encroach on/upon@encumber@/in'kmb/ burden; N. encumbrance@endear@/in'di/ make beloved; Ex. endear her to everyone; ADJ. d ear: loved; cherished; high-priced@endearment@/in'dimnt/ fond word or act; expres sion of affection@endemic@/en'demik/ prevailing among a specific group of peo ple or in a specific area or country; peculiar to a particular region or people; CF. pandemic@endorse@/in'd:s/ approve; support; write one's signature on the b ack of; N. endorsement; CF. dorsal@endue@/in'dju:/ provide with some qualit y; endow@enduring@/in'djuri/ lasting; surviving; V. endure: bear (pain or suf fering) for a long time; remain alive (in spite of difficulties); last; survive@ energize@/'endaiz/ invigorate; give energy to; make forceful and active@ene rvate@/i'n:vit/ weaken; take away energy from@enfranchise@/in'frntaiz/ admit the rights of citizenship (especially the right to vote); CF. franchise@engage@ /in'geid/ attract; employ; hire; pledge oneself; confront; fight; enter in to confliction; interlock; lock together; participate; N. engagement: agreement to marry; arrangement to meet someone or to do something; battle@engaged@/in'gei dd/ employed; busy; betrothed; involved in conflict@engaging@/in'geidi/ charming; attractive@engender@/in'dend/ cause; produce; give rise to@engross@/in 'grous/ occupy fully; absorb@engulf@/in'glf/ surround and swallow up@enhance@ /in'h:ns/ increase; make greater (as in value, reputation, or usefulness); improve@enigma@/i'nigm/ puzzle; mystery; ADJ. enigmatic: obscure; puzzling@enjoi n@/in'din/ command; order; forbid@enlist@/in'list/ (cause to) join the arme d forces; obtain (help, sympathy, or support)@enliven@/in'laivn/ make liv ely or spirited; animate@enmity@/'enmiti/ ill will; hatred; hostility@ennu i@/:'nwi:/ boredom; listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; CF. annoy@enormity@/i'n:miti/ hugeness (in a bad sense); excessive wic kedness; Ex. enormity of the crime; ADJ. enormous@enrapture@/in'rpt/ please i ntensely; fill with rapture and delight@ensconce@/in'skns/ settle comfortab ly; place comfortably (in a secure place)@ensue@/in'sju:/ follow (as a res ult)@entail@/in'teil/ make necessary; require; necessitate; involve; limit the inheritance of (property) to a specified succession of heirs; Ex. entail A on/u pon B@enterprise@ willingness to take new ventures; initiative; business o rganization; plan (that is difficult or daring); Ex. their latest enterprise to sail round the world in a small boat@enterprising@/'entpraizi/ full of initiati ve; showing enterprise@enthrall@/in'qr:l/ capture; enslave; captivate; hold the co mplete attention of (as if magic); hold spellbound@entice@/in'tais/ lure; pe rsuade to do (something wrong); attract; tempt@entity@ real being@entomology@/, ent'mldi/ study of insects@entourage@/,ntu'r:/ group of attendants; retinue; CF . surround@entrance@/'entrns/ put under a spell(condition caused by magical po wer); carry away(fill with strong feeling) with emotion; put into a trance; fill with delight@entreat@/in'tri:t/ plead; ask earnestly@entree(entr\'ee)@nu ll entrance; a way in; right to enter; main dish of a meal; Ex. entree into the exclusive circle@entrepreneur@ businessperson (who assumes the risk of a business venture); contractor; ADJ. entrepreneurial@enumerate@/i'nju:mreit/ list; mention one by one@enunciate@/i'nnsieit/ announce; proclaim; utter or spe ak, especially distinctly; pronounce clearly; articulate; Ex. This theory was fi rst enunciated by him.@environ@ enclose; surround; N. environs: surrounding area (as of a city)@eon(aeon)@null long period of time; an age; longest division of geologic time containing two or more eras@epaulet(epaulette)@null ornament worn on the shoulder (of a uniform, etc.)@ephemeral@/i'femrl/ short-lived; fle eting@epic@/'epik/ long heroic poem, novel, or similar work of art (celebra ting the feats of a hero); ADJ: (of stories or events) resembling an epic; grand

@epicure@/'epikju/ connoisseur of food and drink; gourmet; ADJ. epicurean; CF. Epicurus@epicurean@/,epikju'ri:n/ believing that pleasure is good and suff ering is bad and should be avoided; N.@epigram@/'epigrm/ witty thought or saying, usually short@epilogue@/'epilg/ short speech at conclusion of dramatic work@epis odic@/,epi'sdik / (of a story or play) loosely connected; made up of separ ate and loosely connected parts; N. episode: incident in the course of an experi ence@epistemologist@ philosopher who studies the nature of knowledge; N. epis temology@epitaph@/'epit:f/ inscription in memory of a dead person (as on a tombstone)@epithet@/'epiqet/ word or phrase characteristically used to descri be a person or thing; descriptive phrase to characterize a person (often contemp tous)@epitome@/i'pitmi/ perfect example or embodiment; brief summary; Ex. epitom e of good manners; V. epitomize: make an epitome of; be an epitome of; embody@ep och@/'i:pk/ period of time@equable@/'ekwbl/ tranquil; of even calm temper; ( of temperature) steady; uniform@equanimity@/'i:kw'nimiti/ calmness of temp erament; composure@equestrian@/i,kwestrin/ rider on horseback; ADJ.@equilib rium@ balance of opposing forces; balance of the mind; equanimity@equine@/i'kw ein/ resembling a horse; Ex. equine face@equinox@ period of equal days and nights; the beginning of spring and autumn; Ex. vernal/autumnal equinox; ADJ. e quinoctial@equipoise@/'ekwipiz/ balance; balancing force; equilibrium@equitable@ /'ekwitbl / fair; impartial; OP. inequitable@equity@ fairness; justic e; OP. inequity@equivocal@/i'kwivkl/ (of words or statements) ambiguous; inte ntionally misleading; (of behavior) questionable; OP. unequivocal@equivocate@ use equivocal language to deceive people; lie; mislead; attempt to conceal the t ruth; N. equivocation@erode@/i'roud/ eat away; wear away gradually by abrasio n; Ex. The sea erodes the rocks.@erotic@/i'rtik/ pertaining to passionate love or sexual love@errant@/'ernt/ wandering (esp. in search of adventure); strayin g from proper moral standards; Ex. knight-errant@erratic@/i'rtik/ odd; irr egular in movement or behavior; unpredictable@erroneous@/i'rounjs/ mistaken ; wrong; incorrect@erudite@/'eru:dait/ (of a person or book) learned; full of l earning; scholarly; N. erudition@escapade@/,esk'peid/ prank; flighty conduct; reckless adventure that disobeys rules@eschew@/is'tu:/ avoid habitually; Ex. es chew alcoholic drinks@esoteric@/,esou'terik/ hard to understand; known only t o the chosen few, esp. initiates; N. esoterica@espionage@ spying@espouse@/ is'pauz/ adopt; support (an idea or aim); marry; N. espousal@esteem@/is't i:m/ respect; value; judge; N.@estimable@/'estimbl/ (of a person) worthy of esteem; admirable; deserving esteem; possible to estimate@estranged@null separated; alienated; V. estrange: alienate (people in a family); N. estrangemen t@ethereal@/i:'qiril/ like a spirit or fairy; unearthly light; heavenly; unusu ally refined; Ex. She has an ethereal beauty; CF. ether: upper air@ethnic@/'eqnik/ relating to races@ethnology@/eq'nldi/ study of humankind; study of the differe nt races of human beings; CF. anthropology@ethos@/'i:qs/ underlying character of a culture, group, etc.; character or ideas peculiar to a specific person, group, or culture; Ex. the company ethos@etymology@/,eti'mldi/ study of word parts; stu dy of the origins of words@eugenic@/ju:'denik/ pertaining to the improvement of race; N. eugenics: study of hereditary improvement of the human race@eulogistic @/,ju:l'distik/ praising; full of eulogy@eulogy@/'ju:ldi/ expression of praise, ten on the occasion of someone's death; V. eulogize@euphemism@/ju:'fimizm/ mild expression in place of an unpleasant one; ADJ. euphemistic@euphony@/'ju:fni/ sweet sound; ADJ. euphonious@euphoria@/ju:'f:bi/ feeling of exaggerated or unfoun ded(ungrounded; baseless) well-being; feeling of great happiness or well-being ( when unreasonable); ADJ. euphoriaric@euthanasia@/,ju:q'neizj/ mercy killing@ev anescent@/,i:v'nesnt/ fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing; V. evanesce@evas ive@/i'veisiv/ not frank; trying to hide the truth; eluding; evading; V. evade: avoid (a duty or responsibility) or escape from by deceit@evenhanded@/'i:vn'hndid / impartial; fair@eventual@/i'ventjul/ happening at last as a result; E x. eventual victory@evince@/i'vins/ show clearly@evocative@/i'vktiv/ tending to call up (emotions, memories)@evoke@/i'vouk/ call forth (memory or feeling); Ex. That old film evoked memories of my childhood; N. evocation@ewe@/'ju:/ female sheep@exacerbate@/eks's:beit/ worsen; aggravate; embitter@exact@ demand and obtain by force; Ex. exact a promise from him; N. exaction@exacting@/

ig'zkti/ extremely demanding; Ex. exacting standard of safety@exalt@/ig'z:lt/ raise in rank or dignity; praise highly; inspire; Ex. exalt the imagination; ADJ . exalted; N. exaltation@exasperate@/ig'z:spreit/ vex; annoy or make angry (by tes ting the patience)@except@/ik'sept/ exclude; N. exception: objection; exclus ion; ADJ. exceptional: unusual; of unusually high quality@exceptionable@/ik'sepnbl / objectionable; likely to cause dislike; offensive; CF. unexceptionable: entirely acceptable@excerpt@/'eks:pt/ selected passage (written or musical) ta ken from a longer work; V.@exchequer@ treasury; Ex. Chancellor of the excheque r@excise@/ek'saiz/ cut away; cut out; N: government tax on good produced an d used inside a country; N. excision@exclaim@/iks'kleim/ cry out suddenly ; N. exclamation; ADJ. exclamatory@excoriate@/eks'k:rieit/ scold with bitin g harshness; censure strongly; strip the skin off@exculpate@/'eksklpeit/ clear fr om blame or guilt@execrable@/'eksikrbl/ very bad; detestable@execrate@/'eksikrei t/ curse; express abhorrence for; detest@execute@/'eksikju:t/ put into effect; carry out; kill as a lawful punishment; N. execution@executioner@/,eksi 'kju:n/ person administering capital punishment@executive@/ig'zekjutiv/ person h aving administrative authority; one branch of government executing laws; ADJ: re lating to executing@executor@/ig'zekjut/ person designated to execute the terms o f a will;@exegesis@/,eksi'di:sis/ explanation, especially of biblical(of t he bible) passages@exemplary@/ig'zemplri/ serving as a model; outstanding; Ex. exemplary punishment/behavior; N. exemplar: typical example; model@exemplif y@ show by example; furnish an example; serve as an example of; Ex. His pic tures exemplify that sort of painting.@exempt@/ig'zempt/ not subject to a duty or obligation; free from a duty; V.@exertion@/ig'z:n/ effort; expendit ure of much physical work; V. exert oneself: make a great effort@exhale@/eks'hei l/ breathe out; OP. inhale@exhilarating@/ig'zilrnt/ invigorating and refresh ing; cheering; V. exhilarate: make cheerful and excited; Ex. exhilarated by the ride in the sports car@exhort@/ig'z:t/ urge (by strong argument or advice); Ex. The general exhorted his men to fight bravely; N. exhortation@exhume@/eks'hju:m / dig out of the ground; remove from a grave@exigency@/'eksidns/ urgent s ituation; ADJ. exigent@exiguous@/eg'zigjus/ small in amount; minute@existent ial@/,egzis'tenl/ pertaining to existence; pertaining to the philosophy of existen tialism@exodus@/'eksds/ departure (of a large number of people)@exonerate@/ig'znre it/ acquit; exculpate; free from blame or guilt@exorbitant@/ig'z:bitnt/ (of costs or demands) excessive; exceeding reasonable bounds@exorcise@ drive ou t evil spirits@exotic@/eg'ztik/ not native; from another part of the world; stra nge; intriguingly unusual; Ex. exotic flower/dress@expansive@/iks'pnsiv/ (of a pe rson) outgoing and sociable; broad and extensive; able to increase in size@expat iate@/eks'peiieit/ talk at length; speak or write in detail@expatriate@/eks 'ptriit - eks'ptrieit/ exile; someone who has withdrawn from his native land; V : exile; banish; leave one's country@expedient@/iks'pi:djnt/ suitable (for a particular purpose although not necessarily morally correct); practical; politic (prudent); N: something expedient@expedite@/'ekspidait/ hasten; make go faster@e xpeditious@/,ekspi'dis / done with speed; quick; N. expedition@expenditure@ payment or expense; expending; something expended; output; Ex. receipt for the e xpenditure; Ex. expenditure of all the energy@expertise@/,eksp'ti:z/ speciali zed knowledge (in a particular field); expert skill@expiate@/'ekspieit/ make ame nds for (a sin)@expletive@/eks'pli:tiv/ meaningless word; interjection; profane oath; swear-word@explicate@/'eksplikeit/ explain in detail; interpret; cl arify; CF. explicable@explicit@// totally clear; definite; outspoken@explo it@ make use of, sometimes unjustly; N. exploitation@expos\'e@null public r evelation of something discreditable@expository@/eks'pzitiv/ explanatory; ser ving to explain; N. exposition: explaining; exhibition@expostulation@/iks,pstju'l ein/ protest; remonstrance; reasoning with someone to correct or dissuade; V. expostulate@exposure@ risk, particularly of being exposed to disease or to the elements; unmasking; act of laying something open; Ex. exposure of governmental corruption@expound@/iks'paund/ explain@expropriate@/eks'prouprieit/ take pos session of (often for public use and without payment)@expunge@/eks'pnd/ cancel; remove a word or name (from a book or list); erase@expurgate@/'eksp:geit/ clean; remove offensive parts of a book@exquisite@/'ekskwizit/ delicate; very f

inely made; extremely beautiful; Ex. exquisite piece of jewelry@extant@/eks'tnt/ (of something written or painted) still in existence@extemporaneous@/eks,temp'rei njs/ not planned; impromptu; extempore@extenuate@/eks'tenjueit/ weaken; mitigate; lessen the seriousness of (bad behavior)@extirpate@/'ekst:peit/ root up; uproot; destroy completely@extol@/iks'tl/ praise very highly; glor ify@extort@/iks't:t/ wring from; get money by threats, etc.; obtain by force or threats; CF. extortionate: exorbitant@extradition@/,ekstr'din/ surrender of pri soner by one state to another; Ex. extradition treaty; V. extradite@extraneous@ not essential; irrelevant; superfluous; external; coming from the outside; Ex. e xtraneous details/noise/to the subject@extrapolation@/,ekstrp'lein/ projecti on; conjecture; V. extrapolate: infer (unknown information) from known informati on@extricate@/'ekstrikbl/ free from an entanglement or difficulty; disenta ngle@extrinsic@/eks'trinsik/ external; not essential or inherent; extraneous; OP. intrinsic@extrovert@ person interested mostly in external objects and actions@extrude@/eks'tru:d/ force or push out; thrust out; shape (plastic or metal) by forcing through a die@exuberance@/ig'zju:brns/ overflowing abundance; j oyful enthusiasm; flamboyance; lavishness; ADJ. exuberant: high-spirited and liv ely; growing abundantly and strongly@exude@/ig'zju:d/ flow out slowly; dischar ge (gradually); give forth; N. exudation@exult@/ig'zlt/ rejoice@fabricate@ build; lie; make up (a story) in order to deceive; Ex. fabricate the whole story ; CF. fabric: underlying structure; Ex. fabric of society@facade(fa\c{c}ade)@nul l front or face (of building); superficial or false appearance@facet@/'fsit / small plane surface (of a gem(precious stone)); a side@facetious@/f:si:s/ joking (often inappropriately); unserious; humorous@facile@ easily accomplis hed; ready or fluent; superficial; not deep; Ex. facile solution to a complex pr oblem; Ex. facile speaker; N. facility: ability to do something easily and well; ease in doing resulting from skill or aptitude; something that facil@facilitate @/f'siliteit/ help bring about; make less difficult@facsimile@/fk'simili/ copy@faction@/'fkn/ party; clique (within a large group); dissension@factiou s@/fk'tis/ inclined to form factions; causing dissension@factitious@/fk'tis/ artif al; produced artificially; sham; false; Ex. factitious tears@factotum@/fk'toutm/ handyman; person who does all kinds of work; CF. do everything@faculty@/'fklti/ mental or bodily powers; teaching staff@fake@/feik/ not genuine; N: one that is not genuine; impostor; sham; V: counterfeit; Ex. fake the results of the exp eriment/the signature@fallacious@/f'leis/ false; based on a fallacy; misleading; N . fallacy: false idea or notion; false reasoning; Ex. popular fallacy; Ex. falla cy of the argument@fallible@/'flbl/ liable to err@fallow@/'flou/ (of land ) plowed but not sowed (to improve the quality); uncultivated@falsify@/'f:lsifai/ make (something written) false by changing@falter@/'f:lt/ hesitate; weaken in purp ose or action; walk or move unsteadily through weakness; N.@fanaticism@/f'ntisizm/ excessive zeal; extreme devotion to a belief or cause; N. fanatic; ADJ. fanatic@ fancied@null imagined; unreal@fancier@/'fnsi/ breeder or dealer of animals; on e who has a special interest, as for raising specific plant or animal@fanciful@/ 'fnsiful/ whimsical; visionary; imaginary; produced by imagination; Ex. fa nciful scheme@fancy@/'fnsi/ imagination (of a whimsical or fantastic nature) ; capricious liking; V: imagine; be fond of; ADJ. decorative; elaborate@fanfare@ /'fnfe/ call by bugles or trumpets; showy display; spectacular public display@fa rce@/f:s/ broad comedy; mockery; humorous play full of silly things happen ing; ADJ. farcical@far-fetched@null too improbable to be believed; implausib le; Ex. far-fetched story@fashion@/'fn/ give shape to; make; Ex. fashion the pot out of clay@fastidious@/fs'tidis/ difficult to please; squeamish; fussy; f inicky@fatalism@/'feitlizm/ belief that events are determined by forces or f ates beyond one's control; ADJ. fatalistic; CF. fatal: causing death@fathom@/'fm/ comprehend; investigate; determine the depth of; N. unit of measurement for the depth of water@fathomless@/'fqmlis/ too deep to be measured or understood; unfathoma ble@fatuous@/'ftjus/ smugly and unconsciously foolish; inane; silly; N. fatui ty, fatuousness@fauna@/f:n/ animals of a period or region; CF. flora@favorit ism@/'feivritizm/ display of partiality toward a favored person@fawning@/' f:ni/ courting favor by cringing and flattering; V. fawn: exhibit affection as a dog; seek favor or attention by obsequiousness@faze@/feiz/ disconcert; dism

ay; embarrass@feasible@/'fi:zbl/ practical; able to be carried out; practicable@f eature@ distinctive part of the faces (as the eyes or mouth); features: overall appearance of the face; prominent or distinctive quality; prominent article; fil m; V: make prominent@febrile@/'fi:brail/ feverish@fecundity@/fi'knditi/ fertility; fruitfulness; ADJ. fecund: very productive of crops or young@feeblemi nded@/'fi:bl'maindid/ deficient in intelligence; very stupid@feign@/fein/ pretend@feint@/feint/ trick; shift; sham blow; feigned attack to draw away def ensive action; V.@felicitous@/fi'lisits/ (of a word or remark) apt; suitably expr essed; well chosen@felicity@/fi'lisiti/ happiness; appropriateness (of a remark, choice, etc.); quality of being felicitous@feline@/'fi:lain/ of a member of t he cat family; N.@fell@/fel/ cut or knock down (a tree or a person); bring do wn (with a missile)@felon@/'feln/ person convicted of a grave crime; CF. f elony: serious crime@feral@/'firl/ (of an animal) not domestic; wild@fermen t@/'f:ment/ agitation; commotion(noisy and excited activity); unrest (of a p olitical kind); V. produce by fermentation; undergo fermentation; cause (a state of trouble)@fermentation@/,f:men'tein/ chemical reaction that splits complex or ganic compounds; unrest; agitation@ferocious@/f'rous/ fierce; violent; N. fero city@ferret@/'ferit/ drive or hunt out of hiding; hunt with ferrets; drive ou t (as from a hiding place); expel; uncover or discover by searching; Ex. ferret out the secret; N. small fierce animal which catches rats and rabbits by going i nto their holes@fertile@/'f:tail/ producing many young, fruits, or seeds; (of land) producing good crops; V. fertilize@fervent@/'f:vnt/ ardent; zealous; hot@fervid@/'f:vid/ ardent; zealous; hot@fervor@/'f:v/ glowing ardor; i ntensity of feeling; quality of being fervent or fervid; zeal; intense heat@fest er@/'fest/ rankle; produce irritation or resentment; (of a cut or wound) ge nerate pus or rot; Ex. His insult festered in my mind for days.@festive@/'festiv / joyous; celebratory; relating to a feast or festival@fete(f\^ete)@null honor at a festival; celebrate or honor with a feast; N. (outdoor) festival or f east; CF. feast@fetid(foetid)@null malodorous; foul@fetish(fetich)@null object believed to have spiritual powers; object of excessive attention or rever ence; CF. fetishism@fetter@/'fet/ shackle; restrict the freedom of; N. cha in or shackle for the foot of a prisoner; CF. foot@feud@/fju:d/ bitter prolonged quarrel (usually between two peoples or families); V. CF. Romeo and Juliet; CF. feudal, feudalism@fiasco@/fi'skou/ total failure; CF. bottle@fiat@/'fait/ command; arbitrary order; Ex. presidential fiat; CF. let it be done@fickle@/'fik l/ changeable (in affections or friendship); faithless@fictitious@/fik'tis/ imaginary; non-existent; purposely invented to deceive; untrue; Ex. fictitious n ame/boyfriend; CF. fictional@fidelity@ loyalty; accuracy@fiend@/fi:nd/ evil spi rit; devil@figment@/'figmnt/ invention; something invented; imaginary thing; Ex. figment of your imagination@figurative@/'figjurtiv/ not literal but metaphor ical; using a figure(impression) of speech@figure@ written symbols; number; amount represented in numbers; outline or silhouette of a thing or human body; person (well-known); impression; diagram; pattern; group in a dance; Ex. figure of speech; V. calculate with numbers; adorn with figures; app@figurine@/'figjuri :n/ small ornamental statuette(very small statue)@filch@/filt/ steal (t hings of small value)@filial@/'filjl/ pertaining to or befitting a son or daug hter; Ex. filial respect@filibuster@/'filibst/ block legislation or prevent act ion in a lawmaking body by making very slow long speeches; N; freebooter@filigre e@/'filigri:/ delicate ornamental lacelike metalwork@filing@ particle removed by a file@filth@/filq/ dirty matter; ADJ. filthy@finale@/fi'n:li/ conclusi on; concluding part@finery@/fi'nes/ beautiful clothes for a special occasion @finesse@/fi'nes/ delicate skill; V: handle with finesse@finicky@/'fainikl/ too particular; fussy; difficult to please; too concerned with unimportant detai ls or quality; Ex. finicky about her food@finish@ surface texture; complet eness of execution@finished@/'finit/ properly made and complete; Ex. finished product/performance@finite@ limited@firebrand@/'faibrnd/ piece of burning wood; hothead; troublemaker; person who stirs up trouble@fissure@/'fi/ crevice; crack@fit@/fit/ sudden outburst of an illness or feeling; convulsion cau sed by epilepsy@fitful@/'fitful/ spasmodic; intermittent; irregular@flacc id@/'flksid/ flabby; lacking firmness; weak; Ex. flaccid muscles@flag@

droop; grow feeble; decline in vigor or strength; ADJ. flagging; CF. unflagging@ flagrant@/'fleigrnt/ conspicuously wicked, bad, or offensive; blatant; outrag eous@flail@/fleil/ beat with or as if with a flail; move wildly; thresh gra in by hand; strike or slap; toss about; N: threshing tool consisting of a stick swinging from the end of a long handle@flair@/fle/ talent@flamboyant@/flm'bint / ornate; highly elaborate; richly colored; ostentatious; showy; CF. flame @flashy@/'fli/ showy; gaudy; giving a momentary brilliance@flaunt@/fl:nt/ display ostentatiously; Ex. ``Honey, if you've got it, flaunt it !''@flay@/flei/ strip off skin; plunder; remove the skin from; criticize harshly@fleck@/fleck/ spot; mark with flecks; N: small mark or spot@fledgling(fledgeling)@null inexperienced; N: young bird that has acquired wing feathers and is learning to fly; inexperienced person@fleece@/fleece/ wool coat of a sheep; V: shear t he fleece from; rob by a trick; swindle; plunder@fleet@/fleet/ fast; rapid; N. ADJ. fleeting: passing quickly; ephemeral@flick@/flick/ light stroke as with a w hip; V: move with a light quick blow; strike with a light quick blow (as from a whip); Ex. flick the switch@flicker@/flicker/ burn unsteadily or fitfully; mov e waveringly; N: flickering movement or light; brief sensation; Ex. flicker of e xcitement@flighty@/flighty/ (esp. of a woman's behavior) capricious; often c hanging, esp. from one lover to another; impulsive@flinch@/flinch/ hesitate ; shrink back (in fear of something unpleasant); Ex. She did not flinch in the f ace of danger.@flip@/flip/ send (something) spinning, often into the air, b y striking with a light quick blow; turn over; Ex. flip over@flippant@/flippant/ lacking proper seriousness; Ex. flippant remarks about death; N. flippancy@flirt @/flirt/ behave in a way that attracts (sexual) attention; deal triflingl y with; N: one (or woman) given to flirting; ADJ. flirtatious@flit@/flit/ fly; fly or move lightly or quickly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by; Ex. a bee fl itting from flower to flower@floe@/floe/ flat mass of floating ice@flora@ /flora/ plants of a region or era@florescence@/florescence/ condition or per iod of flowering@florid@/florid/ ruddy; (of a complexion) reddish; flower y; very ornate; CF. rose@flotsam@/flotsam/ drifting wreckage@flounder@/flou nder/ struggle and thrash about; proceed clumsily or falter (as in water, mud, snow, etc.); proceed in confusion@flourish@/flourish/ grow well; prosper; make sweeping gestures; wave; brandish; Ex. The trees flourished in the sun. N: show y movement or gesture; embellishment or ornamentation (esp. in handwriting)@flou t@/flout/ reject; mock; show contempt for; scorn; Ex. flout the rules@flow ery@/flowery/ full of flowers; full of ornate expressions@fluctuate@ waver; s hift; rise and fall as if in waves; change or vary irregularly@fluency@/fluency/ smoothness of speech; ADJ. fluent@fluke@/fluke/ unlikely occurrence; stroke of f ortune; accidental stroke of good luck; ADJ. fluky@flush@/flush/ redden; blush; flow suddenly and abundantly; wash out by a rapid brief flow of water; N: reddish tinge; blush; brief rush; rush of strong feeling; Ex. flush of pride; A DJ: having surfaces in the same plane; even; blushing@fluster@/fluster/ confuse; make nervous and confused; N.@fluted@ having vertical parallel grooves (as in a pillar); V. flute: make long parallel inward curves in; N. flute: long rounded groove incised on the shaft of a column@flutter@ (of a bird with large wi ngs) wave (the wings) lightly, rapidly, and irregularly; vibrate rapidly or erra tically; fly by waving quickly; flitter; N.@flux@ flowing; series of chang es; fluctuation; Ex. in a state of flux@fodder@/'fd/ coarse food for cattle, horses, etc.; feed for livestock; CF. food@foible@/'fibl/ small weakness o f character; slight fault; CF. feeble@foil@/fil/ defeat; frustrate; prevent from being successful; thwart; CF. fail@foist@/fist/ insert improperly; impose upon a nother by coercion; palm off; pass off as genuine or worthy; CF. fist@foliage@/' fouliid/ masses of leaves; CF. defoliate@foment@/fou'ment/ stir up; incite; instigate; promote the growth of (something evil or unpleasant)@foolhardy@/'lu: l,h:di/ rash; reckless; foolishly daring@foppish@/'fpi/ vain about dress and earance; N. fop: man who takes too much interest in his clothes and appearance@f oray@/'frei/ raid; sudden raid or military advance; V.@forbearance@/'f:'berns/ patience; forgiveness; V. forbear: refrain from (in a generous and forgiving way ); be patient; Ex. forbear to send him to prison@ford@/f:d/ place where a ri ver can be crossed on foot; V.@forebears(forbears)@null ancestors@foreboding@/f:'

boudi/ premonition of evil; feeling of coming evil; V. forebode: be a warning o f (something unpleasant)@forensic@ suitable to debate or courts of law; of or used in legal proceedings and the tracking of criminals; Ex. forensic science /medicine@forerunner@ predecessor; one that comes before and indicates the app roach of another@foreshadow@/f:'dou/ give an indication beforehand; be a sign of (what is coming); portend; prefigure@foresight@/'f:sait/ ability to fores ee future happenings; prudence in providing for the future@forestall@/f:'st:l/ prevent by taking action in advance@forfeit@/'f:fit/ something surrendered as punishment for a crime or breach of contract; V: lose as a forfeit; N. forfeitu re@forge@/f:d/ counterfeit; reproduce fraudulently; form by heating in a forge and hammering into shape; move with a sudden increase of speed or power; Ex. for ged ahead in the last two years; N: furnace where metals are heated@forgo(forego )@null give up; do without@forlorn@/f'l:n/ sad and lonely; wretched; desola te@formality@/f:'mliti/ ceremonious quality; ceremonious adherence to rules; som ething done just for form's sake; Ex. mere formality@formidable@/'f:midbl/ menacing; arousing fear; threatening; difficult to defeat; Ex. formidable foe/qu estion@forsake@/f'seik/ desert; abandon; renounce@forswear@/f:'swe/ renounce under oath; abandon; make a solemn promise to give up; CF. abjure@forte@/'f:ti/ strong point or special talent in a person's character@forthcoming@/f:q'kmi/ happenin g in the near future; ready; willing to help; Ex. No answer was forthcoming.@for thright@/'f:qrait/ straightforward; direct; frank@fortitude@/'f:titju:d/ bravery; courage; strength of mind@fortuitous@ accidental; by chance; N. fortuity@forum @/'f:rm/ public square of an ancient Roman city; public place for open discussion ; court of law@forward@ presumptuous or bold@foster@/'fst/ rear; bring up ( for a certain period only); encourage; promote the development of (feelings or i deas); Ex. help foster friendly relations; ADJ: giving parental care although no t related by blood; Ex. foster parents@foul@/faul/ very bad or disagreeable ; very dirty; Ex. foul smell/flavor/temper/language/air/deed/weather/means; N. a ct against the rules; V. make or become foul; commit a foul@founder@/'faund/ person who establishes (an organization or business)@fracas@/'frk:/ brawl(no isy quarrel or fight) in which a number of people take part; melee@fractious@/'f rks/ unruly; peevish; cranky; bad-tempered; Ex. fractious horse@frail@/freil/ weak; N. frailty@franchise@/'frntaiz/ right or privilege granted by authority; right to vote; license to sell a product in a particular territory@frantic@/'frti k/ wild; distraught as from fear or worry; Ex. frantic with fear@fraudulent @/'fr:djulnt/ cheating; deceitful; Ex. fraudulent means; N. fraud: deception; swindle@fraught@/fr:t/ filled (with something unpleasant); full; Ex. fraught wi th danger and difficulties; CF. freight@fray@/frei/ brawl; fight; V: wear aw ay or unravel by rubbing; have loose threads developing; cause to become worn ou t (a person's temper or nerves); CF. rub@freebooter@/'fri:,bu:t/ pirate or plunde rer who makes war in order to grow rich@frenetic(phrenetic)@null frenzied ; frantic@frenzied@ madly excited; N. frenzy: violent wild excitement@fresco @/'freskou/ painting on wet plaster (usually fresh)@fret@/fret/ be annoy ed or vexed; Ex. fret over your poor grades; N: irritation of mind; ADJ. fretful @friction@/'frikn/ clash or conflict in opinion; rubbing against@frieze@/fr i:z/ ornamental horizontal band on a wall@frigid@/'fridid/ intensely cold; cold in manner; Ex. frigid zone@fringe@/frind/ decorative edge of hanging threa ds; edge@frisk@/frisk/ move about playfully; froric; ADJ. frisky: playful@fritt er@/'frit/ waste (time or money on unimportant things)@frivolous@/'frivls/ lacking in seriousness; flippant; self-indulgently carefree; unworthy of serious attention; relatively unimportant; trivial@frock@/frk/ long loose garment (worn by monks)@frolic@/'frlik/ play and jump about happily; frisk; Ex. frolicki ng young lambs@frolicsome@/'frliki/ prankish; gay; playful; merry; frisky@fr ond@/frnd/ fern leaf; palm or banana leaf@fructify@/'frktifai/ bear fru it; produce fruit@frugality@/'fru:gliti/ thrift; economy; ADJ. frugal: practicing economy; costing little; inexpensive@fruitful@/'fru:tful/ producing result s; profitable; prolific; producing in abundance@fruition@/fru:'in/ bearing of fruit; fulfillment; realization; Ex. come to/be brought to fruition@frustrate @/frs'treit/ thwart; defeat; prevent from accomplishing a purpose@fuddle@/'fdl / make stupid or confused as with alcholic drink; N. in a fuddle: confused

@fugitive@/'fju:ditiv/ fleeting or transitory; lasting only a short time; rovin g(wandering); running away or fleeing as from the law; N: one who flees; Ex. fug itives at large@fulcrum@/'flkrm/ support on which a lever rests or pivots@fulmina te@/'flmineit/ thunder; explode; issue a severe denunciation@fulsome@/'fulsm/ disgustingly excessive; offensively flattering; Ex. fulsome praise/expressions o f admire@fumble@/'fmbl/ move the fingers and hands awkwardly (in search of somet hing); mishandle or drop a ball that is in play; bungle; botch; spoil by mishand ling; N.@functional@ made for practical use only (without decoration); functi oning; Ex. functional modern furniture; CF. functionalism@functionary@/'fknri/ official (who performs a particular function)@fundamental@/,fnd'mentl/ basic; p rimary; essential@funereal@/fju:'niril/ sad; solemn; suitable for a funeral@furo r@null frenzy; great anger and excitement; CF. fury@furrow@/'frou/ long sha llow trench made by a plow; deep wrinkle in the skin; V.@furtive@/'f:tiv/ stealthy; quiet and secret (trying to escape notice); sneaky; Ex. furtive glance @fusillade@/'fju:zi'leid/ simultaneous firing or outburst (of missiles, qu estions, etc.)@fusion@ union; coalition; V. fuse@fuss@/fs/ trouble or worry over trifles; make nervous; pay too much attention to; N: needless concern or w orry (about a trivial thing); anxious nervous condition; display of attention; E x. make a fuss over the baby@fussy@/'fsi/ fastidious; finicky; easily upse t@futile@/'fju:tail/ useless; hopeless; ineffectual@gadfly@/'gdflai/ animal-b iting fly; irritating person@gaffe@/gf/ social blunder@gainsay@/gein'sei/ deny@gait@/geit/ manner of walking or running; speed@galaxy@/'glksi/ large isolated system of stars, such as the Milky Way; collection of brilliant p ersonalities@gale@/geil/ windstorm; gust of wind; emotional outburst (lau ghters, tears); Ex. gale of laughter@gall@/g:l/ annoy; exasperate; chafe; N: ski n sore caused by rubbing (as on the skin of a horse); exasperation@galleon@/'glin/ large three-masted sailing ship@galley@/'gli/ low ship with sails (rowed along by slaves)@gallows@/'glouz/ framework from which a noose is suspended (used for execution by hanging)@galvanic@/gl'vnik/ of the production of electricity by the action of an acid on a metal; having the effect of an electric shock; Ex . galvanic cell; galvanic effect; CF. Luigi Galvani@galvanize@/'glvnaiz/ stimulat e or shock by an electric current; stimulate by shock; shock into action; stir u p; coat with rust-resistant zinc by using electricity@gambit@/'gmbit/ opening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed; action made to produce a future advanta ge@gambol@/'gmbl/ romp; skip about; leap about playfully; frolic; N.@gamely@ in a spirited manner; with courage; Ex. fight gamely against a superior boxer; A DJ. game@gamut@/'gmt/ entire range@gangrene@/'ggri:n/ decay of body tissue cau sed by insufficient blood supply (usually following injury); ADJ. gangrenous@gap e@/geip/ open widely; open the mouth wide; stare wonderingly with the mou th open; CF. agape@garbled@null mixed up; jumbled; distorted; V. garble: mix up or distort (a message) to such an extent as to make misleading or unintelligible @gargantuan@/g:'gntjun/ huge; enormous; gigantic; CF. the hero of Gargantua and Pantagruel@gargoyle@/'g:gil/ waterspout carved in grotesque figures on a buil ding@garish@/'geri/ overbright in color; unpleasantly bright; gaudy@garner@/ 'g:n/ gather; store up; amass@garnish@/'g:ni/ decorate; add a garnish to; deco rate (food or drink) with small items such as lemon slices; N.@garrulous@/'gruls/ loquacious; wordy; talkative; N. garrulity@gastronomy@/gs'trnmi/ art and science of preparing and serving good food; CF. gastronome@gauche@/gou/ clumsy (in socia l behavior); coarse and uncouth@gaudy@/'g:di/ flashy; showy@gaunt@/g:nt/ lean and angular; thin and bony; emaciated; barren@gavel@/'gvl/ hammerlike tool; mallet(wooden hammer) used by a presiding officer or an auctioneer; V.@gawk@/g:k / stare foolishly; look in open-mouthed awe@gazette@/g'zet/ official periodical publication; newspaper@genealogy@/,di:ni'ldi/ record of descent; linea ge; ancestry; study of ancestry@generality@/,den'rliti/ vague statement; general statement which is not detailed; quality of being general; greater part; most; Ex. generality of people@generate@ cause; produce; create@generic@/di'nerik/ characteristic of an entire class or species; of a genus@genesis@/'denisis/ beginning; origin@geniality@/,di:ni'liti/ cheerfulness; kindliness; sympathy; ADJ. genial: cheerful and good-tempered@genre@/:r/ particular variety of art or lit erature@genteel@/den'ti:l/ well-bred; elegant; striving to convey an appear

ance of refinement; Ex. genteel poverty@gentility@/den'tiliti/ those of gentle birth; high social class; refinement; quality of being genteel@gentle@/'dentl/ kindly; soft; mild; of good family@gentry@/'dentri/ people of standing(rank or position); people of good family or high social position; class of people jus t below nobility@genuflect@/'denju:flekt/ bend the knee as in worship@genu s@ division of animals or plants, below a family and above a species@geriat rics@/,deri'triks/ medical treatment and care of old age@germ@ earliest form of an organism; seed or bud; something that may develop into something lar ger or more important; microbe@germane@ pertinent; bearing upon(having connectio n with) the case at hand; appropriate@germinal@/'d:minl/ pertaining to a germ; cr eative; Ex. germinal idea@germinate@/'d:mineit/ cause to sprout; sprout@gerontoc racy@/,dern'tldi/ government ruled by old people@gerontology@/de'ritri/ study of the sociological phenomena associated with old age@gerrymander@/'derimnd/ change v oting district lines in order to favor a political party; N. CF. Elbridge Gerry + (sala)mander@gestate@ evolve as in prenatal growth; N. gestation: period of de velopment from conception until birth@gesticulation@/des,tikju'lein/ motion; gesture; V. gesticulate: make gestures (while speaking)@ghastly@/'g:stli/ horrible; terrifying; resembling ghosts; CF. aghast@gibberish@/'gibri/ nonsense ; nonsensical or unintelligible talk or writing; babbling@gibe@/daib/ mock; ma ke jeering remarks; N: jeering remarks@giddy@/'gidi/ light-hearted; not serio us; frivolous; dizzy; causing dizziness; Ex. giddy youth; Ex. giddy climb/height @gild@/gild/ cover with a thin layer of gold@gingerly@/'dindli/ very carefully; ADJ.@girth@/g:q/ distance around something; circumference@gist@/dist/ essence; main point; substance@glacial@/'gleisjl/ like a glacier; of an ice age; e xtremely cold; Ex. glacial epoch; CF. iceberg@glamor@ compelling charm; ADJ. g lamorous@glare@/gle/ shine intensely and blindingly; stare fixedly and angril y; N.@glaring@/'gleri/ (of something bad) highly conspicuous; harshly bright; s hining intensely and blindingly@glaze@/gleiz/ cover with a thin and shiny surf ace; apply a glaze to; N: thin, smooth, shiny coating (as for pottery); Ex. ungl azed pottery@gleam@/gli:m/ brief flash of light; glow; V.@glean@/gli:n/ gather leavings; gather grain left behind by reapers; gather bit by bit (facts o r information) often with difficulty@glib@/glib/ fluent (with insincerity or superficiality); facile; slick@glimmer@/'glim/ shine erratically; twink le; N: dim or unsteady light; faint indication; Ex. glimmer of hope@glitter@/'gl it/ shine brightly with flashing points of light; Ex. glittering diamond rin g; N: sparkling light; attractiveness; glamor; Ex. glitter of the sun on the wav es@gloat@/glout/ express evil satisfaction; look at or think about with e vil satisfaction; view malevolently; Ex. The thief gloated over the stolen jewel s.@gloss@/gls/ brief explanation note or translation of a difficult expression; V.@gloss_over@null explain away with the intention of deceiving or hiding f aults@glossary@/'glsri/ brief explanation of words used in the text@glossy@/'glsi / smooth and shining; N. gloss: shiny brightness on a surface; superficial ly attractive appearance; Ex. gloss of good manners@glow@/glou/ shine brightly w ithout a flame (as of eyes or metals); show redness and heat (in the face) after hard work or because of strong feelings; N: light produced by a heated body; br illiance of a color@glower@/'glv/ scowl; glare; look or stare angrily@glut@/glt/ overstock; fill beyond capacity (with food); fill to excess; N: oversupply@gluti nous@/'glu:tins/ sticky; viscous; gluey@glutton@/'gltn/ someone who eats too muc h; ADJ. gluttonous: given to gluttony; greedy; CF. gluttony: habit of eating too much@gnarl@/n:l/ protruding knot on a tree; V.@gnarled@/n:ld/ twisted@ gnome@/'noumi:/ dwarf; underground spirit who guards treasure hoards@goad@/goud/ urge on; drive with a goad; cause (someone) to do something by continued annoyan ce; Ex. They goaded him into doing it by saying he was a coward; N: sharp-pointe d stick for driving cattle; stimulus; CF. annoy continually@gobble@/'gbl/ eat very quickly@gorge@/g:d/ stuff oneself (with food); glut; CF. gorgeous: d azzlingly beautiful@gory@/'g:ri/ bloody; N. gore: blood (from a wound)@gossamer@/ 'gsm/ sheer; very light; like cobwebs; N: soft and sheer fabric; cobweb@gouge@ /gaud/ overcharge (with high price); extort from; Ex. gouge the public; CF. usu ry@gourmand@/gumnd/ epicure; person who takes excessive pleasure in food and drink@gourmet@/'gumei/ connoisseur of food and drink; epicure@gracious@/'greis/

kind in a generous way (to someone less important)@gradation@ series of gradua l stages; degree in such a progression@graduate@ arrange into categories or grades; divide into marked intervals (for use in measurement); Ex. graduated ruler@graduated@null arranged by degrees (of height, difficulty, etc.)@granar y@/'grnri/ storehouse for grain@grandeur@/'grnd/ impressiveness; statelin ess; majesty@grandiloquent@/grn'dilkwnt/ (of a person or speech) using high sound ing or important-sounding language; pompous; bombastic@grandiose@/'grndious/ affectedly grand; pretentious; high-flown; ridiculously exaggerated; impressive; great in size or scope; grand; Ex. grandiose ideas@granulate@/'grnjuleit/ form into grains or granules; N. granule: grain or particle@graphic@/grfik/ pertaining to the art of delineating; vividly described@graphite@/'grfait/ black form of carbon used in lead pencils@grapple@/'grpl/ wrestle; come to grips with; take hold of and struggle with; Ex. grapple with the burglar@grate@ make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; shred by rubbing against a rough surface; Ex. grated cheese N: framework of metal bars to hold fuel in a fireplac e@gratify@/'grtifai/ please; satisfy; Ex. gratify a desire@gratis@/'greitis/ free; without charge; ADJ.@gratuitous@/gr'tju:its/ given freely; unwarrante d; uncalled for; done without good reason; Ex. gratuitous comment@gratuity@/gr'tj u:iti/ n. money given to sb who has done one a service; tip ;@gravity@ seriousn ess; ADJ. grave@graze@/greiz/ (of an animal) feed on growing grass; cause (an animal) to feed on grass; scrape (esp. the skin) or touch lightly in passing; br ush; Ex. We can't graze the cattle till summer; N: surface wound@gregarious@/gre 'geris/ sociable; (of an animal) tending to form a group@grievance@/'gri:vns/ cause of complaint; complaint@grill@/gril/ question severely; cook on a gri ll; broil; N: cooking surface of parallel metal bars@grim@/grim/ causing great fear; unrelenting; determined in spite of fear; Ex. grim smile@grimace@/gr i'meis/ facial distortion to show feeling such as pain, disgust, etc; V.@grisly@ /'grizli/ ghastly; horrifying; Ex. grisly remains of the bodies@groom@/gru m/ man employed to take care of horses; V: make neat and trim; clean and br ush (an animal)@groove@/gru:v/ long narrow channel made in a surface to guide t he movement of something; Ex. groove of the record@gross@/grous/ total; f ragrant; clearly wrong; (of people's behavior) coarse; corpulent; Ex. gross inso lence/behavior; V: earn as a total amount; N: 12 dozens@grotesque@/grou'tesk/ fantastic; comically hideous; strange and unnatural (causing fear or amusement)@ grotto@/'grtou/ small cavern@grouch@/graut/ bad-tempered complaint; person w ho keeps complaining; V: complain; grumble@grouse@/graus/ complain; fuss; grumble; grouch; N: plump chickenlike game bird@grovel@/'grvl/ crawl or creep o n ground; remain prostrate; behave in a servile manner@growl@/graul/ low, gut tural, menacing sound (as of a dog)@grudge@/grd/ deep feeling of dislike; Ex. gru dge fight; V.@grudging@/'grdi/ unwilling; reluctant; stingy(giving reluctantly) @gruel@/'grul/ thin liquid porridge@grueling@null exhausting; Ex. grueling marathon race@gruesome@/'gru:sm/ grisly; horrible@gruff@/grf/ rough-ma nnered; (of a voice) rough; hoarse@grumble@/'grmbl/ complain; mutter discont entedly; grouch; N.@grunt@/grnt/ utter a deep guttural sound (as a pig does); N.@ guffaw@/g'f:/ boisterous laughter; V.@guile@ deceit; duplicity; wiliness; cun ning; Ex. persuade her by guile@guileless@ without deceit@guise@ outward appearance; costume; Ex. in a new guise@gull@ trick; deceive; hoodwink; N: per son who is easily tricked; dupe@gullible@ easily deceived@gush@/g/ (of liqu id) pour out in large quantities from a hole; make an excessive display of feeli ng (without true feeling); Ex. Blood gushed from the wound.@gust@/gst/ strong a brupt rush of wind; V. CF. bluster@gustatory@/'gsttri/ affecting or relating to the sense of taste@gusto@/'gstou/ eager enjoyment; zest; enthusiasm@gusty@ /'gsti/ windy@guy@/gai/ cable or chain attached to something that needs to be br aced or steadied; CF. guide@gyroscope@ apparatus used to maintain balance, asce rtain direction, etc.@habitat@/'hbitt/ natural home of a plant or animal; CF. h abitation@habituate@ accustom or familiarize; addict@hackles@ hairs on back and neck, especially of a dog; Ex. make someone's hackles rise@hackneyed@/ 'hknid/ commonplace; trite@haggard@/'hgd/ wasted away; gaunt; Ex. haggard faces the rescued miners@haggle@/'hgl/ argue about prices (in an attempt to bar gain)@hail@/heil/ frozen rain drop; V: salute or greet; precipitate hail@h

alcyon@/'hlsin/ calm; peaceful; Ex. halcyon days@hale@/heil/ healthy@halfhear ted@/'h:f'h:tid/ exhibiting little interest or enthusiasm@hallowed@null blessed; consecrated; Ex. hallowed ground; V. hallow: set apart as holy@hallucination@/h, lu:si'nein/ delusion; false idea; false perception of objects with a compell ing sense of their reality; objects so perceived; V. hallucinate; ADJ. hallucina tory@halting@ hesitant; faltering; not fluent; Ex. halting steps/voice; V. hal t: proceed or act with uncertainty; falter; hesitate; waver; stop@hamper@/'hmp/ obstruct; prevent the free movement of;@handsome@/'hnsm/ large in quantity; gener ous; Ex. handsome reward@hap@/hp/ chance; luck@haphazard@/'hp'hzd/ random; by chance; happening in an unplanned manner; Ex. haphazard growth of the town@ha pless@/'hplis/ unfortunate; luckless@harangue@/h'r/ long, passionate, and ve hement speech; V.@harass@/'hrs/ annoy by repeated attacks@harbinger@/'h:bind/ forerunner (which foreshadows what is to come)@harbor@/'h:b/ give protection (by giving food and shelter); provide a refuge for; hide; keep in mind (thoughts or feelings); Ex. harbor a grudge/criminal; N: place of shelter; refuge@hardy@/ 'h:di/ (of people or animals) sturdy; robust; (of plants) able to stand incleme nt(stormy) weather@harping@null tiresome dwelling on a subject; V. harp: dwell o n(think or speak a lot about) tediously@harrowing@/'hroui/ agonizing; distr essing; traumatic; V. harrow: break up and level (soil) with a harrow; inflict g reat distress on; agonize; N: farming machine to break up the earth@harry@/'hri/ harass, annoy, torment (by repeated attacks); raid@hatch@/ht/ deck opening; li d covering a deck opening; V: emerge from an egg; produce (young) from an egg@ha ughtiness@/h:tinis/ pride; arrogance; ADJ. haughty@haunt@/h:nt/ (of a sp irit) visit (a place); come to mind continually; visit (a place) regularly; freq uent; Ex. haunted house; Ex. haunted by his last words; N: place much frequented @haven@/'heivn/ place of safety; refuge; harbor; Ex. tax haven@havoc@/'hvk/ widespread damage; disorder; chaos@hazard@/'hzd/ venture; put in danger; risk; Ex . hazard a guess; N: possible source of danger@hazardous@/'hzds/ dangerous@hazy@/ 'heizi/ slightly obscure; misty; unclear; N. haze: light mist or smoke; confused state of mind@headfirst@null moving with the head leading; headlong@headlong@ /'hedl/ hasty; rash; headfirst; ADV.@headstrong@/'hedstr/ willful; stubborn; un lding; determined to have one's own way; CF. no 'excessive'@healthful@/'helqful/ conducive to good health; Ex. healthful mountain air@healthy@/'helqi/ possessi ng good health; healthful@heckler@/'hekl/ person who verbally harasses oth ers; V. heckle: verbally harass as with gibes (by interrupting a speaker or spee ch)@hedonist@/'hi:dnsit/ one who believes that pleasure is the sole aim in life; CF. hedonism: practice of living one's life purely for pleasure@heed@/hi:d/ pay attention to; N: close attention@heedless@/'hi:dlis/ not noticing; di sregarding@hegemony@/hi:'gemni/ dominance especially of one nation over others@h einous@/'heins/ atrocious; wicked; hatefully bad; Ex. heinous crime@helm@/helm/ steering wheel of a ship; position of control@hem@/hem/ surround tightly so that movement is impossible; Ex. hem in; N.@herald@/'herld/ messenger; sign of somet hing to come; V: announce; proclaim; Ex. unheralded researcher@herbivorous@/h:'bi vrs/ grain-eating; CF. herbivore@herd@/h:d/ group of animals; crowd; one who looks after a herd; Ex. shepherd/goatherd; Ex. herd instinct; Ex. herdsman; V: come together in a herd; look after a herd; Ex. herd cattle@hereafter@/hir':ft/ life after death@heresy@/'hersi/ opinion contrary to popular belief; opinion cont rary to accepted religion; ADJ. heretical; CF. heretic@hermetic@/h:'metik/ concerning alchemy or magic; obscure and mysterious; occult@hermitage@/'h:mitid/ home of a hermit@herpetologist@/,h:pi'tldist/ one who studies reptiles; CF. he rpetology: branch of zoology that deals with reptiles and amphibians@heterodox@/ 'hetrdks/ (of beliefs) against accepted opinion; unorthodox; unconventional@hetero geneous@ dissimilar; mixed; not homogeneous; consisting of dissimilar ele ments or plants@hew@/hju:/ cut to pieces with ax or sword; chop; N.@heyday@ /'heidei/ time of greatest success or power; prime@hiatus@/hai'eits/ gap; pause; gap or interruption in space or time; break@hibernal@/hai'b:nl/ wintry; wintery; of or like winter@hibernate@/'haib:neit/ sleep throughout the winter; N. hibernation@hide@ skin of an animal@hideous@/'hidis/ repulsive to the sight; ugly; repugnant; Ex. hideous face/scream@hierarchy@ arrangement by rank or standing; authoritarian body divided into ranks; body of

persons having authority@hieroglyphic@ picture writing; ADJ.@high-flown@null highly pretentious or inflated@hilarity@/hi'lriti/ boisterous mirth(merrime nt; laughter); ADJ. hilarious: full of laughter@hindmost@/'haindmoust/ furthest behind; farthest to the rear@hindrance@/'hindrns/ block; obstacle; V. hind er@hindsight@/'haindsait/ understanding the nature of an event after it ha s actually happened@hinterlands@null back country; inner part of a country; O P. foreland@hireling@/'haili/ one who serves for hire (usually used contemptuo usly); one who works solely for compensation; Ex. hireling politician@hirsute@/' h:sju:t/ hairy; having a lot of hair@historic@/his'trik/ important in history; . historic battle@historical@/his'trikl/ connected with history; based on events in history (whether regarded as important or not)@histrionic@/,histri'nik/ theatrical; excessively dramatic or emotional; affected; of actors or acting; N. histrionics: histrionic behavior@hive@/haiv/ box for bees; V: cause to go in a hive@hoard@/h:d/ stockpile; accumulate for future use; N: supply stored f or future use@hoary@/'h:ri/ white with age@hoax@/houks/ trick which make s someone take action; practical joke; Ex. hoax mail; V.@holocaust@/'hlk:st/ destruction by fire; CF. burnt whole; CF. Holocaust@holster@/'houlst/ leather pistol case (that hangs on a belt around the waist)@homage@/'hmid/ honor; t ribute; great respect; Ex. pay/do homage to@homely@/'houmli/ not good-looking ; unattractive@homeostasis@null tendency of a system or organism to maintain rel ative stability or internal equilibrium; CF. homeo-: constant; Ex. homeotherm@ho mespun@/'houmspn/ domestic; made at home; spun or woven at home; simple an d ordinary; Ex. homespun philosophy@homily@/'hmili/ sermon; tedious moralizi ng lecture; serious warning; ADJ. homiletic@homogeneous@/,hm'di:njs/ of the s ame kind; uniform in composition throughout@hone@/houn/ sharpen (a tool); N: whe tstone for sharpening a tool@hoodwink@/'hudwik/ deceive; delude@horde@/h:d/ crowd; swarm@horoscope@/'hrskoup/ diagram of the positions of stars at a given mom ent (eg. of a person's birth) used by astrologers@hortatory@/'h:ttiv/ encourag ing; exhortive; marked by exhortation; CF. exhort@horticultural@/,h:ti'kltrl/ pertaining to cultivation of gardens; N. horticulture: science or art of cultiva ting fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants; CF. agriculture: science or art o f farming or growing crops@hostage@/'hstid/ person who is kept as a prisoner by an enemy so that the other side will do what the enemy demands@hostility@/hs' tiliti/ unfriendliness; hatred; enmity; ADJ. hostile@hothead@/'hthed/ person w ho does things too quickly without thinking; ADJ. hotheaded@hovel@/'hvl/ shack; s mall wretched house@hover@/'hv/ hang about; (of birds or aircraft) stay in the a ir in one place; (of people) wait nearby; stay around one place; waver; be in an uncertain state@hubbub@/'hbb/ confused uproar; loud noise; din@hubris@/'hju:br is/ arrogance; excessive self-conceit@hue@/hju:/ color; aspect; Ex. opini ons of every hue@hue_and_cry@null outcry; loud cry or clamor; strong prote st; Ex. hue and cry against the new rule@hull@ husk; dry outer covering of a se ed; frame or body of a ship@humane@/'hju:mein/ marked by kindness or considerat ion; kind and compassionate; humanitarian@humanitarian@/hju:,mni'terin/ one devo ted to the promotion of human welfare; CF. humanism@humble@/'hmbl/ of low r ank or position; modest; having a low opinion of oneself and a high opinion of o thers; unassuming; not proud; V. humiliate: make humble; cause to feel ashamed o r to lose the respect of others@humdrum@/'hmdrm/ dull; monotonous@humid@/'hju:mid / damp; N. humidity@humility@/hju:'militi/ humbleness of spirit@hum mock@/'hmk/ small hill; hillock@humor@ indulge; comply with the wishes of; N. quality that makes something amusing; state of mind; mood; Ex. in a bad h umor; Ex. out of humor@humus@/'hju:ms/ substance or rich soil formed by decayin g vegetable matter; CF. soil@hurl@/h:l/ throw forcefully; shout out violently@hu rtle@/'h:tl/ crash; rush; move with great speed; Ex. hurtling runaway train@h usband@/'hzbnd/ use sparingly; conserve; save; Ex. husband one's energy; CF. hou se holder@husbandry@/'hzbndri/ frugality; thrift; economy; agriculture; farming ; Ex. animal husbandry; CF. husbandman@hut@/ht/ crude dwelling; shack@hybrid@/'h aibrid/ mongrel; mixed breed; V. hybridize@hydrophobia@/,haidr'foubj/ fear of water; rabies@hygiene@/'haidi:n/ science and practice of the promotion and preser vation of health; ADJ. hygienic: showing careful attention to cleanness (to prev ent disease); Ex. hygienic condition@hyperbole@/hai'p:bli/ exaggeration; ov

erstatement; ADJ. hyperbolic: of hyperbole; of a hyperbola@hypercritical@/'haip:' kritikl/ excessively exacting; too critical (without noticing good qualities)@hyp nosis@/hip'nousis/ induced sleeping state; ADJ. hypnotic; V. hypnotize@hypo chondriac@/,haupou'kndrik/ person unduly worried about his health; worrier without cause about illness; ADJ. CF. hypochondria: neurosis that one is or is b ecoming ill; CF. abdomen@hypocritical@/,hip'kritikl/ pretending to be virtuou s; deceiving; N. hypocrisy: profession of beliefs one does not possess; CF. hypo crite@hypothetical@ based on assumptions or hypotheses; supposed; N. hypothe sis@hysteria@/his'tiri/ excessive or uncontrollable excitement; N. hysteric: per son suffering from hysteria; CF. hysterics: attack of hysteria@ichthyology@/,ikqi'ldi / study of fish; CF. ichthyo-: fish@icon(ikon)@null religious image; idol; image or representation@iconoclastic@/ai,kn'klstik/ attacking cherished trad itions; N. iconoclast: one who attacks traditional ideas; one who destroys sacre d images@ideology@/,adi'ldi/ system of ideas characteristic of a group or cul ture@idiom@/'idim/ expression whose meaning as a whole differs from the mea nings of its individual words; distinctive style (of expression); Ex. idiom of t he modern popular music; ADJ. idiomatic@idiosyncrasy@/,idi'sikrsi/ individual trait usually odd in nature; behavioral peculiarity; eccentricity; attitude, behavior , or opinion peculiar to a person; anything highly individual or eccentric; ADJ. idiosyncratic@idle@/'aidl/ not working; not employed or busy; lazy; without purpose; useless; lacking substance; baseless; not based on truth; Ex. idle wor ker; Ex. talk idly; V.@idolatry@/ai'dltri/ worship of idols; excessive admi ration or devotion; ADJ. idolatrous@idyll(idyl)@null short poem idealizing ru ral life; simple happy period of life (in the country); scene from such a time; Ex. idyll of two young lovers@idyllic@null charmingly carefree; simple and happy; Ex. idyllic scene@igneous@/'ignis/ produced by fire; of fire; volca nic; (of rocks) formed from lava; Ex. igneous meteorite@ignite@ kindle; light; c atch fire or set fire to@ignoble@/ig'noubl/ unworthy; not noble; dishonorabl e; Ex. ignoble deed@ignominy@/'ignmini/ deep disgrace; shame or dishonor; ADJ. i gnominious; Ex. ignominous defeat@illicit@/i'lisit/ illegal@illimitable@/i'l imitbl/ infinite; limitless@illuminate@null brighten; clear up or make under standable; enlighten; enable to understand; Ex. illuminating remarks@illusion@nu ll misleading vision or visual image; false idea or belief; CF. delusion@il lusive@null deceiving; based on illusion; causing illusion; deceptive@illuso ry@null illusive; deceptive; not real@imbalance@/im'blns/ lack of balance or symme try; disproportion@imbecility@/,imbi'siliti/ weakness of mind; state of being an imbecile; N. imbecile: stupid person; fool@imbibe@/im'bed/ drink in@imbrogl io@/im'brouliou/ complicated situation (as in a play); painful or complex misunderstanding (as in a play); entanglement; confused mass (as of papers); V. embroil@imbue@/im'bju:/ saturate(soak thoroughly); fill; Ex. imbue someo ne with feelings@immaculate@/i'mkjulit/ spotless; flawless; absolutely clean@imm inent@/'iminnt/ impending; near at hand@immobility@/,imou'biliti/ state of being immovable@immolate@/'imouleit/ offer or kill as a sacrifice (by fire)@i mmune@/i'mju:n/ resistant to; free or exempt from; N. immunity@immure@/i'mju/ imprison; shut up in confinement; CF. wall@immutable@/i'mju:tbl/ unchangeable@imp air@/im'pe/ injure; hurt; damage@impale@/im'peil/ pierce (with a sharp poi nt); Ex. impaled by the spear@impalpable@/im'plpbl/ imperceptible(not easily understood); intangible; OP. palpable: tangible; easily perceptible@impart@/im' p:t/ grant a share of; make known; Ex. news to impart@impartial@/im'p:l/ not biased; fair; N. impartiality@impassable@/im'p:tibl/ not able to be traveled or crossed@impasse@/m'p:s/ predicament(dangerous condition) from which ther e is no escape; situation allowing for no further progress@impassioned@/im'pnd/ (of speech) filled with passion; fervent@impassive@/im'psiv/ without feeling; expressionless; imperturbable; stoical; Ex. impassive face@impeach@/im'pi:t/ charge (a public official) with crime in office; raise doubts about; indict; Ex. impeach a witness's credibility@impeccable@/im'pekblnis/ faultless@impecu nious@/,impi'kju:njs/ without money@impede@ hide; retard or obstruct the pro gress of; block@impediment@/im'pedimnt/ hindrance; stumbling-block; speech defec t preventing clear articulation; Ex. speech impediment@impel@/im'pel/ drive or force onward; drive to take action; urge to action@impending@/im'pendi/ nearing;

approaching; about to happen@impenetrable@/im'penitrbl/ not able to be pierced o r entered; beyond understanding; impossible to understand; Ex. impenetrable myst ery@impenitent@/im'penitnt/ not repentant@imperative@/im'pertiv/ absolute ly necessary; that must be done; critically important; expressing command; Ex. I t is imperative that; N: something that must be done@imperceptible@/'imp'septbl/ unnoticeable; impossible to perceive; undetectable@imperial@/im'piril/ like an emperor; related to an empire; CF. imperialism@imperil@/im'peril/ put in d anger@imperious@/im'piris/ domineering; too commanding; haughty; CF. imperi al/emperor@impermeable@/im'p:mjbl/ impervious; not permitting passage throu gh its substance; impossible to permeate@impersonal@/im'p:snl/ not being a pers on; not showing personal feelings; Ex. impersonal force/manner/organization@impe rtinent@/im'p:tinnt/ insolent; rude; not pertinent; N. impertinence@imperturb able@/,imp:'t:bbl/ unshakably calm; placid@impervious@ impenetrable; incapable of being damaged or distressed; incapable of being affected (in one's opinions); Ex. impervious to water/criticism@impetuous@/im'petjus/ violent; hasty; rash; im pulsive; without careful thought; Ex. impetuous decision@impetus@/'impits/ moving force; momentum; force of a moving body; incentive; stimulus; impulse@imp iety@/im'paiti/ irreverence; lack of respect for God or piety@impinge@/im'pind/ infringe; encroach; influence; touch; collide with; Ex. The effects are impingin g on every aspect of our lives.@impious@/'impis/ irreverent@implacable@/im'plkbl/ incapable of being pacified; impossible to appease; Ex. implacable enemy@implaus ible@/im'pl:zbl/ unlikely (to be true); unbelievable; Ex. implausible alibi@imple ment@/'impliment/ put into effect; enforce; carry out; supply with tools; Ex. implement the plan/suggestion; N: tool or instrument@implicate@ incrimin ate; involve incriminatingly; show to be involved (in a crime); Ex. implicate so meone in the crime@implication@/,impli'kein/ something hinted at or suggested ; implying; implicating@implicit@/im'plisit/ understood but not stated; impli ed; unquestioning and complete; Ex. implicit trust@implode@/im'ploud/ burst in ward; CF. vaccum tube@implore@/im'pl:/ v. ask or beg earnestly; beseech@imply@/ im'plai/ suggest a meaning not expressed; signify@impolitic@/im'plitik/ not wise; not expedient; not politic@imponderable@/im'pndrbl/ weightless; that cannot undergo precise evaluation; CF. pound@import@ significance; importance ; meaning@importunate@/im'p:tjunit/ urging; always demanding; troublesomely urgent or persistent@importune@/im'p:tju:n/ beg persistently; make repeated requests (in an annoying way)@imposture@/im'pstju:m/ assuming a false identit y; masquerade; CF. impostor@impotent@/'imptnt/ weak; ineffective; lacking in ph ysical strength or power@impoverish@/im'pvri/ make poor; deprive of natural st rength or something important; Ex. impoverished soil@imprecation@/,impri'kein/ curse; swearword@impregnable@/im'prgnbl/ invulnerable; impossible to capture or e nter by force; Ex. impregnable fort/argument; CF. take@impregnate@/im'prgnit/ make pregnant; fill thoroughly; saturate@impromptu@/im'prmptju:/ without previous preparation; off the cuff(end of a sleeve); on the spur of the moment@improprie ty@/,impr'praiti/ improperness; unsuitableness@improvident@/im'prvidnt/ thriftle ss; not providing for the future@improvise@/'imprvaiz/ compose on the spur of t he moment@imprudent@/im'pru:dnt/ lacking caution; not prudent; injudicious@impude nce@/im'pru:dns/ impertinence; insolence@impugn@/im'pju:n/ dispute or contr adict (often in an insulting way); attack as false or questionable; challenge; g ainsay; CF. fight@impuissance@/im'pju:isnt/ powerlessness; feebleness@impuni ty@/im'pju:niti/ freedom from punishment or harm; CF. punish@impute@/im'p ju:t/ attribute; ascribe; charge; N. imputation@inadvertently@ unintent ionally; by oversight; carelessly@inalienable@/in'eijnbl/ not to be taken away; no ntransferable; Ex. inalienable rights@inamorata@/in,m'r:t/ woman whom a man loves@i nane@/i'nein/ silly; senseless; Ex. inane remarks; N. inanity@inanimate@/in'nim it/ lifeless; not animate@inarticulate@/,in:'tikjulit/ speechless; prod ucing indistinct speech; not articulate; not expressing oneself clearly@inasmuch _as@null since; owing to the fact that@inaugurate@/i'n:gjureit/ begin fo rmally; install in office; induct into office by a formal ceremony; N. inaugurat ion; ADJ. inaugural@incandescent@/incandescent/ strikingly bright; shining with intense heat; emitting visible light when heated; Ex. incandescent light bulb; C F. candle@incantation@/,inkn'tein/ singing or chanting of magic spells; mag

ical formula; (the saying of) words used in magic; CF. enchant@incapacitate@/,in k'psiteit/ disable; N. incapacity: lack of capacity@incarcerate@/in'k:sreit/ imprison@incarnate@/in'k:nit/ endowed with flesh; invested with bodily form; p ersonified; Ex. devil incarnate; V: give bodily form to; embody@incarnation@/,in k:'nein/ act of assuming a human body and human nature; one who personifies somet hing; personification; Ex. previous incarnation/reincarnation@incendiary@/in'sen djri/ arsonist; ADJ: causing fire; of arson; Ex. incendiary bomb@incense@/'ins ens/ enrage; infuriate(make furious); make extremely angry; outrage; N: aroma tic substance burned to produce a pleasant odor@incentive@/in'sentiv/ spur; mo tive; something which encourages one to greater activity@inception@/in'sepn/ start; beginning@incessant@/in'sesnt/ uninterrupted; unceasing@inchoate@/'inko ueit/ (of desire, wish, plan) recently begun; not explicit; at the beginning o f development; rudimentary; elementary; Ex. inchoate mass@incidence@ rate of occurrence; particular occurrence; Ex. high incidence of infant mortality@incide nt@// event; event that causes a crisis@incidental@ not essential; minor; N: something incidental@incinerate@/in'sinreit/ burn to ashes@incipient@/in'sipin t/ beginning; in an early stage@incisive@/in'saisiv/ (appreciatively) cutting; sharp; Ex. incisive remarks; V. incise: make a cut into@incite@/in'sai t/ arouse to action; goad; motivate; induce to exist; Ex. incite a riot/the crowd to rebellion@inclement@/in'klemnt/ stormy; unkind; unmerciful; CF. clement@incline@/in'klain/ slope; slant; Ex. steep incline@inclined@/in'kla ind/ tending or leaning toward; bent; V. incline: slant; dispose; be disposed ; tend@inclusive@/in'klu:siv/ tending to include all; all-inclusive; Ex. inclu sive charge@incognito@/in'kgnitou/ with identity concealed; using an assume d name; ADJ.@incoherent@/,inkou'hirnt/ unintelligible; muddled; unable to expre ss one's thoughts in an orderly manner; illogical; lacking cohesion; not coheren t@incommodious@/,ink'moudjs/ not spacious; inconvenient@incompatible@/,inkm'ptbl / inharmonious; N. incompatibility@incongruity@ lack of harmony; absurdi ty; ADJ. incongruous: lacking in harmony; inappropriate@inconsequential@/in,knsi' kwenl/ insignificant; unimportant@inconsistency@/,inkn'sistns/ state of bein elf-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness; ADJ. inconsistent: displayi ng a lack of consistency; erratic; contradictory; incompatible@incontinent@/in'kn tinnt/ lacking self-restraint; not continent; licentious@incontrovertible@/'inkn tr'v:tbl/ indisputable; impossible to dispute; not open to question; unquestionabl e@incorporate@/in'k:prit/ introduce something into a larger whole; include; embody ; give material form to; ADJ.@incorporeal@/,ink:'p:ril/ without a material body; insubstantial@incorrigible@/in'kridbl/ uncorrectable@incredulity@/,inkri'dju:li ti/ tendency to disbelief@incredulous@/in'kredjuls/ withholding belief; skep tical; showing disbelief@increment@/'inkrimnt/ increase@incriminate@/in'krimine it/ accuse of or implicate in a crime; serve as evidence against; cause to s eem or make guilty of a crime; Ex. incriminating evidence@incrustation@/,inkrs'te in/ hard coating or crust; V. incrust: encrust; cover with a crust@incubate@ /'inkjubeit/ hatch; warm (eggs) with the body to promote hatching; maintain a t optimal environment conditions for development; be holding in one's body an in fection which is going to develop into a disease; N. incubation; CF. incubation: disease@incubus@/'ikjubs/ burden; very worriying problem; mental care; nightmare; male devil; CF. succubus@inculcate@/'inklkeit/ teach (ideas or principles); ins till@incumbent@/in'kmbnt/ obligatory; imposed as an obligation; currently holding an office; N: person who holds an office@incur@/in'k:/ bring upon oneself@incur sion@/in'k:n/ temporary invasion; CF. excursion: short journey@indecision@/,in di'sin/ irresolution; inability to make up one's mind@indecisive@/,indi'saisiv/ marked by indecision; inconclusive; Ex. indecisive battle@indefatigable@/,indi'ft igbl/ tireless; untiring; showing no sign of getting tired@indelible@/in'delib l/ not able to be erased@indemnify@/in'demnifai/ make secure against dama ge or loss; compensate for damage or loss; CF. make uninjured@indentation@/,inde n'tein/ notch; deep recess; V. indent; CF. tooth@indenture@/in'dent/ bind as servant or apprentice to master; bind by indenture; N: contract binding one part y into the service of another for a specified time (as between an apprentice and his master)@indeterminate@/,indi't:minit/ uncertain; not clearly fixed; in definite@indicative@/in'diktiv/ suggestive; implying; serving to indicate@indice

s@/'indeks/ signs; indications; Ex. indices of a student's potential; CF. in dex: something that reveals or indicates; sign; Ex. cost-of-living index@indict@ /in'dait/ charge; N. indictment@indifferent@/in'difrnt/ unmoved or uncon cerned by; having no interest in; mediocre; neither good nor bad@indigence@/'ind idns/ poverty@indigenous@/in'didins/ native; Ex. plant indigenous to the New World@indigent@/'indidnt/ poor; destitute@indignation@/,indig'nein/ anger at an injustice; Ex. righteous indignation; ADJ. indignant@indignity@/in'digniti/ treatment or situation that causes shame or loss of dignity, respect; offensive or insulting treatment; humiliating or degrading treatment; Ex. I suffered the i ndignity of having to say that in front of them.@indiscriminate@/,indis'kriminit / choosing at random; confused; not based on careful distinctions@indisput able@/,indis'pju:tbl/ too certain to be disputed; beyond doubt@indissoluble@/, indi'sljubl/ permanent; impossible to dissolve or disintegrate@indite@/in'dai t/ write; compose@indoctrinate@/in'dktrineit/ cause to accept a doctri ne without questioning it; Ex. indoctrinated with mindless anti-communism@indole nt@/'indlnt/ lazy@indomitable@/in'dmitbl/ unconquerable; unyielding@indubi table@/in'dju:bitbl/ unable to be doubted; which cannot be doubted; unquestio nable@induce@ persuade; lead to do something; bring about; N. inducement@induc t@/in'dkt/ place formally in office; install; admit as a member; initiate; N. induction: inducting; process of deriving general principles from particular facts@inductive@ pertaining to induction or proceeding from the specific to the general@indulge@/in'dju:/ yield to; gratify; allow oneself a speci al pleasure; Ex. indulge one's every whim/a child/in a big cigarette; N. indulge nce@indulgent@/in'dldnt/ humoring; yielding; lenient; showing indulgence@industri ous@/in'dstris/ diligent; hard-working; N. industry@inebriate@/i'ni:briit/ make drunk; intoxicate; N. intoxicated person@inebriated@ habitually intox icated; drunk; N. inebriety@ineffable@/in'efbl/ unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo; that cannot be expressed in speech; indescribable; unspeakable; inexpress ible; Ex. ineffable name/joy@ineffectual@/,ini'fektjul/ not effective; not havin g a desired effect; weak@ineluctable@/,ini'lktbl/ irresistible; not to be escaped; unavoidable@inept@/i'nept/ unsuited; inappropriate; lacking skill; incompet ent; CF. inapt: (of statements or ideas) inappropriate@inequity@/in'ekwiti/ unfairness; ADJ. inequitable@inerrancy@/,iner'biliti/ infallibility@inert@ inactive; lacking power to move; unable to move or act; Ex. chemically inert; N. inertia: state of being inert; force which keeps a thing in the position or sta te@inestimable@/in'evitbl/ impossible to estimate; (apprec) invaluable; of immeasurable worth@inevitable@/in'evitbl/ unavoidable@inexorable@/in'eksrbl/ relentless; unyielding; implacable; not capable of being changed by entreaty or efforts; Ex. inexorable price rises@inextricable@/in'ekstrikbl/ from which it is impossible to get free; that cannot be untied; Ex. inextricable troubles; Ex. i nextricable two histories@infallible@/in'flbl/ unerring; never making mistakes@ infamous@/'infms/ notoriously bad; notorious; well known for being bad; Ex. infamo us behavior; N: infamy: infamous act; evil fame or reputation@infantile@/'infntai l/ childish; infantlike@infer@/in'f:/ deduce; conclude; N. inference@i nfernal@/in'f:nl/ pertaining to hell; devilish; N. inferno: place of fiery heat or destruction@infest@/in'fest/ inhabit in numbers large enough to be ha rmful; Ex. Mice infested the house; Ex. shark-infested waters@infidel@/'infidl/ unbeliever (with respect to a particular religion)@infiltrate@/'infiltreit/ pass into or through; penetrate or enter (an organization) sneakily; Ex. infiltr ate the troops into enemy territory; CF. infiltrator@infinitesimal@/,infini'tesi ml/ very small@infirmity@/in'f:miti/ weakness@inflated@/in'fleitid/ exaggera ted; pompous; enlarged (with air or gas)@influx@/'inflks/ flowing into@inf raction@/in'frkn/ violation (of a rule or regulation); breach@infringe@/in'frind/ violate (a law); encroach (the right of another person)@ingenious@/in'di:njs/ marked by inventive skill; clever; resourceful; N. ingenuity@ingenue@ ing\'enu e; young innocent girl@ingenuous@/in'denjus/ naive and trusting; young; unsop histicated; candid@ingrained@/'in'greind/ deeply established; firmly roote d; Ex. ingrained dirt/prejudice@ingrate@/in'greit/ ungrateful person (not e xpressing thanks)@ingratiate@/in'greiieit/ become popular with; bring (ones elf) in favor of another; Ex. ingratiate himself with the boss@inherent@/in'hirnt/

firmly established by nature or habit; intrinsic@inhibit@ restrain; prohib it; retard or prevent; N. inhibition@inhibited@ (of a person) unable to express what one really feels@inimical@/i'nimikl/ (of someone) unfriendly; hostile ; (of something) harmful; detrimental; CF. enemy@inimitable@/i'nimitbl/ matchles s; not able to be imitated@iniquitous@/i'nikwits/ wicked; immoral; unright eous; N. iniquity; Ex. den of iniquity@initiate@/i'niiit/ begin; originate ; receive into a group; introduce to a new field or activity; Ex. initiate someo ne into the mysteries of a secret religion; N: one who has been initiated@injuri ous@/in'duris/ harmful; causing injury@inkling@/'ikli/ hint; slight indicati innate@/'i'neit/ inborn@innocuous@/i'nkjus/ harmless@innovation@/,in ou'vein/ change; something newly introduced; introduction of something new; V. in novate: begin or introduce (something new); be creative; ADJ. innovative@innuend o@/,inju:'endou/ indirect or subtle (derogatory) hint; insinuation; Ex. s exual innuendo@inopportune@/in'ptju:n/ untimely; inappropriate or ill-timed; po orly chosen@inordinate@/in':dinit/ beyond reasonable limits; unrestrained; excessive; Ex. inordinate demands@inquisitive@/in'kwizitiv/ eager for knowle dge; unduly curious@inquisitor@/in'kwizit/ questioner (especially harsh); i nvestigator; person making an inquisition@inroad@/'inroud/ hostile invasion ; advance that lessens the quantity or difficulty of something; Ex. The long ill ness made serious inroads on his savings; CF. raid@insalubrious@/,ins'lu:bris/ unwholesome; not healthful; Ex. insalubrious place@insatiable@/in'seijbl/ not easi ly satisfied; unquenchable; Ex. insatiable appetite@inscrutable@/in'skru:tbl/ difficult to understand; impenetrable; not readily understood; mysterious@insens ate@/in'senseit/ without feeling; lacking sense; foolish@insensible@/in's ensbl/ unconscious; unresponsive; insensitive; unaware; imperceptible; Ex. inse nsible of his danger/to pain; Ex. insensible change; CF. not the opposite of sen sible@insidious@/in'sidis/ treacherous; stealthy; sly; working or spreading harmfully in a stealthy manner; Ex. insidious spreading of dry rot@insightful@/ 'insaitful/ discerning; perceptive@insinuate@/in'sinjueit/ hint; imply; sug gest indirectly; creep in; introduce or insert (oneself) by artful means; Ex. in sinuate himself into the boss's favor; CF. ingratiate@insipid@/in'sipid/ lacking in flavor; lacking interest; dull; Ex. insipid food/character@insolence@ /'inslns/ impudent disrespect; haughtiness; ADJ. insolent; CF. haughty + rude@inso lvent@/in'slvnt/ bankrupt; lacking money to pay; N. insolvency@insomnia@/in'smni/ wakefulness; inability to sleep@insouciant@/in'su:sjnt/ without concern or care; unconcerned; indifferent@instigate@/'instigeit/ start; urge; provoke; in cite; Ex. instigate a search/quarrel@institute@/'institju:t/ organization for a special purpose; V: establish@institution@/,insti'tju:n/ instituting; (bu ilding for the) organization; established custom, practice, or relationship in a society; mental hospital; Ex. institution of marriage@institutionalize@/,insti' tju:nlaiz/ make into an institution; put or confine in an institution@insubordinati on@/'ins,b:di'nein/ disobedience; rebelliousness; ADJ. insubordinate@insubst antial@/,insb'stnl/ lacking substance; insignificant; frail; immaterial@insularity@/ ,insju'lriti/ narrow-mindedness; isolation; ADJ. insular: of an island; isolat ed; narrow-minded; CF. peninsula@insuperable@/in'sju:prbl/ insurmountable; unbeatable; Ex. insuperable difficulties@insurgent@/in's:dnt/ rebellious; N.@i nsurmountable@/,ins:'mauntbl/ overwhelming; unbeatable; insuperable@insurrecti on@/,ins'rekn/ rebellion; uprising@intangible@/in'tndbl/ not able to be percei by touch; vague@integral@// complete; necessary for completeness; Ex. integr al part@integrate@/'intigreit/ make whole; combine; make into one unit@integrit y@/in'tegriti/ honesty; uprightness; wholeness; state of being whole and undivi ded; completeness@intellect@ higher mental powers; person of great intellectu al ability@intelligentsia@/in,teli'dentsi/ intellectuals; members of the ed ucated elite (often used derogatorily)@inter@/in't:/ bury; N. interment@inter dict@/'intdikt/ prohibit; forbid; N.@interim@/'intrim/ meantime; Ex. in the int erim; ADJ. taking place during an interim; Ex. interim paper@interjection@/,int'de kn/ exclamation; Ex. ``Ouch''@interloper@/,int'loup/ intruder; one who interf eres@intermediary@/,int'mi:djri/ intermediate; acting as a mediator; N: mediator; go-between@interminable@/,int'migl/ endless@intermittent@ periodic; on and off; stopping and starting at intervals@internecine@/,int'ni:sain/ mutually

destructive@interpolate@ insert between@interregnum@/,int'regnm/ period b etween two successive reigns or governments@interrogate@/in'tergeit/ question closely; cross-examine; cross-question@interstice@/in't:stis/ narrow space bet ween things@intervene@/,int'vi:n/ come between; interfere; Ex. intervened to prevent a fight; N. intervention@intimate@/'intimit/ hint; suggest; imply; AD J: marked by close relationship; familiar; private; personal; Ex. intimate knowl edge/thoughts in the diary; N: close friend or confidant; CF. intimacy@intimidat e@/in'timideit/ frighten; N. intimidation@intolerant@/in'tlrnt/ not willing to a ccept ways of thinking different from one's own; CF. tolerant; CF. tolerate@into xicate@/in'tksikeit/ make drunk; stimulate or excite; Ex. intoxicated by all the money he might win@intractable@/in'trktbl/ unruly; difficult to manage; Ex. intractable problem/child@intransigence@ refusal of any compromise; stubb ornness; ADJ. intransigent: uncompromising@intrepid@/in'trepid/ fearless@intrigu e@/in'tri:g/ make secret plans; plot; arouse the curiosity of; N: secret sche me; plot; secret love affair@intrinsic@/in'trinsik/ essential; inherent; bui lt-in@introspective@/,introu'spektiv/ looking within oneself; N. introspection : self-examination@introvert@/,introu'v:t/ one who is introspective or incl ined to think more about oneself; ADJ. introverted@intrude@/in'tru:d/ put or f orce in without being asked; trespass; enter as an uninvited person; Ex. intrude one's own opinion into the report; CF. thrust in@intuition@ immediate insigh t; power of knowing without reasoning; ADJ. intuitive; V. intuit: know by intuit ion@inundate@/'inndeit/ flood; overflow; submerge; cover completely; Ex. inundat ed with work@inured@null accustomed; hardened; Ex. inured to the Alaskan cold; V. inure: make used to something undesirable; harden; CF. unfeeling@invali d@/'invli:d/ one incapacitated(disabled) by a chronic illness; ADJ: incapacit ated by illness; not valid; null; V: allow to leave (a military force) because o f ill-health@invalidate@/in'vlideit/ weaken; destroy; make invalid; nullify@i nvective@/in'vektiv/ abuse@inveigh@/in'vei/ denounce; utter censure or invec tive; Ex. inveigh against the evils of drink@inveigle@/in'vi:gl/ deceive; lead astray by deception; wheedle(cajole); Ex. inveigle her into joining the cl ub; CF. interest dishonestly@inverse@/'in'v:s/ opposite@invert@/in'v:t/ turn ups ide down or inside out; reverse the position or condition of@inveterate@/in'vetri t/ deep-rooted; habitual; CF. grow old@invidious@/in'vidis/ designed to crea te ill will or envy; tending to rouse ill will or envy; Ex. invidious comparison @invincible@/in'vinsbl/ unconquerable@inviolable@/in'vailbl/ secure from corr uption, attack, or violation(or profanation); unassailable; Ex. inviolable oath/ rights; N. inviolability@invocation@/,invou'kein/ prayer for help (used in invoking); calling upon as a reference or support; act of invoking@invoke@/in'v ouk/ call and bring into use (a right or law); call on/upon (a higher power o r god) for help; ask for; beg for; conjure (a spirit); Ex. invoke the veto power ; Ex. invoke one's advisor/God@invulnerable@ incapable of injury; impossible to damage or injure@iota@/ai'out/ very small quantity@irascible@/i'rsibl/ irritable; easily angered@irate@/ai'reit/ angry; CF. ire: anger; wrath@iri descent@/,iri'desnt/ exhibiting rainbowlike colors; Ex. iridescent oil slick; N. iridescence@irksome@/':ksm/ annoying; tedious; V. irk: annoy@ironic@/ai'rnik/ expressing irony; occurring in an unexpected and contrary manner@irony@/'aini/ hidden sarcasm or satire; use of words that seem to mean the opposite of what th ey actually mean; use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning@i rreconcilable@/i'reknsailbl/ impossible to reconcile; incompatible; not able to be resolved@irrefutable@/i'refjutbl/ indisputable; incontrovertible; undeniab le@irrelevant@/i'relivnt/ not applicable; unrelated@irremediable@/,iri'mi: djbl/ incurable; uncorrectable; impossible to remedy@irreparable@/i'reprbl/ not able to be corrected or repaired; impossible to repair@irrepressible@/,iri'p resbl/ unable to be restrained or held back; impossible to hold back@irreproach able@/,iri'proutbl/ beyond reproach; blameless; impeccable; Ex. irreproachab le conduct@irresolute@/i'rezlu:t/ uncertain how to act; weak; lacking in r esolution; indecisive; N. irresolution@irretrievable@/,iri'tri:vbl/ impossib le to recover or regain; CF. retrieve@irreverence@/i'revrns/ lack of proper r espect or reverence; ADJ. irreverent@irrevocable@/i'revkbl/ unalterable; irr eversible; impossible to revoke@isotope@ varying from of an element@isthm

us@/'isms/ narrow neck of land connecting two larger bodies of land@itinera nt@/ai'tinrnt/ wandering; traveling from place to place (to perform work); Ex. itinerant preacher@itinerary@/ai'tinrri/ plan of a trip; record of a trip@jab@/db/ poke abruptly with something sharp; punch with short blows@jabber@/'db/ chatter rapidly or unintelligibly@jaded@/deid/ tired or uninterested by surfeit; fatigu ed; surfeited; worn out; wearied; Ex. jaded appetite@jargon@/'d:gn/ language used by special group; technical terminology; gibberish; nonsensical or incoher ent talk@jaundice@/'d:ndis/ medical condition in which the skin, the white p art of the eyes, etc. turn yellow; V: affect with jaundice; affect with prejudic e, envy, or hostility; bias@jaundiced@null yellowed; prejudiced (envious, h ostile, or resentful) from long and disappointing experience of human affairs; E x. with a jaundiced eye@jaunt@/d:nt/ trip; short journey@jaunty@/'d:nti/ cheerful and pleased with life; lighthearted; animated; easy and carefree; dappe r in appearance; Ex. jaunty person/hat@jeopardize@/'depdaiz/ endanger; imperi l; put at risk; N. jeopardy: danger@jest@/dest/ playful remark or act; V. act or speak playfully@jetsam@/'detsm/ things thrown from a ship (to lighten the ship)@ jettison@/'detisn/ throw overboard (from a ship or plane)@jibe@/daib/ agree; be in harmony with; gibe@jingoist@ extremely aggressive and militan t patriot; warlike chauvinist; N. jingoism: extreme nationalism@jocose@/d'kous/ given to(having a tendency of) joking@jocular@/'dkjul/ said or done in jest or playfully; marked by joking@jocund@/'dknd/ merry@jollity@/'dliti/ gaiety; cheer ness; ADJ. jolly: merry; gay@jostle@/'dsl/ shove; bump; push against (someo ne) rather roughly; Ex. jostled by the crowds@jovial@/'douvjl/ good-natured; me rry; cheerful@jubilation@/,du:bi'lein/ rejoicing; great joy@judiciary@/du:'dilri/ judicial branch of government@judicious@/du:'dil/ sound on judgment; wise@jug@/dg/ pitcher; container for holding liquids@juggernaut@/'dgn:t/ irresistible crushing fo rce; overwhelming advancing force that crushes everything in its path@jumble@/'dmb l/ mix in a confused way@juncture@/'dkt/ crisis; point in time; joining p oint; joint; act of joining@junket@/'dkit/ trip especially one taken for pleasure b y an official at public expense@junta@/'dnt/ group of persons joined in polit ical intrigue; cabal; group of military officers ruling a country after seizing power (by force)@juridical@/du'ridikl/ of the law and its administration; CF. j udicial: of courts of law; CF. judiciary@jurisdiction@/,duris'dikn/ right an d power to apply the law; authority@jurisprudence@/'duris,pru:dns/ science of law@j uxtapose@ place side by side; CF. next@kaleidoscope@/k'laidskoup/ tube in which patterns made by the reflection in mirrors of colored pieces of glass, etc . produce interesting symmetrical effects; series of changing events; Ex. kaleid oscope of European history; CF. beautiful@ken@/ken/ range of knowledge; Ex. beyond one's ken@kernel@ central or vital part; core; whole seed (as of c orn)@killjoy@/'kildi/ grouch; spoilsport; one who intentionally spoils the ple asure of others@kindle@/'kindl/ start a fire; ignite; inspire; arouse@kindred@/' kindrid/ related; belonging to the same group; similar in nature or chara cter; Ex. kindred languages; N: relative; kin; kinship@kinetic@ producing motion ; of motion@kismet@/'kismet/ fate; destiny; Ex. Kismet is the Arabic word for fate.@kleptomaniac@/,kleptou'meinik/ person who has a compulsive desire to st eal@knack@/nk/ special talent; art@knave@/neiv/ untrustworthy person; ro gue; scoundrel; jack; N. knavery@knead@/ni:d/ mix; work dough; mix and work in to a uniform mass (with the hands); Ex. knead dough@kneel@/ni:l/ go down on one's knee(s)@knell@/nel/ tolling of a bell especially to indicate a funer al, disaster, etc.; sound of the funeral bell; V.@knit@/nit/ contract into wr inkles; grow together; join together closely; make (a fabric or garment) by inte rwining yarn or thread; Ex. knit the brow; Ex. The bones should knit together in a few weeks.@knoll@/noul/ little round hill; hillock@knotty@/'nti/ intricat e; difficult; tangled; CF. knot@kudos@/'kju:ds/ honor; glory; acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement@labile@/'leibiit/ likely to change; unstable; Ex. emotionally labile; N. lability@laborious@/l'b:ris/ demanding much work or c are; tedious@labyrinth@/'lbrinq/ maze@lace@/leis/ cord used to draw and ti e together two opposite edges (as of a shoe); delicate fabric made of fine threa ds; V: draw together by tying a lace@laceration@/,ls'rein/ torn ragged wound; V. la cerate: tear (the skin as with broken glass); wound@lachrymose@/'lkrimous/

producing tears; tearful@lackadaisical@/,lk'deizikl/ lacking interest or effo rt; lacking purpose or zest; lazy; halfhearted; languid@lackluster@/'lk,lst/ lacking luster(shine; gloss); dull@laconic@/l'knik/ brief and to the point; using few words; terse@lag@/lg/ move or develop more slowly; straggle; Ex. lag b ehind the rest; N.@laggard@/'lgd/ slow; sluggish; N: one who lags; straggler@lagoo n@/'l'gu:n/ shallow body of water or lake near a sea; lake separated from a sea by sandbars or coral reefs@laity@/'leiiti/ laypersons; laymen; persons not connected with the clergy@lament@/l'ment/ grieve; express sorrow; N. lamen tation@lampoon@/lm'pu:n/ ridicule; N: written attack ridiculing or satirizing a p erson, group, or institution@lance@/l:ns/ pierce with a lance; cut into; N : spearlike weapon@lancet@/'l:nsit/ small surgical tool for making incisions @languid@/'lgwid/ lacking energy or vitality; weary; sluggish; listless@languish@/ 'lgwi/ lose animation or strength@languor@/'lg/ lack of physical or mental en y; lassitude; depression@lank@/lk/ long and thin; Ex. Lank, gaunt, Abraham Lincoln@lap@/lp/ take in food or drink with one's tongue; splash gently; Ex. wave s lapping the shore; N: front area from the waist to the knees of a seated perso n@larceny@/'l:sni/ theft; Ex. petit larceny@larder@/'l:d/ pantry; place wh ere food is kept@largess@/'l:des/ generous gift (given to people who do not have e nough)@lascivious@/l'sivis/ lustful@lassitude@/'lsitju:d/ languor; wearine ss; listlessness@latch@/lt/ fastening or lock consisting of a movable bar th at fits into a notch; V: close with a latch@latent@ present but not yet noti ceable or active; dormant; hidden; N. latency; CF. potential@lateral@ of or co ming from the side@latitude@/'ltitju:d/ freedom from narrow limitations@laud@/l:d / praise; N. ADJ. laudable: praiseworthy; ADJ. laudatory: expressing prais e@lavish@/'lvi/ liberal; wasteful; generous or wasteful in giving or using; abun dant; profuse; great; Ex. decorated lavishly; V. give in abundance@lax@/lks/ careless; negligent; not paying enough attention; Ex. lax service@layman@/'leimn/ man who is not a cleric; man who is nonprofessional@leash@/li:/ restraining rope fastened to the collar of an animal (to control it); Ex. a dog on a leash@leave n@/'levn/ add leaven to; cause to rise or grow lighter; enliven; N: agent, such as yeast, that causes dough to rise (by fermentation); element that lighte ns or enlivens@leave-taking@null farewell or departure@lechery@ gross le wdness; lustfulness; ADJ. lecherous; N. lecher: lecherous man@lectern@/'lekt:n/ reading desk or stand for a public speaker@leery@/'liri/ (of someone) suspicious; wary; cautious@leeway@/'li:wei/ room to move; margin; latitude; Ex. leew ay for the deadline@legacy@/'legsi/ gift made by a will; something handed do wn from an ancestor@legato@ (of music) played smoothly@legend@/'lednd/ explanatory list of symbols on a map@legerdemain@/'ledd'mein/ sleight(dexterit y) of hand; CF. light of hand@legislature@/'ledisleit/ legislating branch of go vernment; CF. legislate: make laws@leniency@/'li:njns/ mildness; permissiveness ; ADJ. lenient: not severe in judgment or punishment@leonine@/'li:nain/ like a l ion@lethal@/'li:ql/ deadly@lethargic@/le'q:dik/ drowsy; dull; N. lethargy: state of sluggishness and inactivity@levee@/'levi/ earthen or stone embankment to p revent flooding; CF. raise@levitate@/'leviteit/ rise and float in the air (espec ially by magical means); CF. light@levity@/'leviti/ lack of seriousness or s teadiness; frivolity; lightness of manner@levy@ impose (a fine); collect (a paym ent); impose or collect (a tax); Ex. levy a tax on tobacco@lewd@/lu:d/ lustful@ lexicographer@/,leksi'kgrf/ compiler of a dictionary; CF. lexicography: work of compiling a dictionary@lexicon@/'leksikn/ dictionary@liability@/,lai'biliti / drawback; handicap; debts; obligation; responsibility; condition of bein g liable; ADJ. liable: likely; responsible (for paying)@liaison@/li:'eiz:/ contact that keeps parties in communication; communication between groups; one t hat maintains communication; go-between; secret love affair; V. liaise: keep a c onnection@libel@/'laibl/ defamatory written statement; act of writing something t hat smears a person's character; V. ADJ. libelous@libertine@/'lib:tain/ debauche d person; dissolute or licentious person; rou\'e; CF. free@libidinous@/li'bidins/ lustful@libido@/li'bi:dou/ psychic and emotional energy or urges behind hum an activity; sexual desire@libretto@/i'bretou/ text of an opera or oratorio; CF . book@license@/'laisns/ official or legal permission; latitude of action or spee ch; excessive freedom that causes harm or damage; V.@licentious@/lai'sens/

amoral; lewd and lascivious; unrestrained@lien@/'lin/ legal claim or right on a property@ligneous@/'lignis/ like wood@lilliputian@ extremely small; CF. Lil liput in Gulliver's Travels@limber@/'limbe/ flexible; supple; pliable; V.@li mbo@/'limbou/ region near heaven or hell where certain souls are kept; prison (slang); Ex. Purgatory and Limbo@limn@/lim/ draw; outline; describe; CF. lin e ?@limp@/limp/ walk lamely; ADJ: lacking firmness; weak@limpid@/'limpid/ crystal clear@lineage@/'liniid/ descent; ancestry@lineaments@ features especia lly of the face; distinctive shape or contour of the face; CF. line@linger@/'lig/ loiter or dawdle; be slow in leaving; delay going; continue or persist; be slow to disappear; Ex. The smell lingered for days.@linguistic@ pertaining to la nguage@lionize@/'lainaiz/ treat (a person) as a celebrity@liquidate@/'likw ideit/ settle accounts; pay off (a debt); clear up; eliminate; kill or abolish@ list@/list/ tilt (as of a ship); lean over (to one side)@listless@/'listlis/ lacking in spirit or energy; languid@litany@/'litni/ supplicatory prayer; pra yer in which the priest calls out and the people replies in the same words@lithe @/lai/ flexible; supple; CF. limber@litigation@/,liti'gein/ lawsuit; N. liti gant: one party in a lawsuit; V. litigate@litotes@/'laitouti:z/ understatement f or emphasis; Ex. ``not bad(=pretty good)''@litter@/'lit/ waste material thrown aw ay (as bits of paper scattered untidily); V: cover untidily with scattered litte r@livid@/'livid/ lead-colored; black and blue (as from a bruise); ashen; enraged; extremely angry@loath@/louq/ reluctant; unwilling; disinclined; Ex. R omeo and Juliet were both loath for him to go.@loathe@/'lou/ detest; ADJ. loa thsome: arousing loathing; offensive; Ex. loathsome smell@lode@/loud/ metal-be aring vein(long deposit of an ore)@loft@/lft/ room or space under the roof; at tic@lofty@/'lfti/ very high@log@ record of a voyage or flight; record of day-to-day activities; section of a trunk; V.@loiter@/'lit/ hang about/aroun d; stand idly about; linger@loll@/ll/ lounge about@longevity@/ln'deviti/ long life; long duration@lookout@/'luk'aut/ act of keeping watch; high place commanding a wide view; person who keeps watch@loom@/lu:m/ appear or take s hape (usually in an enlarged, indistinct, or distorted form); Ex. The shadow of the gallows loomed threateningly. N: apparatus for making thread into cloth@lope @/loup/ gallop slowly@lopsided@/'lp'saidid/ heavier or larger on one side th an the other; Ex. lopsided way of walking@loquacious@/lou'kweis/ talkative; N. lo quacity@lot@ object used in making a determination at random; fate; piece of land@lottery@ contest in which winners are selected in a drawing of lots@loung e@/'laund/ stand, sit, or lie in a lazy, relaxed way@lout@/laut/ clumsy p erson; ADJ. loutish; CF. from countrysides ?@low@ moo; make the sound of a cow@lubricate@/'lu:brikeit/ apply a lubricant to; N. lubricant: substance th at reduces friction@lucid@/'lu:sid/ easily understood; clear; intelligible; N. lucidity@lucrative@/'lu:krtiv/ profitable; producing wealth@lucre@/'lu: k/ money; profit; Ex. filthy lucre@ludicrous@/'lu:dikrs/ laughable; ridic ulous; trifling@lugubrious@/lu:'gju:bris/ mournful; sorrowful@lull@ moment of calm; period of reduced activity; Ex. a lull in the rain; V: cause to become less active; cause to sleep or rest; Ex. lull the opponents into a false sense of security; CF. lullaby@lumber@ move heavily or clumsily; Ex. The bear l umbered through the woods; N: timber@lumen@/'lu:men/ unit of light energy (on e candle's worth)@luminary@ celebrity (in a specific field); dignitary; obje ct that gives light (as a celestial body)@luminous@/'lu:mins/ shining (esp. in the dark); issuing light; Ex. luminous paint/road signs@lunar@ pertaining to th e moon@lunatic@/'lu:ntik/ insane; Ex. lunatic asylum@lurid@/'ljurid/ wild; sensational; graphic; gruesome; horrible; Ex. lurid details of the murder@ lurk@/l:k/ stealthily lie in waiting; slink; exist unperceived@luscious@/'ls/ pleasing to taste or smell; delicious@lush@/l/ (of a plant or grass) growing ve ry well@lust@/'lst/ intense sexual desire; intense eagerness; V.@luster@/'lst/ shine; gloss (of a polished surface)@lustrous@/'lstrs/ shining; brilliant; Ex. lustrous hair@luxuriant@/lg'zjurint/ abundant; growing healthily and in large amounts; excessively ornate; rich and splendid; fertile; Ex. luxuriant forests/ prose; CF. luxurious, luxuriate@luxuriate@/lg'zjurieit/ take pleasure in great c omfort@macabre@/m'k:br/ gruesome; grisly; ghastly; CF. of death@mace@/meis/ ceremonial staff used as a symbol of authority; clublike medieval weapon@macerat

e@/'msreit/ soften by soaking in liquid; waste away; Ex. macerate powdered w ood to make paper@Machiavellian@/,mki'velin/ crafty; double-dealing; of the p olitical doctrine of Machiavelli, which holds that craft and deceit are justifie d in pursuing political power@machinations@null evil schemes or plots; schemes o r plots to achieve an evil end; V. machinate@maculated@/'mkjuleitid/ spotted; stained; CF. immaculate@madrigal@/'mdrigl/ pastoral song; song for several singers without instruments@maelstrom@/'meilstroum/ violent whirlpool; viole nt or tublent situation; CF. stream@magisterial@/,mdis'tiril/ authoritative; i mperious; commanding; of a magistrate; Ex. magisterial study of Roman law; Ex. m agisterial manner@magistrate@/'mdistrit/ official with power to administer the la w@magnanimity@/,mgn'nimiti/ generosity; ADJ. magnanimous: generous@magnate@/ 'mgneit/ person of prominence or influence; powerful or influential person (in bu siness or industry); Ex. oil magnate@magniloquent@/mg'nilkwnt/ boastful; pompou s@magnitude@/'mgnitju:d/ greatness (in size or extent); extent@maim@/meim/ mutilate; injure lastingly; disable; cripple; Ex. maimed for life@makeshift@ temporary expedient or substitute (in the case of urgent need); Ex. makeshift sh elter@maladroit@/'ml'drit/ clumsy; not skillful; awkward; bungling@malady@/'mldi/ illness@malaise@/m'leiz/ uneasiness; vague feeling of ill health (without any par ticular pain or appearance of disease)@malapropism@/'mlprpizm/ comic misuse of a word; CF. Mrs. Malaprop@malapropos@/'ml'prpou/ inappropriate; ADV.@malcontent@/ 'mlkn,tent/ person dissatisfied with existing state of affairs; discontented person; ADJ: discontented@malediction@/,mli'dikn/ curse@malefactor@/'mlifkt/ evildoer; criminal@maleficient@null doing evil; N. maleficience@malevolent@/ m'levlnt/ wishing evil; exhibiting ill will; N. malevolence@malfeasance@/ml'fi:zns/ wrongdoing; misconduct (by a public official)@malicious@/m'lis/ hateful; spitefu l; expressing malice; N. malice: desire to harm others; spite@malign@/m'lain/ speak evil of; bad-mouth(criticize spitefully); defame; ADJ: harmful; Ex. malign influence@malignant@/m'lignnt/ tending to cause death; highly injurious; aggres sively malevolent; Ex. malignant tumor@malingerer@/m'ligr/ one who feigns illness t o escape duty; V. malinger: feign illness to avoid work@malleable@/'mlibl/ (of a metal) capable of being shaped by pounding(beating); pliable; (of someone) impressionable(easily influenced); easily controlled; tractable@malodorous@/m'lo udrs/ foul-smelling@mammal@/'mml/ vertebrate animal whose female suckles i ts young@mammoth@/'mmq/ gigantic; enormous@manacle@/'mnkl/ restrain; handcu ff; N.@mandate@/'mndeit/ order; charge; authoritative command; power to govern an other country; power to given to a government; region under administration; V: g ive a mandate to; place under a mandate; Ex. mandated territory@mandatory@/'mndtri/ obligatory; compulsory; of a mandate@maneuver(manoeuver)@null strategic milita ry or naval movement (done for training purposes); carefully planned process; st ratagem; V: carry out a military maneuver; use maneuvers in gaining an end@mange @/meind/ skin disease (esp. of domestic animals) marked by loss of hair@mangle@/' mgl/ tear or cut to pieces; mutilate or disfigure; Ex. badly mangled bodies@m angy@/'meindi/ shabby; wretched; suffering from mange; of bad appearance@maniac al@/m'naikl/ raging mad; insane; N. maniac: insane person; CF. mania: disorde r of the mind; intense enthusiasm@manifest@/'mnifest/ evident; visible; obviou s; V: show plainly@manifestation@/,mnifes'tein/ outward demonstration; manifesti ng; indication of the presence of something; Ex. manifestation of his pronounced musical bent@manifesto@/,mni'festou/ public declaration of principles; statem ent of policy@manifold@ many in number or kind; numerous; varied@manipulate@/m'ni pjuleit/ operate with one's hands; control or play upon (people, forces, etc.) artfully; maneuver; Ex. how to manipulate publicity and men; ADJ. manipula tive@mannered@/'mnd/ affected; not natural; Ex. mannered way of speech@manner ism@/'mnrizm/ distinctive behavioral trait; affected style in art (according t o a set of styles)@mantle@/'mntl/ loose sleeveless outer garment; cloak; s omething that covers or envelops; the layer of the earth between the crust and t he core@manumit@/,mnju'mit/ emancipate; free from slavery or bondage@mar@/m:/ spoil the appearance of@maraud@/m'r:d/ move in search of plunder; Ex. marauding army@margin@/'m:din/ border; room; allowance beyond what is needed; Ex. margi n of safety@marginal@ of a margin; barely within a limit; Ex. marginal effect/ writing ability@marital@/m'raitl/ pertaining to marriage@maritime@/'mritaim

/ bordering on(adjacent to) the sea; nautical; of the ships or the sea; Ex . Maritime Provinces@marked@/m:kt/ noticeable; targeted for vengeance or at tack; Ex. marked improvement/man@maroon@/m'ru:n/ leave helpless on a deserted isl and or coast; ADJ. red brown@marred@null damaged; disfigured; V. mar: spo il; disfigure@marrow@/'mrou/ soft fatty tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of blood cells@marshal@/'m:l/ put in order; guide ceremoniousl y to the correct place; Ex. marshal the children into the museum; N: military of ficer; official@marsupial@/m:'sju:pjl/ one of a family of mammals that nurse th eir offspring in a pouch(pocket of skin or leather); CF. kangaroo, opossum, womb at@martial@/'m:l/ warlike; of war; Ex. martial art/law@martinet@/,m:ti'net/ strict disciplinarian; person who demands total obedience to rules and orders; C F. Jean Martinet@martyr@/'m:t/ one who voluntarily suffers death for his or her religion or cause; great sufferer; Ex. martyr to his rheumatism@mash@/m/ crush in to mash; convert into mash; N: mixture of ground grain and nutrients fed to live stock and fowl@masochist@/'mzkist/ person who enjoys his own pain; CF. maso chism@mason@/'meisn/ one who builds or works with stone or brick; N. masonry: work of a mason; stonework or brickwork@masquerade@/,msk'reid/ wear a mask or d isguise; pretend; N: costume party or ball at which masks are worn; pretense; di sguise@mass@ Christian religious ceremony; CF. Mass: ceremony of the Eucharis t@masticate@/'mstikeit/ chew@mat@/mt/ not shiny; matte; having a dull finish; N: flat piece of material used as a floor covering; V.@materialism@/m'tirilizm/ preoccupation with physical comforts and things; excessive regard for worldly co ncerns (rather than spiritual matters)@maternal@/m't:nl/ motherly; N. maternity: motherhood@matin\'ee(matinee)@null dramatic or musical performance given in the afternoon@matriarch@/'meitri:k/ woman who rules a family or larger socia l group@matriculate@/m'trikjuleit/ enroll (in college or graduate school); CF. matrix@matrimony@/'mtrimni/ state of being married@matrix@ point of origin; array of numbers or algebraic symbols; mold or die; Ex. the matrix of Western c ivilization@maudlin@/'m:dlin/ effusively sentimental@maul@/m:l/ handle r oughly; batter; injure by beating; Ex. mauled by his overexcited fans; N: heavy long-handled hammer@mausoleum@/,m:s'lim/ monumental tomb; large stately tomb; CF. Mausolos@mauve@/mouv/ pale purple@maverick@ rebel; nonconformist (in a group )@mawkish@/'m:ki/ mushy(sentimental) and gushy; icky-sticky sentimental; excessive ly and objectionably sentimental@maxim@/'mksim/ proverb; truth pithily stated@ma yhem@/'meihem/ injury to body; crime of willfully maiming or crippling a person ; violent disorder; Ex. mayhem in the zoo; CF. maim@meager@/'mi:g/ scanty; inadequate@mealymouthed@/'mi:limaud/ indirect in speech (when something unple asant must be said); hypocritical; evasive@meander@/mi'nd/ wind or turn in its course; follow a winding or turning course; move aimlessly and idly@meddleso me@ interfering; V. meddle: interfere@mediate@/'mi:diit/ settle a dispute through the services of an outsider; act as an intermediary; produce by mediati ng; Ex. mediate a cease-fire@mediocre@/'mi:diouk/ ordinary; commonplace; n either good nor bad@meditation@/,medi'tein/ reflection; thought; V. meditate @medium@/'mi:djm/ element that is a creature's natural environment; nutrie nt setting in which microorganisms are cultivated; appropriate occupation or mea ns of expression; channel of communication; compromise; middle position between extremes; intervening substan@medley@/'medli/ mixture@meek@/mi:k/ submissi ve; patient and long-suffering@megalomania@/'meglou'meinj/ mania for doing grandiose things; mental disorder characterized by delusions of wealth, power, o r importance@melancholy@/,melnkli/ gloomy; morose; blue; N. ADJ. melancholi c; CF. melancholia@melee@null fight@mellifluous@/me'liflunt/ (of words or a v oice) sweetly or smoothly flowing; melodious; having a pleasant tune@memento@/mi 'mentou/ token; reminder of the past; keepsake; Ex. memento of your visit @memoir@/'memw:/ memoirs; autobiography; biography@memorial@/mi'n:ril/ somethin g, such as a monument or holiday, intended to honor the memory of a person or ev ent; ADJ: commemorative@memorialize@/mi'm:rilaiz/ commemorate@menace@/mens/ threat; V: threaten@menagerie@/mi'ndri/ collection of wild animals on exhibition ; zoo@mendacious@/men'deis/ lying; habitually dishonest; N. mendacity@mendic ant@/'mendiknt/ beggar; ADJ: living as a beggar@menial@/'mi:njl/ suitable for vants; lowly; mean; N: someone who does menial work (esp. servant in a house)@me

ntor@/'ment:/ counselor; teacher@mercantile@/'m:kntail/ concerning trade or merc hants@mercenary@/'m:sinri/ motivated solely by money or gain; N.@mercurial@ /m:'kjuril/ capricious; quick and changing; fickle; containing the element m ercury; Ex. mercurial temper; CF. mood@meretricious@/,meri'tris/ flashy; tawdry; attractive on the surface but of no real value; Ex. metericious argument/jewel; CF. prostitute@merger@ combination (of two business corporations); act of mergi ng@merit@/'merit/ deserve; ADJ. meritorious: deserving reward or praise@me smerize@/'mezmraiz/ hypnotize; N. mesmerism; CF. Franz Mesmer@metallurgical@ /,met'l:dik/ pertaining to the art of removing metals from ores; N. metallurg y: science that deals with extracting metals from ores@metamorphosis@/,met'm:fsis/ change of form; Ex. metamorphosis of caterpillar to butterfly; V. metamorphose: change by metamorphosis@metaphor@/'metf/ implied comparison; CF. simile@metaphysi cal@/,met'fizikl/ pertaining to speculative philosophy; of metaphysics; N. metaphy sics: branch of philosophy that examines the nature of reality@mete@/mi:t/ measure; distribute; administer; Ex. mete out justice/punishment@meteoric@/,mi:t i'rik/ like a meteor; swift; momentarily brilliant; Ex. meteoric rise to fame; N. meteor@meter@/'mi:t/ arrangement of words in the form of poetry (by accentual rhythm)@methodical@null systematic; N. method: systematic method of proc edure@meticulous@/mi'tikjuls/ excessively careful (with great attention to det ail); painstaking; scrupulous@metrical@/'metrikl/ metric; written in the f orm of poetry; Ex. metrical translation of Homer@metropolis@/,mi'trplis/ large ci ty@mettle@/'metl/ courage (to continue bravely in spite of difficulties); spirit; ADJ. mettlesome@miasma@/mi'zm/ swamp gas; heavy vaporous atmosphere oft en emanating from decaying matter; pervasive corrupting influence; noxious atmos phere or influence@microcosm@/'maikroukzm/ small representative world; worl d in miniature; Ex. microcosm of English society@migrant@/'maigrnt/ changing its habitat; wandering; Ex. migrant birds/workers; N: one that migrates@migrato ry@/mai'greitri/ wandering; V. migrate: move from one region and settle in anothe r; move periodically from one region to another@milieu@ social environment; mean s of expression; Ex. feel out of one's milieu; Ex. His proper milieu is watercol or.@militant@/'militnt/ combative; bellicose; N.@militate@/'militeit/ work aga inst; Ex. militate against the chances of promotion; CF. serve as a soldier@mili tia@/mi'li/ army composed of ordinary citizens rather than professional sold iers@millennium@/mi'lenim/ thousand-year period (as in the New Testament); hoped-for period of happiness and prosperity@mime@/'maim/ pantomime(act wi thout dialogue); mimicry; mimer; V: mimic; pantomime@mimicry@/'mimikri/ imitatio n@minatory@/mi'neis/ menacing; threatening@mincing@/'minsi/ affectedly daint y(delicate); V. mince: cut (esp. meat) into very small pieces; walk with exagger ated primness; walk in an unnatural way, taking little short steps; Ex. The acto r minced across the stage; CF. mincemeat; CF. mincer@mingle@/'migl/ mix toge ther in close association@miniature@ small model; small painting; ADJ: small@ minion@/'minjn/ servile dependent; obsequious follower@minuscule(miniscule)@null extremely small@minute@// extremely small; CF. minutes: official record of the proceedings at a meeting@minutiae@/mai'nju:ii:/ petty or trivial details ; CF. minutia@mirage@/'mir:/ unreal reflection; optical illusion@mire@/'mai/ entangle; stick in swampy ground; stick or sink in mire; N: bog; deep mud; Ex. s ucked deeper into the mire@mirth@/m:q/ merriment; laughter@misadventure@/'misd'v ent/ mischance; ill luck; Ex. death by misadventure@misanthrope@/'miznqroup/ one who hates mankind; misanthropist@misapprehension@/'mis,pri'henn/ error; m isunderstanding; V. misapprehend@miscellaneous@ made up of a variety of parts@mi scellany@/mi'selni/ mixture of writings on various subjects; collection of v arious items@mischance@/mis't:ns/ ill luck@mischief@/'mistif/ behavior (of chi ldren) causing trouble with no serious harm; damage; harm; Ex. mischief to the c rops; ADJ. mischievous: causing mischief; playfully troublesome@misconduct@/mis' kndkt/ immoral behavior; bad management; V.@misconstrue@/'miskn'stru:/ inter t incorrectly; misinterpret; misjudge@miscreant@/'miskrint/ wretch; wrongdoe r; villain; Ex. kindness to the miscreant; CF. believe@misdemeanor@ minor cr ime; misdeed; wrongdoing@miserly@/'maizli/ stingy; mean@misgivings@null doubts@mishap@/'mishp/ unfortunate accident@misnomer@/'mis'noum/ wrong or improper name; incorrect designation@misogamy@/mi'sgmi/ hatred of marriage@misog

ynist@/mai'sdinist/ hater of woman; CF. misogyny@missile@/'misail/ object t o be thrown or projected@missive@/'misiv/ letter; written statement; CF. s ent@mite@/mait/ very small object or insect-like creature; small coin@mitigate@/ 'mitigeit/ appease; moderate; make or become less in force or intensity@mne monic@ pertaining to memory; assisting the memory; N: device, such as as formul a or rhyme, used as a mnemonic aid@mobile@/'moubail/ movable; not fixed; N. m obility@mock@/mk/ ridicule; deride; imitate often in derision@mode@ prevailing style; current fashion; manner; way of doing something; Ex. in the la test mode; Ex. simple mode of life@modicum@/'mdikm/ limited quantity; small amount; Ex. He does not have a modicum of sense; CF. moderate@modish@ fashiona ble; conforming to the current fashion@modulate@ tone down in intensity; change the intensity or tone of; regulate; change from one musical key to anothe r; Ex. modulate from E to G@mogul@ powerful person; Ex. oil moguls; CF. Mog ol, Moghul; CF. Mongolian@molecule@/'mlikju:l/ the smallest particle (one or mo re atoms) of a substance that has all the properties of that substance@mollify@/ 'mlifai/ soothe an angry person@mollycoddle@ pamper; coddle; baby; indulge ex cessively@molt(moult)@null periodically shed or cast off hairs or feathers (for replacement by a new growth)@molten@/'moultn/ melted; Ex. molten lava@ momentous@/mou'ments/ very important; N. moment; CF. momentary@momentum@/mou'm entm/ quantity of motion of a moving body; impetus; moving force@monarchy@/'mnki / government under a single ruler@monastic@/m'nstik/ related to monks or monasteries; removed from worldly concerns@monetary@/'mnitri/ pertaining to mo ney@mongrel@/'mgrl/ plant or animal (esp. a dog) of mixed breed; ADJ.@monoch romatic@/,mnkrou'mtik/ having only one color@monochrome@/'mnkroum/ painting in only one color; ADJ.@monogram@/'mngrm/ design composed of one or more initials of a name; V.@monograph@/'mngr:f/ scholarly article@monolithic@/,mnou'liqik/ solid uniform; unchangeable; unyielding; N. monolith: large block of stone@monotheism@ /'mnou,qi:izm/ belief in one God@monotony@ sameness leading to boredom; mon otonousness; ADJ. monotonous; CF. monotone@monumental@/,mnju'mentl/ massive; impressively large; built as a monument@moodiness@/'mu:dinis/ fits of depressi on or gloom; ADJ. moody: given to changeable moods; subject to periods of depres sion; gloomy CF. mood: | state of mind or emotion@moratorium@/,mr't:rim/ legal de lay of payment or action; Ex. declare moratorium on the building of new houses@m orbid@/'m:bid/ given to unwholesome or unhealthy thought; moody; characteristic of disease; Ex. morbid curiosity; N. morbidity; CF. disease@mordant@/'m:dnt/ biting; sarcastic; stinging; (apprec.) incisive; cutting; Ex. mordant pen/wit@mo res@ conventions; moral standards; moral customs@morgue@/m:g/ mortuary; place where bodies are kept before burial or cremation@moribund@/'mribnd/ dying; a t the point of death; CF. death@morose@/m'rous/ ill-humored; sullen; sullenly me lancholy@mortar@/'m:t/ vessel in which substances are crushed with a pestle@mor tician@/m:'tin/ undertaker; CF. death@mortify@/'m:tifai/ humiliate by embarass excessively; shame; punish the flesh; discipline (one's body) by self-denial; E x. mortified by her blunder; Ex. mortify the flesh; CF. cause to die@mosaic@ picture made of small colorful inlaid tiles; ADJ.@mote@/mout/ small speck (esp . of dust)@motif@/mou'ti:f/ theme; recurrent thematic element in a musical o r literary work; single or repeated pattern; figure@motility@ ability to move spontaneously; ADJ. motile: moving spontaneously@motley@/'mtli/ multi-colored (a s of a garment worn by a jester); mixed; heterogeneous; CF. jester: one who jest s (as a paid fool at medieval courts)@mottled@/'mtld/ blotched in coloring; sp otted; Ex. mottled face; V. mottle: mark with blotches of different colors@motto @/'mtou/ brief statement used to express a principle@mountebank@/'mauntibk/ charlatan; boastful pretender@muddle@/'mdl/ confuse; mix up confusedly; N: s tate of confusion@muggy@/'mgi/ (of weather) warm and damp@mulct@/mlkt/ defraud a person of something; swindle; Ex. mulct the boy of his legacy@multifarious@/,ml ti'feris/ varied; greatly diversified; Ex. multifarious activities@multiform@/'mlti f:m/ having many forms@multilingual@/'mlti'ligwl/ having many languages; f luent in several languages@multiplicity@/,mlti'plisiti/ state of being numerous or multiple; large number; Ex. multiplicity of details; ADJ. multiple: of more t han one element@mundane@/'mndein/ worldly as opposed to spiritual; everyda y; of the ordinary; Ex. mundane existence; CF. world@munificent@/mju:'nifisnt/

very generous in giving; Ex. munificent benefactor; N. munificience@mural@/'mjurl/ wall painting@murky@/'m:ki/ dark and gloomy; thick with fog; vague; Ex. murk y night/fog; N. murk: partial or complete darkness; gloom@murmur@/'m:m/ low, ind istinct, continuous sound; V. CF. mumble@muse@/mju:z/ ponder at length; N: sou rce of inspiration (esp. of a poet)@musky@/'mski/ having the odor of musk; N. musk: odorous substance secreted by an Asian deer@muster@ gather; assemble (troops); Ex. muster up one's strength for the ordeal; N.@musty@/'msti/ stale (i n odor or taste); spoiled by age; CF. moist@mutablility@null ability to chang e in form; fickleness; ADJ. mutable: able to change; fickle; CF. mutate; CF. mut ant@mute@/mju:t/ silent; without speech; not pronounced; unable to speak; N: one who is incapable of speech; V: soften the sound, color, shade of@muted@n ull silent; muffled; toned down; Ex. muted traffic noise@mutilate@/'mju:tile it/ maim; injure lastingly; deprive of a limb or an essential part@mutinous@ /'mju:tins/ unruly; rebellious; Ex. mutinous teenagers; N. mutiny: open rebe llion; CF. mutineer@mutter@/'mt/ utter (complaining words) indistinctly in low to nes@myopic@/mai'pik/ nearsighted; lacking foresight; N. myopia@myriad@/'mirid/ very large number; ADJ. CF. ten thousand@mystic@/'mistik/ of hidden meanin g and spiritual power; Ex. mystic ceremonies; N. CF. mysticism@nadir@/'neidi/ lowest point; point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite the zenith@na ivet\'e(naivety)@null quality of being unsophisticated; simplicity; artlessnes s; gullibility; ADJ. naive(na\"ive): ingenuous; lacking worldliness; simple; cre dulous@narcissist@/n:'sisist/ conceited person; N. narcissism; CF. narcissus@n arrative@/'nrtiv/ related to telling a story; N: narrated account; story; V. narra te: tell (a story); CF. narration@nascent@/'nsnt/ incipient; coming into b eing or existence; Ex. nascent ability in music@natal@/'neitl/ connected with b irth; CF. prenatal; CF. postnatal@natation@/nei'tein/ swimming@natty@/'nti/ neatly or smartly dressed; dapper; smart; Ex. natty dresser@nausea@/'n:sj/ feeling of sickness and desire to vomit; disgust; CF. seasickness@nauseate@/'n:si eit/ cause to become sick; fill with disgust; fill nausea@nauseous@/'n:sjs/ causing nausea; feeling nausea@nautical@/'n:tikl/ pertaining to ships or navigatio n@navigable@/'nvigbl/ (of a body of water) wide and deep enough to allow ships to pass through; (of a ship or aircraft) able to be steered@nebula@/'nebjul/ diffuse mass of interstellar dust or gas; galaxy@nebulous@/'nebjuls/ vague; h azy; cloudy; of a nebula; Ex. nebulous proposal@necromancy@/'nekroumnsi/ black ma gic; sorcery; dealings with the dead; art that professes to communicate with the spirits of the dead so as to predict the future; CF. necromancer; CF. necro+div ination; CF. necro-: death; Ex. necropolis@nectar@/'nekt/ drink of the god s; sweet liquid collected by bees@nefarious@/ni'feris/ very wicked@negate@/ni'g eit/ cancel out; nullify; cause to have no effect; deny; N. negation@negligen ce@/'neglidns/ neglect; failure to take reasonable care; ADJ. negligent: neglec tful; lax; not taking enough care@negligible@ so small, trifling, or unimporta nt as to be easily disregarded@nemesis@/'nemisis/ someone seeking revenge; source of downfall or ruin; CF. Nemesis@neologism@/ni:'ldizm/ new or newly coi ned word or phrase@neophyte@/'ni:oufait/ recent convert; new member of a religious group; beginner; CF. plant@nepotism@/'neptizm/ favoritism (to a relativ e); CF. nephew@nether@/'ne/ lower; Ex. nether garments/regions@nettle@/'netl / irritate; annoy; vex; ADJ. nettlesome@nexus@/'nekss/ connection@nib@/ nib/ beak(bill); pen point@nicety@/'naisiti/ precision; accuracy; minute dist inction or difference; Ex. to a nicety: exactly; precisely; Ex. distinguish betw een niceties@niggardly@/'nigdli/ meanly stingy; parsimonious; N. niggard: stingy person@niggle@/'nigl/ spend too much time on minor points (esp. when finding f ault); find fault; Ex. niggle over details; ADJ. niggling@nihilist@/'naiilist/ one who considers traditional beliefs to be groundless and existence meaningless ; absolute skeptic; revolutionary terrorist; CF. nihilism: belief that nothing h as meaning or value; belief that destruction of existing political or social ins titutio@nimble@/'nimbl/ quick in movement; agile; quick in understanding; Ex. ni mble climber/mind@nip@/nip/ snip off; stop something's growth or development ; bite; make numb with cold; Ex. nip the plan; Ex. A guard dog nipped the postma n; Ex. fingers nipped by the extreme chill@nirvana@ in Buddhist teachings, t he ideal state in which the individual loses himself in the attainment of an imp

ersonal beatitude@nocturnal@/nk't:nl/ done or active at night; Ex. nocturnal a nimals/raids; CF. nocturne@noisome@/'nism/ foul smelling; very unpleasant; unwholesome@nomadic@/nou'mdik/ wandering; N. nomad: tribe who migrates from pla ce to place@nomenclature@ terminology(system of specialized words); system of names or naming things@nominal@ in name only; of a name; trifling; (of a sum of money) very small; CF. nominate: propose as a candidate; appoint@nonchal ance@/'nnlns/ indifference; lack of concern; composure; ADJ. nonchalant: uncon cerned; cool; indifferent; Ex. nonchalant attitude to his debts@noncommittal@/'nn k'mitl/ neutral; refusing commitment to a particular opinion; unpledged; undecid ed@nondescript@/'nndiskript/ undistinctive; ordinary; ordinary-looking; Ex. n ondescript fellow in a crowd@nonentity@/n'nentiti/ person of no importance; nonexistence@nonplus@/'nn'pls/ put at a loss; bring to a halt by confusion; per plex; CF. no more@nonsense@/'nnsns/ speech or writing with no meaning; fooli sh behavior or language; Ex. make (a) nonsense of: spoil; cause to fail@noose@/n u:s/ loop formed in a rope@nostalgia@/ns'tldi/ homesickness; longing for the pa st; Ex. nostalgia for the clothes of 1920s; ADJ. nostalgic@nostrum@/'nstrm/ questionable medicine; quack medicine; CF. our (remedy)@notable@/'noutbl/ conspicuous; worthy of note; remarkable; important; distinguished; noted@notch@/ nt/ V-shaped cut in a surface; V.@notoriety@/,nout'raiti/ disrepute; ill f ame@nourish@/'nri/ provide with food necessary for life and growth@nourishm ent@/'nrimnt/ something that nourishes; food@nova@/'nouv/ star that sudden ly becomes much brighter and then returns to its original brightness@novelty@/'nvl ti/ something new; newness; ADJ. novel: new; original@novice@/'nvis/ beginner @noxious@/'nks/ harmful; CF. obnoxious@nuance@/nju:':ns/ shade of slight diffe ce in meaning or color; subtle distinction@nubile@/'nju:bil/ marriageable; of marriageable age; CF. connubial@nugatory@/'nju:gtri/ worthless; futile@nullif y@ make invalid; make null; invalidate@numismatist@/nju:'mizmtist/ person w ho collects coins; N. numismatics: study or collection of money, coins, and meda ls@nuptial@/'npl/ related to marriage or the wedding ceremony; N. nuptials: weddin g ceremony@nurse@/n:s/ suckle; take care of (as a nurse); bear in mind; Ex. nur sing mother; Ex. nurse a hope/grudge against someone@nurture@/'n:t/ nourish; feed; educate; rear; care for while it is growing or developing; foster; cultiv ate; N: something that nourishes; rearing@nutrient@/'nju:trint/ nourishing subst ance; ADJ: providing nourishment@nutrition@/nju:'trin/ process of nourishing or being nourished; CF. malnutrition@nutritious@/nju:'tris/ providing nourishment@oa f@/ouf/ stupid awkward person; CF. elf@oath@/ouq/ solemn promise; blasphemous use of sacred words to express strong feelings; swear-word; Ex. ``For Christ's sake' '@oatmeal@/'outmi:l/ crushed oats used for making porridge@obdurate@/'bdjurit/ stubborn; refusing to change one's belief@obeisance@/ou'beisns/ bow (to show res pect and obedience)@obelisk@/'bilisk/ tall column tapering(becoming gradually narrower toward the end) and ending in a pyramid@obese@/ou'bi:s/ excessiv ely fat; N. obesity@obfuscate@/'bfkeit/ confuse; muddle; cause confusion; make n eedlessly complex; make so confused as to be difficult to understand@obituary@/'b itjuri/ death notice (esp. in a newspaper); ADJ.@objective@// not influenced b y emotions; fair; N: goal; aim@obligatory@/'bligtri/ binding; required; compu lsory; V. oblige: constrain; make grateful; do a favor; accommodate@oblique@ indirect; slanting (deviating from the perpendicular or from a straight line); E x. oblique reference@obliterate@/'blitreit/ destroy completely; wipe out; Ex . obliterate the village@oblivion@/'blivin/ obscurity; condition of being co mpletely forgotten; forgetfulness@oblivious@/'blivis/ inattentive or unmindful ; unaware; wholly absorbed; forgetful(having the habit of forgetting)@obloquy@/'b lkwi/ slander; disgrace; infamy@obnoxious@/b'nks/ offensive; disagreeable; Ex. obn oxious smell@obscure@/b'skju/ dark; vague; unclear; not well known; Ex. obscur e meaning/village; V: darken; cover; make unclear; Ex. obscure the moon/meaning@ obsequious@/b'si:kwis/ slavishly attentive; servile; full of servile compliance ; sycophantic@obsequy@null funeral ceremony@obsessive@/b'sesiv/ related to thinking about something constantly; of an obsession; preoccupying; N. obsess ion: compulsive preoccupation with a fixed idea; compulsive idea; V. obsess: pre occupy the mind of excessively@obsidian@/b'sidin/ black volcanic rock@obsolete@/'bsl i:t/ outmoded; no longer used@obstetrician@/,bste'trin/ physician specia

lizing in delivery(assisting in giving birth) of babies; N. obstetrics; CF. midw ife@obstinate@/'bstinit/ stubborn; hard to control or treat; Ex. obstinate cough; N. obstinacy@obstreperous@/b'streprs/ boisterous; noisy and uncontrollable@obt rude@/b'tru:d/ push (oneself or one's ideas) forward or intrude; impose (onesel f or one's ideas) on others; butt in; stick out or extrude; thrust out; Ex. obtr ude A on B; ADJ. obtrusive; N. obtrusion; CF. unobtrusive@obtuse@/b'tju:s/ blunt; not sharp; stupid; slow in understanding@obviate@/'bvieit/ make unn ecessary; get rid of; Ex. obviate the need@Occident@/'ksidnt/ the West@occlude @/'klu:d/ shut; close; obstruct; Ex. A blood clot occluded an artery.@occu lt@/'klt/ mysterious; secret; supernatural; beyond human comprehension; CF. myster ious to human ?; OP. bare@oculist@/'kjulist/ physician who specializes in tre atment of the eyes@odds@ chances; probability; disagreement; Ex. The odds are that it will rain. Ex. at odds with@odious@/'oudjs/ arousing strong dislike; hateful(causing hatred); vile@odium@/'oudjm/ detestation; quality of being od ious; hatefulness; disrepute (resulting from hateful conduct)@odoriferous@/,ouid' rifrs/ giving off an odor@odorous@/'oudrs/ having an odor@odyssey@/'disi/ long, eventful, adventurous journey@offensive@/'fensiv/ attacking; insulting; di stasteful; V. offend: violate; hurt the feelings of; N. offense: offending; viol ating of a moral or social code; crime; attack; Ex. first offense@offhand@ casual; done without prior thought or preparation@officious@/'fis/ meddlesome; exce ssively pushy in offering one's services; overly eager in offering unwanted serv ices or advices; Ex. officious bellboy@ogle@/'ougl/ look at amorously; make eyes at; Ex. old men ogling young girls@olfactory@/l'fktri/ concerning the s ense of smell@oligarchy@/'lig:ki/ government by a privileged few@ominous@/'mins/ threatening; of an evil omen@omnipotent@/m'niptnt/ all-powerful; having unlimited p ower@omnipresent@/'mni'preznt/ universally present; ubiquitous@omniscient@/m'nis int/ all-knowing@omnivorous@/m'nivrs/ eating both plant and animal food; devou ring everything@onerous@/'nrs/ burdensome@onomatopoeia@/,noumtou'etik/ words rmed in imitation of natural sounds@onslaught@/'nsl:t/ vicious assault; fierce attack; Ex. unexpected onslaught of the enemy@onus@/'ouns/ burden; responsi bility@ooze@/u:z/ (of a thick liquid) pass or flow slowly; N: mud or thick liquid as at the bottom of a river@opalescent@/,oup'lesnt/ iridescent; lust rous; like an opal; N. opalescence@opaque@/ou'peik/ dark; not transparent; N . opacity@opiate@/'oupiit/ medicine to induce sleep or deaden pain; somethi ng that relieves emotions or causes inaction; sleep-producing drug containing op ium@opportune@/'ptju:n/ timely; well-chosen@opportunist@/'ptju:nist/ individu al who sacrifices principles for expediency by taking advantage of circumstances ; N. opportunism@opprobrium@/'proubrim/ infamy; disgrace arising from shameful c onduct; vilification(slander); scorn; contempt; Ex. opprobrium hurled against hi m; ADJ. opprobrious: expressing contempt; shameful or infamous@optician@/p'tin/ maker and seller of eyeglasses@optimist@/'ptimist/ person who looks on the bright side; N. optimism@optimum@/'ptimm/ most favorable; optimal; N: most favorab le condition@optional@/'pnl/ not compulsory; left to one's choice; N. option: act of choosing; choice; freedom or power to choose; something available as a c hoice; Ex. have no option; Ex. two options@optometrist@/p'tmitrist/ one who fits glasses to remedy visual defects@opulence@/'pjulns/ extreme wealth; luxuriou sness; abundance; ADJ. opulent: possessing great wealth; abundant@opus@/'oups/ work (esp. musical composition); Ex. magnum opus: masterpiece; CF. opera@oracula r@/'rkjul/ of an oracle; prophetic; uttered as if with divine authority; mysterious or ambiguous; hard to understand; N. oracle: wiser person; prophecy made by an oracle@orator@/'rt/ public speaker@oratorio@/,r't:riou/ dramatic poem se t to music; long musical work with singing but without acting; CF. cantata@ordai n@/:'dein/ decree or command; grant holy orders; predestine; install as a m inister, priest, or rabbi; N. ordainment; CF. ordination@ordeal@/':di:l/ severe t rial or affliction; difficult experience; trial(test of patience or endurance); affliction@ordinance@/':dinns/ decree; authoritative order@ordination@/,:di'nein/ ceremony conferring holy orders; ceremony of ordaining a priest@orgy@/':di/ wild drunken revelry; unrestrained indulgence in an activity; Ex. orgy of shoppi ng@orient@/':rint/ get one's bearings; adjust; make familiar with a situati on; orientate@orientation@/,:fien'tein/ act of finding oneself in society; orien

ting@orifice@ mouthlike opening; small opening (esp. to a cavern or passage of the body); CF. mouth@ornate@/:'neit/ excessively or elaborately decorated@orn ithologist@/,:ni'qldist/ scientific student of birds; N. ornithology: scientific study of birds@orthodox@/':qdks/ traditional; (of someone) conservative in belief ; adhering to an established doctrine@orthography@/:'qgrfi/ correct spelling; CF. or tho-: straight; correct; Ex. orthodontics@oscillate@/'sileit/ vibrate pendulum like; waver@osseous@/'sis/ made of bone; bony@ossify@/'sifai/ change o r harden into bone; become hard and unchanging in one's ideas@ostensible@/s'tensbl / apparent; appearing as such; professed(pretended); pretended; Ex. ostens ible purpose of the expedition@ostentatious@/,sten'teis/ showy; trying to attract attention; pretentious; N. ostentation: showy display@ostracize@/'strsaiz/ banish from a group; exclude from public favor; ban; Ex. His friends ostracized him. N. ostracism@oust@/aust/ expel; drive out; force out; N. ouster: ousting@ outcast@/'autk:st/ one that has been excluded from a society; ADJ.@outfit@/ 'autfit/ clothing or equipment for a special purpose; Ex. cowboy outfit@o utgoing@/'aut,goui/ sociable; eager to mix socially with others@outlandish@/ aut'lndi/ bizzare; peculiar; unconventional@outlaw@/'autl:/ fugitive from th e law (excluded from legal protection); V: declare (someone) to be an outlaw; de prive of the protection of the law; declare illegal; Ex. Drinking has been outla wed.@outlook@/'autluk/ point of view; view from a particular place; expectation for the future; prospect; Ex. outlook on life; Ex. pleasing outlook; Ex. weathe r outlook@outmoded@/'aut'moudid/ no longer in fashion or use; no longer s tylish; old-fashioned@outrage@/'autreid/ act of extreme violence or viciousness; resentful anger; V: commit an outrage on; produce anger in; ADJ. outrageous: off ensive@outskirts@/'autsk:ts/ fringes; outer borders (as of a city); Ex. outsk irts of Boston@outspoken@/aut'spoukn/ candid; blunt@outstrip@/aut'strip/ outrun; surpass; outdo@outwit@/aut'wind/ outsmart; defeat by behaving mor e cleverly@ovation@/ou'vein/ enthusiastic applause@overbearing@/,ouv'beri/ bossy; domineering and arrogant; decisively important; Ex. overbearing manner/im portance; V. overbear: dominate@overblown@/'ouv'bloun/ inflated; exaggerated@ov ersee@/'ouv'si:/ watch over and direct; supervise; N. oversight: unintentional fa ilure to notice or do something; supervision@overt@/'ouv:t/ open to view; pu blic; not secret; CF. covert@overthrow@/'ouvqrou/ topple; N.@overture@/'ouvtju/ musical introduction to a long musical piece; first offer or proposal (to begin talks in the hope of reaching an agreement); Ex. overtures for peace@overturn@/' ouvt:n/ turn over; capsize; topple@overweening@/,ouv'wi:ni/ arrogant; presum ptuous@overwhelm@/,ouv'welm/ (of water) cover completely; defeat completely b y much greater force; Ex. overwhelmed by grief@overwrought@/'ouv'r:t/ nervous or excited; extremely agitated; hysterical; wrought-up; CF. wrought: made or don e@ovoid@/'ouvid/ egg-shaped; CF. ovum; CF. ovulate@pachyderm@/'pkid:m/ thick-sk inned animal@pacifist@/p'sifisist/ one opposed to force; antimilitarist; AD J. N. pacifism: opposition to war as a means of resolving disputes@pacify@/'psifa i/ soothe; make calm or quiet; subdue; bring peace to@padre@/'p:dri/ chaplain (in the armed forces)@paean@/'pi:n/ song of praise or joy; Ex. paean s celebrating the victory@painstaking@/'peinz,teiki/ taking pains; showing ha rd work; taking great care; very careful and through@palatable@/'pltbl/ agreeabl e; pleasing to the taste@palate@/'pltl/ roof of the mouth; sense of the taste@pa latial@/p'leil/ of or suitable for a palace; magnificent@paleontology@ study of prehistoric life or fossils; CF. paleo-: ancient or prehistoric; Ex. paleograph y: study of ancient written documents@palette@/'plit/ board on which painter m ixes pigments(coloring matters)@palimpsest@/'plimpsest/ parchment or piece of wr iting material used for second time after original writing has been erased@pall@ /p:l/ become boring; grow tiresome@pallet@/'plit/ small poor bed; Ex. stra w pallet@palliate@/'plieit/ ease pain (without curing); make less severe or offensive (a crime or illness)@pallid@/'plid/ pale; wan; Ex. pallid complexion @palm@/p:m/ conceal in the palm of the hand; palm off: pass off; Ex. palm of f some bad oranges onto the lady/the painting as a real Renoir@palpable@/'plpbl/ tangible; (of something bad) easily perceptible; obvious; Ex. palpable blunder@p alpitate@/'plpiteit/ throb; beat rapidly; flutter; tremble; Ex. Her heart beg an to palpitate.@paltry@/'p:ltri/ insignificant; petty; trifling; contempt

ible; Ex. paltry sum; CF. trash@pan@/pn - p:n/ criticize harshly@panacea@/,pn'si/ cure-all; remedy for all diseases@panache@/p'n/ flair; manner of doing things wi thout any difficulty (causing admiration); flamboyance; bunch of feathers (on a helmet); Ex. with great panache;@pandemic@/pn'demik/ widespread; affecting th e majority of people; N: pandemic disease; CF. all people@Pandemonium@/,pndi'moun jm/ wild tumult(commotion); wild noisy disorder; CF. Paradise Lost@pander@/' pnd/ cater to (the low desires of others)@panegyric@/,pni'dirik/ formal p raise; encomium; Ex. I don't deserve such panegyrics.@pang@/p/ sudden sharp fee ling of pain@panoramic@/,pn'rmik/ denoting an unobstructed and comprehensive view; N. panorama: unbroken view of a wide area@pantomime@/'pntmaim/ acting without d ialogue; V.@papyrus@/p'pairai/ ancient paper made from stem of papyrus plant@pa rable@/'prbl/ short simple story teaching a moral@paradigm@ model; example t hat serves as a model; pattern; list of all the inflectional forms of a word@par adox@/'prdks/ something apparently contradictory in nature (that may nonethele ss be true); statement that looks false but is actually correct@paragon@/'prgn/ model of perfection; Ex. paragon of virtue@parallel@// similar; analogous; corr esponding; N: parallel line; person or thing that is parallel (to another); simi larity; Ex. know of no parallel to the case; Ex. without parallel; V: be similar to; make parallel; Ex. Your experience parallels mine; CF. unp@parallelism@/'prle lizm/ state of being parallel; similarity; analogy@parameter@/p'rmit/ limit; i ndependent variable; Ex. parameters of the problem; Ex. within the parameters of the budget@paramount@/'prmaunt/ foremost in importance; supreme; CF. para-: beyo nd; above; Ex. paranormal@paramour@/'prmu/ illicit lover@paranoia@/,pr'ni:/ psych s marked by delusions of grandeur or persecution; N: ADJ: paranoid, paranoiac@pa raphernalia@/,prf'neilj/ equipment; odds and ends used in a particular activity; personal belongings; Ex. photographic paraphernalia; CF. married woman's propert y exclusive of her dowry@paraphrase@/'prfreiz/ restate a passage in one's own w ords while retaining thought of author; N: restatement of a text in other words@ parasite@ animal or plant living on another; toady; sycophant; CF. para-: beside@parched@null extremely dry; very thirsty; V. parch: make or become ex tremely dry (by exposure to heat)@parchment@/'p:tmnt/ writing material made fr om the skin of a sheep or goat@pare@/pe/ cut away the outer covering or skin of ( with a knife); trim; Ex. pare apples/expenses@pariah@/'pri/ social outcast; Ex. Mariah the pariah@parish@/'pri/ area in the care of a single priest and served by one main church@parity@ equality; close resemblance; CF. dispara te@parlance@/'p:lns/ language; manner of speaking; idiom; Ex. in legal/common parlance@parley@/'p:li/ conference (between opponents); CF. speak@parochial@/p'ro ukjl/ narrow in scope or outlook; provincial; related to parishes@parody@/'prdi/ humorous imitation; spoof; takeoff; travesty; V.@paroxysm@/'prksizm/ fit or a ttack of pain, laughter, rage; sudden outburst@parquet@/'p:kei/ floor made of wo od strips inlaid in a mosaic like matter; CF. strip: long narrow piece@parry@/'pr i/ ward off a blow; deflect; Ex. He parried the unwelcome question very ski llfully; N.@parsimony@/'p:simni/ stinginess; excessive frugality; ADJ. parsimonio us@partial@/'p:l/ incomplete; favoring one side over another; having a liking for something@partiality@/,p:i'liti/ state of being partial; inclination; favorable b ias; special fondness; preference@partisan@/,p:ti'zn/ one-sided; prejudiced; c ommitted to a party (with dislike of any others); N: strong supporter of a party ; guerrilla@partition@ divide into parts@parvenu@/'p:vnju:/ upstart; newly r ich person@pass\'e@null old-fashioned; past the prime@pass_off@null present falsely; represent falsely to be@passive@/'psiv/ not active; acted upon; receivin g an action without acting in return; accepting without resistance@paste@/peist/ smooth viscous mixture as of flour(powder made by crushing grain) and water (use d as an adhesive); V: cause to adhere by applying paste@pastiche@/p:s'tittou/ imitation of another's style in musical composition or in writing; work of art o penly imitating the works of other artists@pastoral@/'p:st/ rural; of rural life; idyllic; of a pastor@pastry@/'peistri/ paste of flour and water (eaten when baked)@patent@/'peitnt/ obvious; easily seen; open for the public to rea d; of or protected by a patent; Ex. patent to everyone; N.@pathetic@/p'qetik/ causing sadness, compassion, pity; touching@pathological@/,pq'ldik/ pertaining to di sease; N. pathology: study of disease@pathos@/'peiqs/ tender sorrow; pity; qua

lity in art or literature that produces these feelings; Ex. pathos that runs thr ough the novel@patina@/'ptin/ green crust on old bronze works or copper; tone slowly taken by varnished painting@patois@/'ptw:/ local or provincial dialect@patr iarch@/'peitri:k/ father and ruler of a family or tribe@patrician@/p'trin/ noble; aristocratic; N: person of high rank; aristocrat; CF. member of the gover ning classes in ancient Rome; CF. plebian@patrimony@/'ptrimni/ property inherit ed from a father@patronize@/'ptrnaiz/ support; act superior toward; treat in a condescending manner; be a customer of; N. patron: one that supports; regular c ustomer; N. patronage; CF. boycott@paucity@/'p:siti/ scarcity; dearth@pauper@ /'p:p/ very poor person@peccadillo@/,pek'dilou/ slight offense or fault; CF. @pecuniary@/pi'kju:njri/ pertaining to money@pedagogue@/'pedgg/ teacher; CF. ld leader@pedagogy@ teaching; art of education@pedant@/'dednt/ scholar who overemphasizes book learning, trivial details of learning, or technicalities @pedantic@/pi'dntik/ bookish; showing off learning; marked by an excessive os tentatious concern for book learning; N. pedantry@peddle@/'pedl/ travel a bout selling (wares); CF. foot@pedestal@/'pedistl/ support or base as for a pillar or statue@pedestrian@/pi'destrin/ ordinary; dull; unimaginative(la cking in imagination); going on foot; Ex. pedestrian prose; N.@pediatrician@ physician specializing in children's diseases; N. pediatrics@pedigree@/'pedigri: / ancestry; lineage@peer@/pi/ one who has equal standing with another; nobleman; V: look intently; N. peerage; CF. peeress@peerless@/'pilis/ having n o equal; incomparable@peevish@/'pi:vi/ bad-tempered; irritable; V. peeve: make angry@pejorative@/'pi:drtiv/ (of a word or phrase) suggesting that someone is of little value; negative in connotation; having a belittling effect; Ex. Many women now considers ``housewife'' a pejorative expression, because it patronized them.@pell-mell@null in confusion; disorderly; Ex. dash pell-mell@pellucid@/p e'lju:sid/ transparent; limpid(crystal clear); clear in meaning; easy to un derstand@pen@/pen/ fenced enclosure for animals; confining space; Ex. sheep pen; V: confine in a pen; enclose@penance@/'penns/ self-imposed punishment for sin; Ex. do penance for one's sins; CF. penitent@penchant@/'p::/ strong inclin on; strong liking (esp. for something that is disapproved of by other people); E x. penchant for fast cars@pendant(pendent)@null hanging down from something; pen ding; N: ornament (hanging from a necklace etc.)@pending@/'pendi/ not yet decided or settled; impending; Ex. pending decision; PREP. while awaiting; until ; Ex. delay the decision pending his return@pendulous@/'pendjuls/ hanging; suspended@penetrate@/'penitreit/ enter into; pierce; permeate; see throug h; grasp the inner significance of; understand@penitent@/'penitnt/ repentan t; N.@penology@/pi:'nldi/ study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation@p ensive@/'pensiv/ dreamily or deeply thoughtful; sadly thoughtful; thought ful with a hint of sadness; contemplative; CF. think over@penumbra@ partial shadow (in an eclipse); CF. almost shadow@penury@/'penjuri/ extreme poverty; stinginess; ADJ. penurious: very poor; stingy@peon@/'pi:n/ landless agricul tural worker; bond servant; menial worker; N. peonage@perceptive@/p'septiv/ insightful; showing a good ability at perceiving and understanding; aware; wise; of perception@percussion@/p:'kn/ striking one object against another sharply; Ex. percussion instrument; N: striking together of two bodies; sound caused by perc ussion@perdition@/p:'din/ damnation; complete ruin; hell@peregrination@/,perigri'n ein/ journey; V. peregrinate@peremptory@/p'remptri/ demanding and leaving no choice; imperative; Ex. peremptory decree/knock@perennial@/p'renjl/ somethin g long-lasting; perennial plant; ADJ: lasting through the year or many years; la sting for a long time; enduring@perfidious@/p:'fidis/ treacherous; disloyal; N . perfidy: treachery@perforate@ pierce; put a hole through@perfunctory@/p'fktri/ done routinely and with little care; superficial; not thorough; lacking interest , care, or enthusiasm; Ex. perfunctory kiss@perigee@ point of moon's orbit wh en it is nearest the earth; CF. apogee@perimeter@/p'rimit/ outer boundary; length of the outer boundary; circumference@peripatetic@/,perip'tetik/ walking about from place to place (to work); moving; Ex. peripatetic school of philosoph y@peripheral@/p'rifrl/ of a periphery; marginal; outer; of minor importance; no t central; Ex. peripheral nerve/interest@periphery@ outside edge especially of a round surface; perimeter; Ex. periphery of the town@perjury@/'p:dri/ false te

stimony while under oath; V. perjure oneself: testify falsely under oath@permeab le@/'p:mjbl/ that can be permeated; penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or g as to pass through; V. permeate: spread or flow throughout; charge@permissive@/p' misiv/ allowing much freedom; lenient; Ex. permissive society@pernicious@/p:'nis/ very harmful; deadly; very destructive; Ex. pernicious effect/anemia@peroration@ conclusion of an oration; perorating; V. perorate: conclude a speech; speak at g reat length@perpetrate@/'p:pitreit/ commit an offense; do (something wrong)@ perpetual@ everlasting@perpetuate@/p'petjueit/ make perpetual; make som ething last for a long time; preserve from extinction; N. perpetuity@perquisite( perk)@null any gain above stipulated salary; Ex. perquisites such as free m eals and a car@persevere@/,p:si'vi/ continue steadily in spite of difficulti es@persist@/p'sist/ continue in existence; last; continue in a course of act ion in spite of opposition; Ex. persist in/with something; ADJ. persistent@perso nable@/p:'snbl/ attractive (in personality or appearance)@personify@ represen t (an inanimate object) as a person; be the embodiment or perfect example of; Ex . She is evil/patience personified; N. personification@perspicacious@/,p:spi'keis/ (of someone) having insight; penetrating; astute@perspicuity@/,p:spi'kju:iti/ clearness of expression; freedom from ambiguity@perspicuous@/p'spikjus/ (of some thing) plainly expressed; easy to understand; Ex. perspicuous comments@pert@/p:t/ (esp. of a girl or young woman) impertinent; forward; trim; jaunty; Ex. pert you ng miss/hat@pertinacious@ holding tenaciously to an action; stubborn; pers istent@pertinent@/'p:tinnt/ suitable; to the point; relevant@perturb@/p't:b/ disturb greatly@peruse@/p'ru:z/ read through with care; N. perusal@pervasive@/p:' veisiv/ spread throughout; V. pervade: (of smells, ideas, feelings) spread throu ghout; charge; permeate@perverse@/p'v:s/ purposely continuing to do something wro ng; stubbornly wrongheaded; perverted; directed away from what is right; wicked and unacceptable; Ex. perverse satisfaction; Ex. Hannibal Lecter in a perverse m ood; N. perversity@perversion@/p'v:n/ corruption; turning from right to wrong@ pervert@/'p:v:t/ corrupt; turn from right to wrong; misuse; Ex. perverted sexual desire/scientific knowledge; N: person whose sexual behavior is not natural@pess imism@/'pesimizm/ belief that life is basically bad or evil; gloominess; t endency to take the gloomiest possible view of a situation; ADJ. pessimistic@pes tilential(pestilent)@null causing plague; tending to cause death; baneful; N. pestilence: fatal epidemic disease (esp. bubonic plague)@pestle@/'pesl/ tool for mashing or grinding substances in a hard bowl or mortar@petrify@/'petri fai/ turn to stone; cause to become stonelike; stun or paralyze@petty@/'peti/ trivial; unimportant; very small; small-minded; petty-minded@petulant@/'petjulnt/ touchy; peevish; ill-tempered@phalanx@/'flks/ formation of infantry carrying o verlapping shields and long spears; group of men packed together (for attack or defense)@pharisaical@/,fri'seiik/ pertaining to the Pharisees, who paid sc rupulous attention to tradition; self-righteous; hypocritical@pharisee@/'frisi:/ Pharisee: member of an ancient Jewish group that emphasized strict observance of the Mosaic law (considering themselves very holy); hypocritical self-righteous person@phenomena@ observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation; SG. phenomenon: observable fact; very unusual person, thing, or event; marvel; w onder; CF. phenomenons; ADJ. phenomenal: very unusual; extraordinary; of a pheno menon; Ex. phenomenal strength@philanderer@/fi'lndr/ faithless lover; flirt@p hilanthropist@/fi'lnqrpist/ lover of mankind; doer of good; N. philanthropy@philatel ist@/fi'ltlist/ stamp-collector; N. philately: stamp collecting@Philistine@/'fil istain/ narrow-minded person, uncultured and exclusively interested in material gain; uncultured person who is indifferent to artistic and cultural values; memb er of an ancient people in Palestine; OP. aesthete@philology@/fi'lldi/ study of language or words@phlegmatic@/fleg'mtik/ calm and unexcitable; not easily disturbed; CF. phlegm: sticky mucus produced in the respiratory tract@phobia@/' floubi/ morbid fear@phoenix@/fi'niks/ symbol of immortality or rebirth; Ex. ph oenix rising from its ashes@phylum@/'failm/ major classification, second to kingdom, of plants and animals; category ranking below a kingdom and above a cla ss; division@physiognomy@/,fizi'nmi/ face (as showing the character and the m ind); art of judging human character from facial features@physiological@/,fizi'ldik / pertaining to the science of the function of living organisms; N. physio

logy@piebald@/'paib:ld/ of different colors; mottled; spotted in different color s (esp. in black and white); Ex. piebald horse; CF. pie+bald@piecemeal@ one part at a time; gradually; in stages; Ex. read a novel piecemeal@pied@/paid/ piebald; variegated(many-colored); multicolored@piety@/'paiti/ devoutness; reve rence for God; ADJ. pious@pigment@/'pigmnt/ coloring matter (usually powder to be mixed with water or oil)@pilfer@/'pilf/ steal things of small value; fil ch; snitch@pillage@/'pilid/ plunder@pillory@/'pilri/ punish by placing in a w ooden frame or pillory; subject or expose to criticism and ridicule; N.@pinch@/p int/ squeeze between the thumb and a finger, or other edges; Ex. I had to pin ch myself to make sure I wasn't dreaming. N: amount that can be held between the thumb and a finger@pine@/pain/ long for; yearn; languish from longing or grief; decline@pinion@/'pinjn/ restrain or immobilize by binding the wings or legs; N: bird's wing@pinnace@/'pinis/ small boat@pinnacle@/'pinkl/ peak; highest po int; acme; Ex. pinnacle of fame@pious@/'pais/ devout; religious; N. piety@piqu ant@/'pi:knt/ pleasantly tart-tasting; spicy; pleasantly stimulating; Ex. piqu ant situation when my old enemy asked for my help@pique@/pi:k/ irritation; rese ntment from wounded pride (eg. loss in a contest); V: provoke; arouse; annoy; ca use to feel resentment; Ex. pique her curiosity@piscatorial@/,pisk'touil/ pertaini ng to fishing; CF. Pisces@pitfall@/'pitf:l/ hidden danger; concealed trap@pi th@/piq/ core or marrow; spongelike substance in the center of stems; essence; su bstance@pithy@/'piqi/ concise and meaningful; substantial; meaty@pittance@/'pi tns/ small amount (of money); small allowance or wage@pivotal@ of a piv ot; central; critical; crucial@placate@/pl'keit/ pacify; bring peace to; concilia te; appease@placebo@/pl'si:bou/ harmless substance prescribed as a dummy pill@pl acid@/'plsid/ peaceful; calm; Ex. placid child/lake@plagiarize@/'pleidjraiz/ steal another's ideas or writings and pass them off as one's own; Ex. ideas plag iarized from my article; N. plagiarism; CF. kidnap@plaintive@/'pleintiv/ expressing sorrow; mournful; Ex. plaintive song@plait@/plt/ braid; interwine ; interweave strands or lengths of; make by weaving strands together; Ex. plaite d hair; N: braided length as of hair o fabric; CF. pigtail, ponytail@plane@// carpenter's tool for smoothing and leveling wood; V. CF. flat@plaster@/'pl:st/ paste that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls; V.@plasticit y@ ability to be molded; ADJ. plastic: capable of being shaped or molded; E x. plastic material such as clay@platitude@/'pltitju:d/ trite remark; commonplac e statement; ADJ. platitudinous@platonic@/pl'tnik/ purely spiritual; theore tical; without sensual desire@plaudit@/'pl:dit/ praise; enthusiastic approval; r ound(succession or series) of applause; ADJ. plauditory; CF. applaud@plausible@ conceivably true; having a show of truth but open to doubt; specious@plebeian@/p li'bi:n/ common; vulgar; pertaining to the common people; N: common people in anc ient Rome; CF. patrician@plebiscite@/'plebisit/ direct vote by the entire electo rate (on an important issue)@plenary@/'pli:nri/ (of power) complete; full; fully attended by all qualified members; Ex. plenary power@plenitude@/'plenitju:d/ abundance; plenty; great amount; completeness; fullness; CF. plenary, plenty@ple thora@/'pleqr/ excess; overabundance; Ex. a plethora of excuses@pliable@/'plaibl / flexible; easily influenced; yielding; adaptable@pliant@/'plaibl/ flexible; easily influenced@plight@/plait/ difficult condition; condition o r state (esp. a bad state or condition); predicament@ploy@/pli/ strategem to gai n an advantage; tactic; Ex. management ploy@pluck@/plk/ courage; V: pull off or out; pull out the hair or feathers of; ADJ. plucky: courageous; brave@plumage@/' plu:mid/ feathers of a bird;@plumb@/plm/ exactly vertical; N: weight on the en f a line; V: examine very carefully or critically in order to understand; measur e depth (by sounding); Ex. plumb the depth of@plumber@/'plm/ one who installs and repairs pipes and plumbing(pipes)@plume@/plu:m/ feather, esp. large or s howy one; something that rises into the air (like the shape of a feather); Ex. p @plummet@/'plmit/ fall sharply; fall straight down; Ex. Stock p lume of smoke: es plummeted.@plump@/plmp/ pleasantly fat; nicely rounded@plutocracy@/plu:' tkrsi/ society ruled by the wealthy@podiatrist@ doctor who treats ailmen ts of the feet; chiropodist; N. podiatrics@podium@/'poudim/ pedestal; raised platform@poignancy@/'pinnsi/ quality of being deeply moving; keenness of emot ion; ADJ. poignant: touching; deeply moving; (of sorrow, grief, etc.) painful; k

eenly distressing to the mind; Ex. poignant memory/anxiety; CF. prick@poise@/piz/ good judgment with composure; balance; V: place in a carefully balanced position @polar@/'poul/ of a pole; characterized by opposite extremes; Ex. polar opposit es@polarity@ state of having two opposite qualities@polarize@/'poulraiz/ split into opposite extremes or camps@polemic@/p'lemik/ attack or defense of an opinion; controversy or refutation; argument in support of point of view; N. pol emics: art of debate or controversy@polemical(polemic)@null aggressive in ve rbal attack; disputatious (rather than simply expressing opinions)@politic@/'plit ik/ prudent; judicious; well judged; expedient; well devised@polity@/'pliti/ (particular form of) political organization; form of government of nation or sta te; Ex. student polity@polygamist@/p'ligmist/ one who has more than one spouse at a time; CF. bigamy; CF. polyandry@polyglot@/'pliglt/ speaking several languag es; multilingual; Ex. polyglot person/society; N.@pomposity@/'pm'psiti/ self-imp ortant behavior; acting like a stuffed shirt(pompous person); ADJ. pompous: self -important@ponderous@/'pndrs/ having great weight; weighty; unwieldy; lacking lightness; dull; Ex. ponderous body/style of writing@pontifical@/pn'tifikl/ pertaining to a bishop or pope; pompous or pretentious; CF. pontiff: pope; bisho p@pore@/p:/ study industriously; ponder; scrutinize; Ex. pore over the book; N.@porous@ full of pores; like a sieve@porridge@/'prid/ soft food made b y boiling oatmeal@portend@/p:'tent/ foretell; presage; be a sign or warning of; N. portent: sign; omen; forewarning@portly@/'p:tli/ stout; corpulent@pose@ assume a particular posture; put forward; present; affect a particular attitude (to impress others); Ex. pose a threat; N.@poseur@/pou'z:/ person who prete nds to be sophisticated, elegant, etc., to impress others; person who poses; CF. pose@posterity@/ps'teriti/ descendants; future generations; Ex. go down to posterity; CF. posterior, anterior@posthumous@/'pstjums/ after death (as of child born after father's death or book published after author's death); coming or oc curring after one's death; Ex. posthumous fame/novel@postmortem@ autopsy; ADJ: occurring after death; of a postmortem@postulate@ self-evident truth; some thing assumed without proof; V: assume the truth of (as a basis of an argument)@ posture@/'pst/ assume an affected pose; act artificially; N: pose; attitude@pot able@/'poutbl/ suitable for drinking; drinkable@potent@/'poutnt/ powerful ; convincing; persuasive; greatly influential@potentate@/'poutnteit/ monarch; sovereign@potential@ expressing possibility; latent; N: capacity for growth@p otion@/'poun/ dose (of liquids); liquid dose@potpourri@/pou'puri:/ heteroge neous mixture; medley; mixture of dried flower petals a pot (to give a pleasant smell to a room)@poultice@/'poultis/ soothing application applied to sore and inflamed portions of the body@pr\'ecis@null abstract; concise summing up of main points; concise summary of a text@practicable@/'prktikbl/ feasible@practic al@ based on experience; of or acquired through practice (rather than theory ); useful; Ex. practical man@pragmatic@/prg'mtik/ practical (as opposed to idealis tic); concerned with practical worth or impact of something; Ex. pragmatic test of the skill@pragmatist@ practical person; N. pragmatism: pragmatic way o f dealing with things@prance@/pr:ns/ move about in a spirited manner (proudly and confidently)@prank@/prk/ mischievous trick@prate@/preit/ talk idly; speak foolishly; boast idly@prattle@/'prtl/ talk idly; babble; N. CF. prate@preamble @/pri:'mbl/ introductory statement@precarious@/pri'keris/ unsafe; lacking in stability; uncertain; risky; Ex. precarious living@precedent@/'presidnt/ preceding (in time, rank, etc.)@precept@/'pri:sept/ practical rule guiding c onduct; Ex. mother's precept@precinct@/'pri:sikt/ division of a city for e lection or police purposes; precincts: space that surrounds a building; Ex. prec incts of the college@precipice@/'presipis/ cliff; dangerous position; Ex. o n the edge of the precipice@precipitant@/pri'sipitnt/ something that causes a substance in a chemical solution to separate out in solid form; OP. solvent@prec ipitate@/pri'sipitit/ hurl downward; throw headlong; hasten; cause to happen s ooner; condense and fall as rain or snow; cause (a solid substance) to be separa ted from a solution; ADJ. hasty; rash; premature; sudden@precipitous@/pri'sipits/ steep; overhasty; precipitate@precise@/pri'sais/ exact@preclude@/pri'klu: d/ make impossible; prevent; exclude; eliminate@precocious@/pri'kous/ advanced in development; N. precocity@precursor@/pri:'k:s/ forerunner; pred

ecessor@predator@/'predt/ predatory animal or bird; predatory person; creature tha t seizes and devours another animal; person who robs or exploits others; ADJ. pr edatory: living by preying on other organisms; plundering; N. predation@predeces sor@ former occupant of a post@predetermine@ determine in advance; predestine ; settle or decide beforehand; influence markedly@predicament@/pri'dikmnt/ difficult situation; tricky or dangerous situation; dilemma@predilection@/,pri:d i'lekn/ preference; partiality@predispose@/'pri:dis'pouz/ give an inclinat ion toward (in advance); make susceptible to; Ex. predispose people to certain c ancer; N. predisposition@preeminent@ outstanding; superior@preempt@/pri:'empt / prevent in advance; head off(forestall); forestall by acting first; appr opriate for oneself before others; supplant; take the place of; displace; Ex. pr eempt any attempts; ADJ. preemptive@preen@/pri:n/ make oneself tidy in app earance; feel self-satisfaction or pride; (of a bird) smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak; Ex. preen oneself on; CF. prune@prefatory@/'preftri/ introduc tory; of a preface@prefigure@/pri:'fig/ be a sign of; foreshadow@prehensile@/pri 'hensail/ capable of grasping or holding (esp. by wrapping around); Ex. pr ehensile tails@prelate@/'prelit/ church dignitary; priest of high positio n in the church (esp. bishop)@prelude@/'prelju:d/ introduction; introducto ry performance or event; forerunner@premeditate@/pri:'mediteit/ plan in advance; Ex. premeditated murder@premise@/'premis/ assumption; postulate; propositi on upon which an argument is based@premonition@/,pri:m'nin/ forewarning; pre sentiment; foreboding@premonitory@/pri'mnitri/ serving to warn@preponderance@/p ri'pndrns/ superiority of power, quantity, etc.; V. preponderate: be greater in pow er, weight, or importance; ADJ. preponderant@prepossessing@/,pri:p'zesi/ attracti ve; CF. preoccupying ?@preposterous@/pri'pstrs/ absurd; completely unreasonable; ridiculous@prerogative@/pri'rgtiv/ privilege; unquestionable right; CF. ask before@presage@/'presid/ foretell; be a warning or sign of; N: presentime nt; foreboding; omen@prescience@/'presins/ ability to foretell the future; knowledge of actions before they occur; ADJ. prescient@presentiment@/pri'sentimnt / premonition; foreboding; feeling something will happen; anticipatory fea r@prestige@/pres'ti:/ respect or admiration; impression produced by achievemen ts or reputation; ADJ: causing admiration; ADJ. prestigious: having prestige@pre sume@/pri'zju:m/ take for granted; assume; act overconfidently; take libe rties; presume on/upon: take unfair advantage of (someone's kindness or connecti on); N. presumption@presumptuous@/pri'zmptjus/ going beyond what is right; exce ssively forward; arrogant; taking liberties@pretend@/pri'tend/ feign; pretend t o: claim to possess; make pretensions to; Ex. I don't pretend to much expertise; N. pretense@pretension@/pri'tenn/ pretentiousness; claim (without foundati on); Ex. I make no pretensions to skill as an artist.@pretentious@/pri'tens/ ostentatious; showy; pompous; making unjustified claims; overambitious; Ex. pret entious films that claim to be art@preternatural@/,pri:t'ntrl/ beyond what is n ormal in nature; supernatural; Ex. preternatural strength/forces@pretext@/'pri:t ekst/ excuse@prevail@/pri'veil/ be widespread; triumph over; gain victor y; prevail on: persuade; induce; Ex. Justice has prevailed; Ex. prevail on someo ne to do something@prevalent@/'prevlnt/ widespread; generally accepted@prevarica te@/pri'vrikeit/ lie; hide the truth (by equivocating)@prey@/prei/ target o f a hunt; victim; V: hunt and eat as prey; victimize; Ex. Cats prey on mice.@pri m@/prim/ proper to the point of affectation; very precise and formal; exc eedingly proper@primal@ first in rank or importance; being first in time; origin al; Ex. man's primal innocence@primary@/'praimri/ first in rank or importa nce; principal; earliest in time; Ex. primary stages; N. CF. first@primate@/'pra imit/ group of mammals including humans@prime@/praim/ period of ideal or peak condition; earliest or beginning stage; Ex. in the prime of life; Ex. prime of t he year(spring); ADJ: first in importance or rank; first; V: make ready; prepare @primogeniture@/,praimou'denit/ seniority by birth; state of being the first-bor n child; right of the eldest child (to inherit the entire property of one or bot h parents)@primordial@/prai'm:djl/ existing at the beginning (of time); rud imentary@primp@/primp/ groom oneself with care; adorn oneself@pristine@/pristin e/ unspoiled; remaining in a pure state; characteristic of earlier times; p rimitive; Ex. an old book in pristine condition@privation@/privation/ lack of

the basic necessities or comforts of life; hardship; want; CF. deprive@privy@/pr ivy/ secret; hidden; not public; made a participant in something secret; Ex. privy chamber government; Ex. be privy to a discussion; CF. private@prize@/prize / pry; move with a lever; value highly; esteem; Ex. his most prized posses sion; N: something captured during war-time (esp. an enemy ship)@probe@/probe/ explore with a probe or tools; investigate; N: slender instrument used to explor e a wound or body cavity; device designed to investigate an unknown region; thor ough investigation; Ex. space probe@probity@/probity/ uprightness; honesty; in corruptibility@problematic@/problematic/ causing a problem; open to doubt ; doubtful; unsettled; questionable; Ex. Whether the arena will ever be complete d is problematic.@proclivity@/proclivity/ inclination; natural tendency (e sp. towards something bad)@procrastinate@/procrastinate/ postpone; delay or put off@procurement@ obtaining; V. procure: obtain by effort; obtain (a prost itute) for another@prod@/prod/ poke (with a pointed object); stir up; urge; goa d to action; N: pointed object used to prod; prodding@prodigal@/prodigal/ wasteful; reckless with money; profuse; Ex. a mind prodigal of ideas; N. prodiga lity@prodigious@/prodigious/ enormous; marvelous; extraordinary; Ex. prodigio us amount/memory@prodigy@/prodigy/ highly gifted child; person with excepti onal talents; marvel; wonder@profane@/profane/ violate; desecrate (something ho ly); treat unworthily; be profane for; ADJ: secular; nonreligious; irreverent fo r holy things@profligate@/profligate/ wasteful (of money); dissipated; wildly immoral; dissolute; N: profligate person; N. profligacy@profound@/profound/ deep; not superficial; complete; Ex. profound thinker/remark/silence/deafness; N . profundity@profusion@/profusion/ great amount; plenty; overabundance; exc ess; lavish expenditure; Ex. profusion of choices; ADJ. profuse: plentiful; copi ous; giving or given abundantly; extravagant@progenitor@/progenitor/ ancestor @progeny@/progeny/ children; offspring; descendants@prognosis@ forecast ed course of a disease; prediction; CF. prognostic@prognosticate@/prognosticate/ predict (according to present indications)@prohibitive@/prohibitive/ so high as to prohibit purchase or use; tending to prevent the purchase or use of someth ing; prohibiting; inclined to prevent or forbid; Ex. prohibitive tax@projectile@ /projectile/ missile; fired or thrown object (such as stone or bullet)@prolet arian@/proletarian/ member of the working class; blue collar guy; N. proleta riat: working class (who have to work for wages)@proliferate@/proliferate/ grow rapidly (in numbers); spread; multiply; N. proliferation@prolific@/prolific / producing offspring or fruit in abundance; fertile; fecund; abundantly f ruitful; producing abundant works; Ex. prolific writer@prolixity@/prolixity/ tedious wordiness; verbosity; ADJ. prolix: wordy; verbose; diffuse@prologue@/pro logue/ introduction (to a poem or play)@prolong@/prolong/ lengthen; extend ; draw out@prominent@/prominent/ protruding(sticking out); conspicuous; n otable; eminent@promiscuous@/promiscuous/ mixed indiscriminately; indiscri minate; not choosing carefully; indiscriminate in the choice of sexual partners; irregular, particularly sexually; Ex. promiscuous life/girl; N. promiscuity@pro montory@/promontory/ headland@promote@/promote/ advance in rank; advance ; help to flourish; advocate; help actively in forming; publicize or popularize; Ex. Milk promotes health; Ex. promote a match/bill; Ex. promote a new product@p rompt@/prompt/ cause; urge; provoke; provide a cue (for an actor); ADJ: done wi thout delay; done at the right time; punctual; on time; N: reminder or cue@promu lgate@/promulgate/ announce; proclaim a doctrine or law; make known by offi cial publication@prone@/prone/ inclined to; likely to (suffer); prostrate; lyin g with the front downward; Ex. prone to disease/make mistakes; Ex. accident-pron e@prong@/prong/ pointed projecting part@pronounced@/pronounced/ distinct; very n oticeable; Ex. pronounced limp@prop@/prop/ support placed under or against something; V.@propagate@/propagate/ increase in number by producing young; m ultiply; spread; Ex. Most plants propagate by seed; Ex. newspaper propagating th eir ideas@propellant(propellent)@null substance which propels or drives forwar d (such as an explosive charge or a rocket fuel)@propensity@/propensity/ natural inclination@prophetic@/prophetic/ of a prophet or prophecy; having to do with predicting the future; N. prophecy; V. prophesy; N. prophet@prophyla ctic@/prophylactic/ used to prevent disease; N: something prophylactic; cond

om; N. prophylaxis: prevention of disease@propinquity@/propinquity/ nearness (in space or relationship); proximity; kinship@propitiate@/propitiate/ appease; conciliate; make peaceful; ADJ. propitiatory@propitious@/propitious/ favorabl e; auspicious; advantageous; fortunate; Ex. propitious day/sign@proponent@/propo nent/ supporter; backer; opposite of opponent@propound@/propound/ put fort h for consideration or analysis; set forth; Ex. propound a problem/theory@propri ety@/propriety/ fitness; quality of being proper; correct conduct; conformity to prevailing customs and usages; CF. proprietor, proprietary@propulsive@/propulsi ve/ driving forward; N. propulsion@prosaic@/prosaic/ lacking in imagi nation; dull and unimaginative; matter-of-fact(concerned with facts, not imagina tion or feelings); factual; CF. prose@proscenium@/proscenium/ part of stage in front of curtain; front arch of a stage@proscribe@ prohibit; ostracize; ban ish; outlaw@proselytize@/proselytize/ (induce someone to) convert to a religio n or belief; N. proselyte: new convert to a doctrine or religion@prosody@/prosod y/ art of versification; study of the metrical structure of verse@prosper@/ prosper/ become successful (esp. financially); thrive; grow well; Ex. chi ldren prospering under his care@prosperity@/prosperity/ good fortune and financi al success; physical well-being@prosperous@/prosperous/ successful; rich; afflue nt; well-to-do; well-off@prostrate@/prostrate/ stretch out full on ground; make prostrate; enervate; Ex. prostrating illness; ADJ: lying face down; having lost all strength@prot\'eg\'e@null person receiving protection and support from a p atron@protagonist@/protagonist/ leader or noticeable supporter of an idea; chief character in a play or story@protean@/protean/ able to take on many forms; vers atile; CF. Proteus: sea god to change his shape at will@protocol@/protocol/ diplomatic etiquette; ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats; first copy o f a treaty before its ratification; Ex. Protocol demands that the queen meet him at the airport.@prototype@/prototype/ original work used as a model by others@ protract@ prolong; lengthen in time; draw out@protrude@/protrude/ stick ou t; jut; project; Ex. protruding teeth@protuberance@/protuberance/ protrusi on; swelling; bulge@provenance@/provenance/ place of origin; origin or sourc e of something; Ex. Gunpowder is of Chinese provenance; CF. come@provender@/prov ender/ dry food for livestock; fodder@proverb@/proverb/ adage; someone o r something well known for notoriety; ADJ. proverbial: of a proverb; widely know n; ADV. proverbially@providence@/providence/ quality of being provident; divi ne care; god's care; Providence: god; Ex. It seemed like providence that the doc tor happened to be there; ADJ. providential: of divine providence; fortunate@pro vident@/provident/ providing for future needs; displaying foresight; thrift y; preparing for emergencies; OP. improvident@provincial@/provincial/ pertaini ng to a province; limited in outlook; narrow; unsophisticated@provision@/provisi on/ act of providing; something provided; preparatory measure; provisions: n ecessary supplies (esp. food); stipulation; condition in an agreement; Ex. Accor ding to the provisions of the agreement@provisional@/provisional/ tentativ e; temporary@proviso@/proviso/ stipulation; condition in an agreement; provisio n@provocative@ arousing anger or sexual interest; annoying; Ex. provocative in tight jeans; V. provoke: incite to anger; cause (an unpleasant action or feeling ); N. provocation@prowess@/prowess/ extraordinary ability; military bravery; Ex. prowess in battle@proximity@ nearness; ADJ. proximate@proxy@/proxy/ authorized agent; authority to act for another@prude@/prude/ excessively mode st or proper person (who is easily shocked by improper things, esp. of a sexual nature); N. prudery; ADJ. prudish: excessively concerned with propriety@prudent@ /prudent/ cautious; careful; prudential@prune@/prune/ cut away; trim@p rurient@/prurient/ having or causing lustful desires and thoughts; arousing immoderate sexual desire@pry@/pry/ inquire impertinently (someone else's pr ivate affairs); use leverage to raise or open something; prize; N. pries: tool f or prying@pseudonym@ pen name; fictitious name assumed by an author; ADJ. pse udonymous@psyche@/'saiki:/ soul; mind@psychiatrist@/sai'kaitrist/ doctor w ho treats mental diseases@psychic@/'saikik/ of psyche; mental; of or possess ing extraordinary mental powers@psychopathic@/,saikou'pqik/ pertaining to me ntal dearrangement; N. psychopath: person with an antisocial personality disorde r@psychosis@/sai'kousis/ mental disorder; ADJ. N. psychotic@psychosomatic

@/,saikous'mtik/ of the influence of the mind on the body (esp. with respect to d isease)@pterodactyl@/,pterou'dktil/ extinct flying reptile; CF. wing+finger@ pucker@/'pk/ gather into wrinkles or folds; N: wrinkle or fold@pudding@/'pudi/ hot sweet dish@puerile@/'pjurail/ childish; immature; CF. puer: boy@pugili st@/'pju:dilist/ boxer; CF. pugilism: boxing@pugnacity@/pg'nsiti/ combativeness isposition to fight; ADJ. pugnacious: (of people) belligerent; combative in natu re@puissant@/'pju:isnt/ powerful; strong; potent; N. puissance: power@pulchritud e@/'plkritju:d/ beauty; comeliness; ADJ. pulchritudinous@pulmonary@/'plmnri/ pertaining to the lungs@pulpit@/'pulpit/ raised platform used in preachin g (in a church)@pulsate@/pl'seit/ throb; beat regularly; vibrate regularly @pulse@/pls/ rhythmical throbbing of arteries; brief sudden change in a norma lly constant quantity; V: pulsate@pulverize@/'plvraiz/ crush or grind into very small particles@pummel@/'pml/ pommel; beat or pound with fists@punctilious@/pk't ilis/ minutely attentive (perhaps too much so) to fine points; stressing nicet ies of conduct or form; N. punctilio, punctiliousness: careful attention payed t o every small exact detail@pundit@/'pndit/ authority on a subject; expert; learned person@pungent@/'pndnt/ stinging; acrid; sharp in taste or smell; (of sp eech or writing) caustic; N. pungency@punitive@/'pju:nitiv/ punishing; Ex. p unitive measures@puny@/'pju:ni/ tiny; weak; insignificant@purchase@/'pq:ts/ secure g rasp or hold; firm grasp or footing@purgatory@/'p:gtri/ place of spiritual expia tion; temporary state or place in which the souls must expiate their sins@purge@ /p:d/ remove or get rid of something or someone unwanted; eliminate; free from blame or guilt; cleanse or purify (esp. of sin, guilt, or defilement); N.@purpo rt@/'p:pt/ intention; purpose; meaning; V: claim; profess; Ex. order which purports to be signed by the general@purported@ alleged; claimed; reputed or rum ored; Ex. purported Satanists@purse@/p:s/ pucker; contract (lips) into wri nkles; N: wallet@purveyor@/p:'vei/ furnisher of foodstuffs; caterer; V. pur vey: supply (eg. food); furnish; CF. provide@pushy@ disagreeably aggressive@ pusillanimous@/,pju:si'lnims/ cowardly; lacking courage; fainthearted@putative @/'pju:ttiv/ supposed; reputed; generally regarded as such; Ex. putative fath er of the child@putrefy@/'pju:trifai/ make or become putrid; N. putrefaction@p utrescent@/pju:'tresnt/ becoming putrid; putrefying@putrid@/'pju:trid/ decayed and foul-smelling; foul; rotten; decayed; N. putridity@puzzle@/'pzl/ baffle o r confuse by a difficult problem; ponder over a problem in an effort to solve; c larify or solve by reasoning; Ex. puzzle out the answer; N.@pyromaniac@/,pairou' meinik/ person with an insane desire to set things on fire@quack@/kwk/ charlata n; impostor@quadruped@/'kwdruped/ four-footed animal; ADJ. CF. biped@quaff @/kw:f/ drink with zest; drink with relish(zest; hearty enjoyment); CF. sip@quag mire@/'kwgmai/ bog; marsh; soft, wet, boggy land; predicament; complex or dange rous situation from which it is difficult to free oneself@quail@/kweil/ cower; s hrink back in fear; lose heart@quaint@/kweint/ odd in an old-fashioned way; odd ; old-fashioned; picturesque@qualified@ limited; restricted; V. qualify: limit t he meaning of; modify@qualify@ reach a necessary standard; limit the meaning of something stated@qualms@null uneasy feelings; misgivings; uneasy fears especi ally about matters of conscience; Ex. I have no qualms about giving this assignm ent to Helen.@quandary@/'kwndri/ dilemma; state of uncertainty; Ex. She is in a q uandary about whether to go.@quarantine@/'kwrnti:n/ isolation of a person, p lace, or ship to prevent spread of infection; V: isolate in quarantine@quarry@/' kwri/ dig into (to get stone); N: mine;@quash@/kw/ crush; suppress; squash; subdue; annul; Ex. quash a rebellion/the decision of the low court@quay@/ki:/ dock; wharf; pier; landing place (for boats)@queasy@/'kwi:zi/ experiencing nau sea; nauseated; easily nauseated; squeamish; Ex. feel a little queasy@queer@/kwi/ strange; eccentric; deviating from the normal@quell@/kwel/ suppress; put an end to; put down forcibly; extinguish; quiet; Ex. ``Army Quells Rebellion'' in newspaper; CF. kill@quench@/kwent/ assuage or satisfy (thrust); slake; dous e or extinguish; put out; suppress@querulous@/'kweruls/ given to complaining; co mplaining; fretful; whining@query@/'kwiri/ inquiry; question; V.@queue@// line (of waiting people or vehicles)@quibble@/'kwibl/ minor objection or compl aint; V: raise minor objections; carp; cavil@quicksilver@/'kwik,silv/ mercury@ quiescent@/kwai'esnt/ dormant; temporarily inactive; at rest; N. quiescence@qu

ietude@/'kwaiitju:d/ tranquillity; calmness@quintessence@/kwin'tesns/ purest and highest embodiment; perfect example; apotheosis; most essential eleme nt; Ex. quintessence of wit; ADJ. quintessential; CF. fifth essence@quip@/kwip/ taunt; clever sarcastic remark; V.@quirk@/kw:k/ sudden sharp turn or twist; star tling twist; caprice; idiosyncrasy; peculiarity of behavior; Ex. by a quirk of f ate@quisling@/'kwizli/ traitor who aids invaders; CF. Vidkun Quisling@quiver@/' kwiv/ tremble; shake; N.@quixotic@/kwik'stik/ idealistic but impractical; CF. Don Quixote@quizzical@/'kwizikl/ curious; suggesting puzzlement (without saying); questioning; teasing; mocking; bantering; Ex. quizzical glance@quorum@/'kw:rm/ minimal number of members necessary to conduct a meeting@quotidian@/kw'tidin/ daily; commonplace; customary; Ex. quotidian routine@rabble@/'rbl/ mob; noi sy crowd@rabid@/'rbid/ of or suffering rabies; like a fanatic; extremely zealou s; furious; CF. rabies: hydrophobia@rabies@/'reibi:z/ disease passed on by the bite of an infected animal (causing madness and death)@raconteur@/,rkn't:/ story-teller; one who tells stories with wit and skill@raffle@/'rfl/ lottery; V: award as a prize in a raffle; Ex. raffle off a new car@rag@/rg/ scrap of cloth; ADJ. ragged: old and torn; seeming unfinished and imperfect; Ex. ragged debut/performance@ragamuffin@/'rg,mfin/ dirty child in torn clothes; person wear ing tattered clothes@rail@/reil/ complain bitterly; scold; rant; Ex. the weaker railing against injustices@raiment@/'reimnt/ clothing; garments; Ex. I have no raiment fit to wear.@rake@/reik/ immoral or dissolute person@raki sh@/'reiki/ jaunty; stylish; sporty; morally corrupt; dissolute; Ex. He wore his hat at a rakish and jaunty angle.@rally@/'rli/ come or bring together; call up or summon (forces, vital powers, etc.); revive or recuperate (after illn ess or difficulty); N: act of rallying; mass gathering@ram@/rm/ male sheep; V. s trike or drive against with a heavy impact@ramble@/'rmbl/ wander aimlessly (physically or mentally); digress@ramification@ branching out; subdivisi on; one branch of a system; one of the results following from an action or decis ion; Ex. ramifications of a business/the decision@ramify@/'rmifai/ branch o ut; divide into branches or subdivisions@ramp@/rmp/ slope; inclined plane or roadway (connecting two levels)@rampant@/'rmpnt/ growing or spreading uncontrolla bly; growing in profusion; unrestrained; Ex. rampant lawlessness/weed@rampart@/' rmp:t/ defensive mound of earth@ramshackle@/'rm,kl/ (of a building or vehicl e) poorly constructed; rickety; falling apart@rancid@/'rnsid/ having the odor of stale or decomposing fat; rank@rancor@null long-lasting hatred; bitterness; Ex. negotiation without rancor; ADJ. rancorous@random@ without definite purpose , plan, or aim; haphazard; Ex. random shots; Ex. chosen at random@rank@/rk/ offensive in odor or flavor@rankle@/'rkl/ irritate; fester; annoy@ransack@/'rnsk/ search thoroughly; pillage (going through a place); Ex. Enemy soldiers ransacked the town.@rant@/rnt/ speak violently or excitedly; rave; talk excitedly showi ng anger; scold; make a grandiloquent speech; Ex. The priest ranted about the de vil.@rapacious@/r'peis/ voracious; ravenous; taking everything one can; excessiv ely grasping; plundering; subsisting on live prey; Ex. rapacious birds@rapport@/ r'p:/ close relationship; emotional closeness; harmony@rapt@/rpt/ engrosse d; absorbed; enchanted; Ex. rapt listener@rapture@/'rpt/ great joy and delight; e cstasy; ADJ. rapturous@rare@/re/ (of air) thin in density; rarefied; Ex. rare air of the mountains@rarefied@/'rerifaid/ made less dense (of a gas); V. rarefy: m ake less dense; N. rarefaction@rasp@/r:sp/ (of a sound) grate on (eg. nerve s); make a harsh noise; have an unpleasant effect; rub with something rough; Ex. The cat's tongue rasped my hand.@raspy@/'r:spi/ making a harsh noise; grating; h arsh@ratify@/'rtifai/ approve formally; confirm; verify@ratiocination@/,rtisi'ne in/ reasoning; act of drawing conclusions from premises; V. ratiocinate: rea son logically@ration@ fixed portion; V: distribute as rations@rational@ (of a person) having reason; (of ideas) based on reason; logical@rationale@/ri'n:li/ fundamental reason or principle (on which a system or principle is based); funda mental reason or justification; grounds for an action@rationalize@/'rnlaiz/ make rational; devise false reasons for (one's behavior); offer an excuse; give a plausible reason for an action in place of a true, less admirable ones; N. rat ionalization@raucous@/'r:ks/ (of voice) harsh and unpleasant; (of people) dis orderly and boisterous; Ex. raucous shouts@ravage@/'rvid/ devastate; plunder; desp

oil; Ex. crops ravaged by storms@rave@/reiv/ overwhelmingly favorable review; V: talk wildly as if mad; Ex. raving lunatic@ravel@/'rvl/ fall apart into tangles; entangle; unravel or untwist@ravenous@/'rvins/ extremely hungry; voraci ous@ravine@/r'vi:n/ narrow valley with steep sides; gorge; CF. gully, canyon @raze@/reiz/ destroy completely; Ex. raze the city to the ground@reactionary@ /ri:'knri/ strongly opposed to social or political change; opposing progress; polit ically ultraconservative; N. OP. radical@realm@/relm/ kingdom; field or sphere ; Ex. not within the realms of possibility@reaper@/'ri:p/ one who harvests grain; Ex. the Grim Reaper; V. reap: cut and gather (crop); harvest a crop@reba te@ return of part of a payment; discount; V.@rebuff@/ri'bf/ reject bluntly; snub; beat back; Ex. She rebuffed his invitation; N.@rebuke@/ri'bju:k/ scold ha rshly; criticize severely@rebus@/'ri:bs/ representation of words in the form of p ictures or symbols; puzzle in which pictures or letters stand for words; Ex. ``R U 18'' is a rebus for ``Are you 18''.@rebuttal@/ri'btl/ refutation; response wit h contrary evidence; V. rebut: refute; disprove@recalcitrant@/ri'klsitrnt/ disobedient or resisting authority even after being punished; obstinately stubbo rn; determined to resist authority; unruly; Ex. recalcitrant child@recant@/ri'knt / disclaim or disavow; retract a previous statement; openly confess error; Ex. recant one's faith/a statement@recapitulate@/,ri:k'titjuleit/ summariz e@recast@/'ri:'k:st/ reconstruct (a sentence, story, statue, etc.); fashion a gain@receptive@/ri'septiv/ quick or willing to receive (ideas, suggestions, etc.); Ex. receptive to the proposal@recess@/ri'ses/ pause; temporary cessati on; alcove; secret inner place; Ex. parliament in recess; V. CF. recessive@reces sion@/ri'sen/ withdrawal; retreat; time of low economic activity@recidivism@/r i'sidivizm/ habitual return to crime (even after being punished); N. recidiv ist@recipient@/ri'sipint/ receiver@reciprocal@ mutual; given and receiv ed in return; exchangeable; interacting; Ex. reciprocal trade agreement@reciproc ate@/ri'siprkeit/ do or give something in return; repay in kind; give or t ake mutually; interchange; move@recital@/ri'saitl/ act of reciting publicly ; detailed account; performance of music or dance (by a solo performer)@recite@/ ri'sait/ repeat aloud (something learned); describe; Ex. recite his compl aints; N. recitation@reckon@/'rekn/ count; calculate; regard as; think; supp ose@recline@/'reklain/ lie down@recluse@/ri'klu:s/ hermit; loner; ADJ. recl usive@reconcile@/'reknsail/ make friendly again (after quarrel); make consis tent (two ideas in opposition); correct inconsistencies; Ex. reconcile one's pol itical principles with one's religious beliefs@recondite@/ri'kndait/ abstruse ; not easily understood; profound; secret@reconnaissance@/ri'knisns/ survey o f enemy by soldiers; reconnoitering; V. reconnoiter: make a preliminary inspecti on of (esp. to gather military information)@recount@/'ri:'kaunt/ narrate or tell (a story); count over again@recourse@/ri'k:s/ resorting to help when i n trouble; Ex. without recourse to@recreant@/'rekrint/ disloyal; cowardly; N: d isloyal and cowardly person@recrimination@/ri,krimi'nein/ countercharges; V. recriminate@rectify@/'rektifai/ set right; correct; CF. rect-: right@rec titude@/'rektitju:d/ moral correctness; moral uprightness; moral virtue; corr ectness of judgment@recumbent@/ri'kmbnt/ reclining; lying down completely or in p art@recuperate@/ri'kju:preit/ recover; return to health; regain; Ex. recuperat e losses@recurrent@ occurring again and again@redolent@/'redoulnt/ odorous; fragrant; suggestive (of an odor); Ex. redolent of onions/mystery@redoubtable@/ ri'dautbl/ formidable; causing fear@redress@/ri'dres/ remedy; compensa tion; Ex. seek redress for the damage to your car; V: put right; remedy or recti fy (a wrong); make amends for@reduce@/ri'dju:s/ diminish; bring to a weaker or m ore difficult condition; demote; lower in rank; separate into components by anal ysis; Ex. reduced to the ranks; Ex. reduce the house to rubble; N. reduction@red undant@/ri'dndnt/ superfluous; more than is necessary; verbose; excessively wordy; repetitious@reek@/ri:k/ emit (an unpleasant odor or smoke); give off an unpleasant odor; give out smoke; Ex. reeking chimney; N: unpleasant odor; stench @refectory@/ri'fektri/ dining hall; room where meals are served (in a school)@r eferendum@/,ref'rendm/ direct vote by all the people@refraction@ bending of a ray of light@refractory@/ri'fktri/ unmanageable; disobedient and stubborn; Ex. refractory horse@refrain@/ri'frein/ abstain from; resist; forbear; N: chorus

@refulgent@/ri'fldnt/ effulgent; brilliant; brightly shining; gleaming; Ex. re fulgent moon@refurbish@ renovate; make clean, bright, or fresh (make new) again; make bright by polishing; Ex. refurbish an old theater; CF. furbish: polish@ref use@/ri'fju:z/ anything discarded or rejected as worthless; trash@refute@/ri'fj u:t/ disprove; prove to be false; N. refutation@regal@/'ri:gl/ royal; o f a monarch; Ex. regal manner@regale@/ri'geil/ entertain@regatta@/ri'gt/ boat or yacht race@regeneration@/ri,den'rein/ spiritual rebirth; Ex. regeneration of t he prisoners; V. regenerate: give or obtain new life; reform spiritually@regent@ /'ri:dnt/ a person who governs in place of a ruler who is ill, absent, or still a child; ADJ. Ex. the Prince regent@regicide@/'redisaid/ murder of a king or quee n@regime@/rei'i:m/ method of system or government@regimen@/'redimen/ prescribed course of diet or exercise; prescribed diet and habits; Ex. daily reg imen of a dancer@regiment@/'redimnt/ military unit; V: subject to strict orde r; Ex. regimented society@rehabilitate@/,ri:'biliteit/ restore to proper condit ion (health or useful life); restore the former rank of@reimburse@/,ri:im'b:s/ repay; pay back@reinstate@/'ri:in'steit/ restore to a previous condition or position@reiterate@/ri:'itreit/ repeat@rejoinder@/ri'dind/ reply; retort; c omeback; V. rejoin: say in reply@rejuvenate@/ri'du:vineit/ make young again @relapse@/ri'lps/ return to a former state (esp. after improvement); N.@re legate@/'religeit/ put into a lower or worse place; banish to an inferior p osition; delegate; assign; Ex. relegate the old furniture to the children's room ; Ex. relegated to the second division@relent@/ri'lent/ become less severe; give in(surrender); ADJ. relentless: unyielding; continuously severe@relevant@/'reli vnt/ having importance; pertinent; referring to the case in hand; N. relevanc e, relevancy@relic@/'relik/ surviving remnant (from an extinct culture); mem ento; keepsake; relics: corpse; Ex. ancient relics; Ex. relics of his travel; Ex . His relics are buried at X.@religious@/ri'lids/ of religion; (of a person) pious ; having reverence for a deity@relinquish@/ri'likwi/ give up something (with reluctance); yield; release; Ex. relinquish power/the claim to the land/his hold on my arm@relish@/'reli/ enjoy; savor; N: enjoyment; zest@remediable@/ri' mi:djbl/ reparable@reminiscence@/,remi'nisns/ recollection; V. reminisce: reco llect the past@reminiscent@/,remi'nisnt/ suggestive of something (in the past); of reminiscence@remiss@/ri'mis/ negligent; careless about a duty@remissi on@/ri'min/ temporary moderation (of disease symptoms); remitting of a debt or punishment; cancelation of a debt; pardon; Ex. The disease went into remissio n; Ex. Christians pray for the remission of sins.@remit@/ri'mit/ transmit (money) in payment; free someone from a debt or punishment@remittance@/ri'mitns/ remitting of money; amount of money remitted@remnant@/'remnnt/ remainder@remons trate@/ri'mnstreit/ protest; objection; V. remonstrate: say in protest@remor se@/ri'm:s/ deep regret for wrongdoing; guilt; self-reproach@remunerative@/r i'mju:nrtiv/ (of work) compensating; rewarding; profitable; well-paid; V. rem unerate: reward; pay (someone) for work or trouble@rend@/rend/ split; tear apar t; N. rent; CF. heartrending: causing deep sorrow@render@/'rend/ give; deliver; p rovide; represent in verbal or artistic form; depict; perform; make; translate; Ex. render the song beautifully@rendezvous@/'rndivu:/ meeting place; meeting a t a set time or place; V.@rendition@/'rndivu:/ rendering; translation; artistic interpretation of a song, etc@renegade@/'renigeid/ deserter; traitor; ADJ.@ renege@/ri'ni:g/ break a promise; deny; go back on; Ex. renege on the con tract/paying off the debt@renounce@/ri'nauns/ abandon; give up (by formal anno uncement); disown; repudiate; Ex. renounce one's claim to the property/one's rel igion; N. renunciation@renovate@/'renouveit/ restore to good condition; renew @renown@/ri'naun/ fame; ADJ. renowned@rent@ tear made by rending; ri p; split@reparable@/'reprbl/ capable of being repaired@reparation@ compensa tion (for loss or wrong); amends; Ex. make reparation for the damage; CF. repair @repartee@/,rep:'ti:/ quick clever reply@repast@/ri'p:st/ meal; feast; ban quet@repeal@/ri'pi:l/ revoke; annul@repel@/ri'pel/ drive away; disgust; Ex. repel the attack/moisture; Ex. repelled by the dirty room; CF. repulsion@repell ent@/ri'pelnt/ driving away; disgusting; offensive; repulsive; unattractive; N. @repercussion@/,ri:p:'kn/ rebound; reaction; reverberation; Ex. serious repercussi on@repertoire@/'reptw:/ list of works of music, drama, etc., a performer is prep

ared to present; CF. repertory@repine@/ri'pain/ fret; complain; be annoyed; Ex. repine over the undone work@replenish@/ri'pleni/ fill up again@replete@/ri'pli:t/ fully filled; filled to the brim or to the point of being stuffed; abundantly su pplied; Ex. report replete with errors@replica@/'replik/ copy@replicate@ reproduc e; duplicate@repose@/ri'pouz/ resting; state of being at rest; calmness; V: li e at rest; relax; put or place; Ex. repose our hopes in a single man@repository@ /ri'pzitri/ storehouse@reprehensible@/,repri'hensbl/ deserving blame; blamewo rthy; V. reprehend: blame@representational@/,reprizen'teinl/ (of a style of a rt) showing things as they actually appear in real life@repress@/ri'pres/ hold back (the natural expression of); restrain; crush; oppress; Ex. repressed c hild; Ex. repress a laugh/rebellion@reprieve@/ri'pri:v/ postponement or cancelat ion of a punishment; temporary stay; V: postpone or cancel the punishment of@rep rimand@/'reprim:nd/ reprove severely; rebuke; N.@reprisal@/ri'praizl/ retaliation@reprise@ musical repetition; repeating of a piece of music; repea t performance; recurrent action; Ex. reprise in the finale; Ex. constant reprise s@reproach@/ri'prout/ blame (not angrily but sadly); express disapproval or di sappointment; N. ADJ. reproachful@reprobate@/'reproubeit/ morally disappro ved person; person hardened in sin, devoid of a sense of decency; CF. disapprove d by God ?@reprobation@/,reprou'bein/ severe disapproval; CF. approbation@repr ove@/ri'pru:v/ censure; rebuke; N. reproof@repudiate@/ri'pju:dieit/ disown; disavow; deny@repugnance@/ri'pgnns/ disgust; strong dislike; loathing; ADJ. repugnant: arousing disgust; repulsive@repulse@/ri'pls/ reject with rudeness or coldness (an offer or friendship); drive back (an enemy attack); CF. repulse $\n eq$ cause repulsion@repulsion@/'ri'pln/ distaste; disgust; act of driving back; ADJ. repulsive: causing disgust; tending to drive away; V. repel (not `repulse') @reputable@/'repjutbl/ respectable; having a good reputation@reputed@/ri'pju:ti d/ supposed; Ex. reputed father of the child; V. repute: consider; N. reput e: reputation; esteem@requiem@/'rekwiem/ mass for the dead; dirge@requisi te@ necessary requirement; something required; ADJ: required; necessary@requ isition@/,rekwi'zin/ formal demand or request; Ex. requisition for more compu ting equipment; V.@requite@/ri'kwait/ make return for; repay; reciprocate; rev enge; N. requittal@rescind@/ri'sind/ repeal; annul; cancel (a law, decision, or agreement)@resentment@/ri'zentmnt/ indignation; bitterness; displeasure; V. resent: feel anger about@reserve@/ri'z:v/ self-control; self-restraint; fo rmal but distant manner; reticence; Ex. without reserve: freely and openly; ADJ. reserved: shy and uncommunicative@residual@ remaining; left over; of a resid ue; N: residue@residue@/'rezidju:/ remainder; balance@resign@/'ri:'sain/ give up (a position, right, or claim); submit (oneself) passively@resignation@/, rezig'nein/ patiently submissiveness; statement that one is quitting a job; ADJ. resigned: acquiescent@resilient@/ri'zilint/ elastic; having the power of spr inging back; able to recover quickly (as from misfortune)@resolution@/,rez'lu:n/ determination; resoluteness; ADJ. resolute: firm or determined in purpose@resolv e@/ri'zlv/ decide; settle; solve; separate; make a determined decision; N. resolution@resonant@/'reznnt/ (of a sound) echoing; resounding(sounding loudly ); deep and full in sound; producing resonance; Ex. resonant voice; N. resonance @resort@/'ri:'s:t/ turn to for help; Ex. resort to violence; N.@resound@/ri 'zaund/ (of a place) be filled with sound; (of a sound) sound loudly; sound back ; echo; Ex. hall resounded with laughter@resourceful@/ri's:sful/ clever and imagi native (in dealing with difficult situations); N. resource, resourcefulness@resp iration@/,resp'rein/ breathing; exhalation; ADJ. respiratory@respite@/'respai t/ time for rest; interval of relief; delay in punishment; reprieve@resplen dent@/ris'pndnt/ brilliant; splendid in appearance; dazzling; glorious@responsive ness@ state of reacting readily to appeals, orders, etc.; ADJ. responsive: rea dily reacting; Ex. responsive to treatment@restitution@ returning something (los t or stolen) to the rightful owner; reparation; indemnification; compensation fo r loss, damage, or injury@restive@/'restiv/ impatiently restless (induced by external coercion or restriction); restlessly impatient; obstinately resisting control; Ex. restive horses because of wolves; CF. not a general synonym for `re stless'@restraint@/ris'treint/ moderation or self-control; controlling force; r estriction@resumption@/ri'zmpn/ taking up again; recommencement; V. resume: begi

n or take up again; take or occupy again; Ex. Kindly resume your seats.@resurge@ rise again; flow to and fro; N. resurgence; ADJ. resurgent: (of ideas or beliefs ) experiencing revival; surging again@resurrect@/ri's:dnt/ revive@resuscitate@/ri'ss iteit/ revive; bring back to life or consciousness; Ex. resuscitate the drowned child@retain@/ri'tein/ keep; maintain possession of; employ (esp. a lawyer or a dvisor); N. retainer: servant; fee paid to retain an advisor@retaliate@/ri'tlieit / repay in kind (usually for bad treatment); V. retaliate@retard@/ri't:d/ delay (in development); ADJ. retarded: (as of a child) slower in development@ret entive@/ri'tentiv/ holding; able to retain things (esp. facts in the mind); having a good memory@reticent@/'retisnt/ inclined to silence; uncommunica tive; reserved; Ex. He was reticent about the reasons; N. reticence@retinue@/'re tinju:/ following; attendants@retiring@/ri'tairi/ shy and reserved (of a person); modest; Ex. her retiring personality@retort@/ri't:t/ quick sharp reply; V.@re tract@/ri'trkt/ withdraw; take back; draw back; Ex. retract a statement/an offer /claws; N. retraction; CF. retractile@retrench@/ri'trent/ cut down; cut do wn expenses; economize@retribution@/,retri'bju:n/ deserved punishment for wrongdoing; punishment for offenses; compensation; vengeance; CF. pay back@retri eve@/ri'tri:v/ recover; put right; find and bring in; regain; Ex. retrieve the situation@retroactive@/,retrou'ktiv/ taking effect before its enactment (as a law) or imposition (as a tax); (of a law) having effect on the past as well as the future@retrograde@ go backwards; recede; degenerate; deteriorate; ADJ.@retr ospective@/,retrou'spektiv/ looking back on the past; N. retrospection; V. r etrospect@revelry@/'revli/ boisterous merrymaking; V. revel: engage boister ous festivities; enjoy greatly; N: boisterous festivity or celebration@reverbera te@/ri'v:breit/ echo repeatedly; resound; Ex. The thunder reverberated across th e valley.@reverend@/'revrnd/ deserving reverence; N: priest@reverent@/'revrnt/ respectful; worshipful; V. revere: regard with reverence; N. reverence: profound respect@reverie@/'revri/ daydream; abstracted musing@revert@/ri'v:t/ relapse; backslide; turn back to; return to the former owner; N. reversion@revil e@/ri'vail/ attack with abusive language; vilify(slander)@revoke@/ri'vouk/ cancel; retract; CF. irrevocable@revulsion@/ri'vln/ sudden strong feeling of disgust; sudden violent change of feeling; negative reaction; Ex. revulsion fro m the scenes of torture@rhapsodize@/'rpsdaiz/ speak or write in an exaggerated ly enthusiastic manner; Ex. rhapsodize over the beauty of the scenery@rhapsody@/ 'rpsdi/ excessively enthusiastic expression of feeling; musical composition of i rregular form (as if made up as one plays it)@rhetoric@/'retrik/ art of effective communication; art of using language effectively and persuasively; style of spe aking or writing; grandiloquent language; Ex. political rhetoric; ADJ. rhetorica l; CF. rhetorical question: question to which no answer is expected as@ribald@/' ribld/ marked by vulgar lewd humor; wanton; profane; N. ribaldry: ribald langua ge or joke@rickety@/'rikiti/ (of buildings) likely to break or fall apart; of rickets; CF. rickets; CF. vitamin D@riddle@/'ridl/ pierce with holes; perme ate or spread throughout; Ex. The gunman riddled the car with bullets; Ex. The w hole report is riddled with errors; N. large sieve (separating earth from stone) @rider@/'raid/ amendment or clause added to a legislative bill@rife@/raif/ (of something bad) widespread; abundant; current@rift@/'raifli/ narrow opening i n a large mass; break in a friendly relation; Ex. through a rift in the clouds; OP. reconcilation@rig@/rig/ arrangement of masts and sails; V: equip (a ship ) with rigging; ADJ. rigging: ropes that hold up a ship's sails@righteous@/'raits/ morally upright; just@rightful@/'raitful/ legally correct; Ex. rightful ow ner@rigid@/'ridid/ hard and unbending; stiff and unyielding; fixed in behav ior or views; strict; rigorous; Ex. rigid rule@rigor@/'raig:/ severity; Ex. ri gors of the Russian winter@rile@/rail/ irritate; vex; muddy@rip@/rip/ tear or be torn quickly and violently; Ex. The sail ripped under the force of the wind; N.@rivet@/'rivit/ metal pin used for fastening metal plates together; V: f asten with a rivet; engross@riveting@ holding one's attention; absorbing; engr ossing@rivulet@/'rivjulit/ small stream; CF. rill < rivulet < river@robust@ /r'bst/ strong; vigorous@rococo@/r'koukou/ ornate; highly decorated; N. CF. 18th century@roil@/'rili/ make liquids murky by stirring up sediment; dist urb@rolling@/'rliki/ (of land) rising and falling in long gentle slopes; happ

ening continuously by stages; Ex. rolling devolution of power to local governmen ts@romp@/rmp/ play or frolic boisterously; gambol; N.@rooster@/'ru:st/ cock; ad ult male chicken@roseate@/'rouziit/ rosy; optimistic; Ex. roseate views@rost er@/'roust/ list (of names)@rostrum@/'rstrm/ raised platform for speech-makin g; pulpit@rote@/rout/ repetition; memorization through repetition without unde rstanding; Ex. learn poetry by rote@rotund@/rou'tnd/ (of a person) fat and ro und@rotunda@/rou'tnd/ circular building or hall covered with a dome@rotundity@ /rou'tnditi/ roundness; sonorousness of speech@rou\'e@null lecherous man@ro using@/'rauzi/ lively; inducing excitement; stirring; V. rouse: waken; arouse f rom sleep or depression; excite; stir up@rout@/raut/ put to rout; stampede; d rive out; N: complete defeat and disorderly retreat@rubble@/'rbl/ fragment s (esp. from a destroyed building)@rubric@/'ru:brik/ title or heading (in red print); directions for religious ceremony; protocol@ruddy@/'rdi/ reddish; (of the face) reddish and healthy-looking@rudimentary@/,ru:di'mntl/ elementa ry; not developed; crude; N. rudiment: fundamental element or principle; Ex. rud iments of the language@rue@/ru:/ regret; lament; mourn; Ex. He will rue t he day; N. ADJ. rueful@ruffian@/'rfjn/ violent scoundrel; bully@rumble@/'rmbl/ make or move with a deep rolling sound (as thunder or stomach)@ruminant@/'ru:minn t/ animal that ruminates; ADJ.@ruminate@/'ru:mineit/ chew over and ov er (mentally or, like cows, physically); mull over(ponder)@rummage@/'rmid/ ransack; thoroughly search@run-down@null (of a place) dilapidated; in a b ad condition; (of a person) weak or exhausted@runic@/'ru:nik/ mysterious; set down in an ancient alphabet; N. rune: one of the letters of an alphabet used by ancient Germanic peoples (cut on stone or wood); magic charm@ruse@/ru:z/ trick to deceive; stratagem@rustic@/'rstik/ pertaining to country people; un sophisticated; simple; crude; uncouth; (of furniture) rough with the bark left o n; N. rural person; rustic person@rusticate@/'rstikeit/ banish to the country; d well in the country@rustle@/'rsl/ make slight sounds like silk moving or b eing rubbed together@ruthless@/'ru:qlis/ pitiless; merciless; cruel@saboteur@/,sb't / one who commits sabotage; destroyer of property; N. sabotage: destructio n of property (usually carried out secretly)@saccharine@/'skrain/ cloying sweet; c haracteristic of sugar or saccharin@sacrilegious@/,skri'lids/ desecrating; pro fane; N. sacrilege: desecration, misuse, or theft of something sacred@sacrosanct @/'skrouskt/ invioably sacred; most sacred; inviolable@sadistic@/s'distik/ inclined to cruelty; N. sadism: delight in cruelty@saga@/'s:g/ Scandinavian myt h; any legend; long heroic narrative@sagacious@/s'geis/ wise; perceptive; shrewd ; having insight; N. sagacity@sage@/seid/ person celebrated for wisdom; wi se person; ADJ: wise@salacious@/s'leis/ lascivious; lustful; Ex. salacious monk@ salient@/'seiljnt/ prominent; projecting beyond a line; conspicuous; Ex. sa lient features@saline@/'seilain/ salty@sallow@/'slou/ (of the skin) ye llowish and unhealthy-looking; sickly in color; Ex. sallow complexion due to jau ndice@salubrious@/s'lu:bris/ healthful; conducive to health or well-being; so cially desirable; Ex. salubrious area; CF. health@salutary@/'sljutri/ tending to improve; beneficial; wholesome; Ex. The punishment had a salutary effect on t he boy; CF. health@salvage@/'slvid/ rescue (goods or property) from loss; N: saving; property saved@sanctimonious@/,skti'mounjs/ displaying ostentatious or hypocritical devoutness; N. sanctimony: hypocritical piety@sanction@/'skn/ approve; ratify; N: permission; penalty intended to enforce compliance@sanctuary @/'sktjuri/ place of refuge; shelter; shrine; holy place; Ex. The outlaw was granted sanctuary in the church.@sanguinary@/'sgwinri/ bloody; with much bloods hed@sanguine@/'sgwin/ optimistic; cheerful; hopeful; of the color of blood; re d@sap@/sp/ diminish; weaken; undermine the foundations of (a fortification) ; Ex. The element kryptonite sapped his strength.@sarcasm@/'s:kzm/ cutting ironic remark; scornful remarks; stinging rebuke; ADJ. sarcastic@sardonic@/s:'dnik / scornfully mocking; disdainful; sarcastic; cynical; Ex. sardonic smile@s artorial@/'s:t:ril/ pertaining to tailors or tailoring; Ex. a man of great s artorial elegance; CF. sartor: tailor@sate@/seit/ satisfy to the full; sat isfy to excess; cloy@satellite@/'stlait/ small body revolving around a larger one @satiate@/'seiieit/ satisfy fully (physical needs such as hunger); sate; N. satiety: condition of being satiated@satire@/'stai/ form of literature in wh

ich irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly@sat irical@/s'tirik/ using satire; mocking@saturate@ soak thoroughly; imbue; impregna te; charge; fill to capacity@saturnine@/'st:nain/ morose; gloomy; Ex. Do not be mi sled by his saturnine countenance.@satyr@/'st/ half-human, half-bestial being i n the court of Dionysus (resembling a goat), portrayed as wanton(unrestrained) a nd cunning; lecher; CF. faun; CF. goat: lecherous man@saunter@/'s:nt/ stroll(g o for a leisurely walk) slowly; N.@savant@/'svnt/ scholar; learned person; CF. sav oir: know@savor@/'seiv/ enjoy; have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality; N: taste or smell; distinctive quality@savory@/'seivri/ pleasant in taste; tasty ; pleasing, attractive, or agreeable; Ex. savory reputation@scabbard@/'skbd/ case for a sword blade; sheath@scad@/skd/ a great quantity; Ex. scads of c lothes@scaffold@/'skfld/ temporary platform for workers (to work at heights above the ground); bracing framework; platform for execution@scale@/skeil/ climb up ; ascend; remove or come off in scales; N: flake of epidermis; ascending or desc ending series of musical tones@scanty@/'sknti/ meager; insufficient@scapegoat@/ 'skeipgout/ someone who bears the blame for others; whipping boy; CF. escape +goat@scavenge@/'skvind/ hunt through discarded materials for usable items or foo d; search, especially for food; N. scavenger: one who scavenges; animal that fee ds on refuse and carrion@scenario@/si'n:riou/ plot outline; screenplay(script for a movie); opera libretto; outline of possible future events@schematic@/ski'mt ik/ of a schema or scheme; relating to an outline or diagram; using a system of symbols; N. schema: diagrammatic representation; outline@scheme@/ski:m/ systematic plan; plot; clever dishonest plan; orderly arrangement of elements; E x. health insurance scheme; Ex. a scheme to escape taxes; Ex. a color scheme; Ex . a story with no scheme; V: contrive a scheme@schism@/'sizm/ division into fa ctions (esp. within a religious body); split@scholarly@/'sklli/ full of learning ; erudite; like a scholar; Ex. scholarly journal@scintilla@/sin'til/ trace; m inute amount; shred; least bit; Ex. There is not a scintilla of truth; CF. spark @scintillate@/'sintileit/ sparkle; flash; be animated; be full of life; Ex . scintillating conversation@scion@/'sain/ detached plant shoot used in gra fting; descendant@scoff@/skf/ laugh (at); mock; ridicule; Ex. scoff at their t hreats@scorch@/sk:t/ sear; N.@score@ number of points; written form of a musi cal composition; reason; group of 20; notch or incision; Ex. full/vocal score; E x. Don't worry on that score; V: mark with lines or notches; Ex. score the paper to make it easy to fold@scotch@/skt/ stamp out(put an end to); thwart; hinder @scourge@/sk:d/ lash; whip (f ; Ex. scotch the rumor; CF. cut; CF. nishment); source of severe punishment; V: whip; afflict@scowl@/skaul/ frown an grily; N: angry frown@scrap@/skrp/ small bit or fragment; discarded waste m aterial; fight; Ex. a scrap of paper/cloth; V: break into parts for disposal; di scard as worthless; fight; quarrel@scrappy@/'skrpi/ quarrelsome@scraps@null leftover food@screech@/skri:t/ unpleasant high sharp sound; shriek; V.@scrimmag e@/'skrimid/ disorderly fight between two or more people@scruple@/'skru:pl/ hesitate for ethical reasons; fret about; Ex. She did not scruple to read his di ary; N: uneasy feeling arising from conscience; conscience@scrupulous@/'skru:pju ls/ conscientious; extremely thorough; Ex. scrupulous worker@scrutinize@/'sk ru:tinaiz/ examine closely and critically; N. scrutiny@scuffle@/'skfl/ struggle confusedly; move off in a confused hurry; N. CF. scuffling twins ?@scur rilous@/'skrils/ abusive; obscene; indecent; Ex. scurrilous remark@scurry@/'skri/ move hastily; hurry; move briskly@scurvy@/'sk:vi/ contemptible; despicable ; N: disease caused by deficiency of Vitamin C@scuttle@/'sktl/ sink (a ship) by cutting holes in the hull; scrap; discard; N: small hatch in a ship's deck or h ull@seamy@/'si:mi/ sordid; base; filthy; unwholesome; Ex. seamy side of cit y life@sear@/si/ burn the surface of; char or burn; brand; parch; cause (a plant) to wither@season@/'si:zn/ enhance the flavor of by adding a spice, etc.; i nure; harden; N. seasoning: something used in seasoning@seasonable@/'si:znbl/ occurring at the proper time or season; opportune; Ex. seasonable intervention i n the dispute@seasonal@/'si:znl/ of a particular season; Ex. seasonal rise in emp loyment@seasoned@/'si:znd/ experienced@secession@/si'sen/ withdrawal; V. s ecede: withdraw formally from membership@seclusion@/si'klu:n/ isolation; solit ude; V. seclude: set apart from others; isolate@secrete@/si'kri:t/ conceal;

hide away or cache; produce and release a substance into an organism; CF. secre tive@sect@/sekt/ separate religious body; faction; group of people with c ommon beliefs within a larger group@sectarian@/sek'terin/ of a sect; narrow-minded ; parochial; N: member of a sect; narrow-minded person@secular@/'sekjul/ worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal@sedate@/si'deit/ composed (with no excitement); grave; V: administer a sedative to; CF. sedative@ sedentary@/'sedntri/ requiring sitting; done while sitting; not moving from o ne place to another; settled; Ex. sedentary job/population@sedition@/si'din/ conduct or language inciting rebellion; rebellion; resistance to authority; insu bordination; ADJ. seditious@seduce@/si'dju:s/ lead away from proper conduct; e ntice; ADJ. seductive@sedulous@/'sedjuls/ diligent; assiduous; paying atte ntion; N. sedulity@seedy@/'si:di/ run-down; decrepit; disreputable; having many seeds; Ex. seedy downtown hotel@seemly@/'si:mli/ (of behavior) proper; ap propriate@seep@/si:n/ pass slowly through small openings; ooze; trickle; N. se epage@seethe@/si:/ be violently disturbed; boil; (of a liquid) move about w ildly as if boiling; Ex. The nation was seething with discontent.@seine@/sein/ seine net; net for catching fish@seismic@/'saizml/ pertaining to earthquake s@selective@/si'lektiv/ careful in choosing; having an effect only on certain th ings; not general; Ex. eclectic weed killer@self-indulgence@null excessiv e indulgence of one's own desire@self-righteous@null sure of one's own righte ousness; moralistic@semblance@/'semblns/ outward appearance; guise; Ex. We called in the troops to bring a/some semblance of order to the city.@seminal@/'si:minl / related to seed or semen; germinal; creative; providing a basis for furt her development; influencing future developments; Ex. seminal research in a new field@seminary@/'seminri/ school for training future ministers; secondary school, especially for young women@senility@/si'niliti/ old age; feeblemindednes s of old age; ADJ. senile: resulting from old age; showing the weakness of body or mind from old age; Ex. senile dementia@sensitization@/,sensitai'zein/ process of being made sensitive or acutely responsive to an external agent or substance; V. sensitize: make or become sensitive@sensual@/'sensjul/ devoted to the p leasures of the sense; carnal; voluptuous; Ex. sensual woman/curves/lips@sensuou s@/'sensjus/ giving pleasure to the senses; pertaining to the physical senses ; operating through the senses; sensuous feeling of soft velvet on the skin@sent entious@/sen'tens/ pithy; terse; concise; aphoristic@sentient@/'sennt/ capable of sensation and conscious; aware; sensitive; Ex. sentient creature; N. sentience@sentimental@/,senti'mentl/ swayed by sentiment; appealing to the se ntiments@sentinel@/'sentinl/ sentry; lookout@septic@/'septik/ of or ca using sepsis; putrid; producing putrefaction; N. sepsis: poisoning of part of th e body (producing pus)@sepulcher@null tomb; V: place in a sepulcher; ADJ. sepu lchral@sequester@/si'kwest/ isolate; segregate; seclude; retire from public life@sere@/si/ sear; parched; dry@serendipity@/,seren'dipiti/ gift for finding valuable things by accident; accidental good fortune or luck; CF. The Three Pri nces of Serendip@serenity@/si'reniti/ calmness; placidity; ADJ. serene@serpent ine@/'s:pntain/ winding; twisting; of or like a serpent; Ex. serpentine course o f the river; N. serpent: snake@serrated@/'serit/ having a sawtoothed edge ; Ex. serrated leaf@servile@/'s:vail/ slavish; cringing; N. servility@servitud e@/'s:vitjud/ slavery; compulsory labor imposed as a punishment@sever@/'sev/ separate; cut off (a part) from a whole; break up (a relationship); N. severance ; CF. severance pay: extra pay given an employee upon leaving a position@severit y@/si'veriti/ harshness; intensity; sternness; austerity; ADJ. severe: harsh; strict; extremely violent or intense@sextant@/'sekstnt/ navigation tool used to determine a ship's latitude and longitude (by measuring the altitudes of stars)@ shack@/k/ crude cabin@shackle@/'kl/ chain; fetter; confine with shackles; N.@shad id/ slight difference in degree; nuance; degree of color; Ex. shades of mean ing/grey@sham@/m/ pretend; feign; ADJ: not genuine; fake; Ex. sham jewelry; N: som ething that is not what it appears; impostor; pretense; Ex. The agreement was a sham.@shambles@/'mblz/ (place or scene of) complete disorder or ruin; wreck; me ss; Ex. After the hurricane, the coast was a shambles.@Shangri-la@null imaginar y remote paradise on earth; CF. Lost Horizon@shard@/:d/ fragment generally of br oken pottery (glass, clay bowl, or cup)@shaving@/'eivi/ very thin piece, usually

of wood (cut from a surface with a sharp blade)@sheaf@/i:f/ bundle of stalks of grain; any bundle of things tied together@shear@/i/ remove (fleece or hair) by cutting; remove the hair or fleece from; cut with or as if with shears; N: sh ears; pair of scissors@sheathe@/i:/ place into a case; insert into or provid e with a sheath; Ex. He sheathed his dagger; N. sheath: case for a blade@shed@/ed / small roofed structure for storage and shelter; V: pour forth; lose by n atural process; repel without allowing penetration; radiate; cast; Ex. shed tear s/light/water/skin/leaves@sheer@/i/ pure; thin and transparent; very steep@s herbet@/':bt/ flavored dessert ice@shift@ change position or place; exchan ge (one thing) for another; change in direction or position; Ex. shift the stole n goods; N. group of workers which takes turns with other groups; working period of such a group@shimmer@/'im/ shine with a flickering light; glimmer intermitt ently; Ex. The moonlight shimmered on the water; N.@shirk@/:k/ avoid (responsib ility, work, etc.); malinger@shoddy@/'di/ made of inferior material; sham; not gen uine; inferior; dishonest; Ex. shoddy goods/trick@shoot@/u:t/ new growth from a plant@shove@/v/ push forward; push roughly; Ex. pushing and shoving to get on th e bus; N.@shrew@/ru:d/ scolding woman; very small mouselike animal@shrewd@/ru:d/ clever; astute@shrivel@/'rivl/ make or become shrunken and wrinkled (often by d rying)@shudder@/'d/ shake uncontrollably; tremble; V.@shuffle@/'fl/ mix toge ther; jumble; move (something) from one place to another; slide (the feet) along the ground while walking; Ex. shuffle papers from one pile to another; N.@shun@ null keep away from; avoid deliberately; Ex. She has been shunned by her neig hbors.@shunt@/nt/ move (a railway train) from one track to another; turn aside; di vert; sidetrack; Ex. shunt traffic around an accident; N.@shyster@/'aist/ lawyer u sing questionable methods; unscrupulous practioner@sibling@/'sibli/ brother or sister@sibylline@/si'bilain/ prophetic; oracular; N. sibyl: woman prophet (in the ancient world)@sidereal@/sai'diril/ relating to stars; Ex. sidereal day@side track@ switch (a railroad car) to a siding; divert from a main issue; N. CF. si ding: short section of railroad track connected by switches with a main track@si ft@/sift/ put through a sieve to separate fine from coarse particles; sort or examine carefully@significant@/sig'nifiknt/ expressing a meaning; important; Ex. significant smile; N. significance: importance; meaning; V. signify: denote ; mean; signal; make known; matter; be significant@silt@/silt/ sediment deposit ed by running water (at the entrance to a harbor or by a bend in a river)@simian @/'simin/ monkeylike; N: ape or monkey@simile@/'simili/ comparison of on e thing with another, using the word like or as@simper@/'simp/ smirk; smile in a silly way; smile affectedly@simplistic@ oversimplified@simulate@/'simjul eit/ feign; imitate@sinecure@/'sainikju/ well-paid position with little r esponsibility; CF. sine cure: without care; CF. San Serif@sinewy@/'sinju:i/ (of meat) tough; strong and firm; muscular; N. sinew: tendon; strong cord connec ting a muscle to a bone@singular@/'sigjul/ being only one; individual; uniq ue; extraordinary; odd; Ex. singular beauty/behavior@sinister@/'sinist/ evil; om inous@sinuous@/'sinjus/ twisting; winding; bending in and out; not morally hones t@siren@/'sairin/ apparatus for making sounds; womanlike creature@skeptic@ /'skeptik/ sceptic; doubter; person who suspends judgment until he has exam ined the evidence supporting a point of view; ADJ. skeptical; N. skepticism; sce pticism@skiff@/skif/ small light sailboat or rowboat@skim@/skim/ read or glance through quickly; touch lightly in passing; brush; remove from the surface of a liquid@skimp@/skimp/ provide or use scantily; live very economically; Ex. skimp on necessities; ADJ. skimpy: inadequate in amount; scanty; stingy; ni ggardly@skinflint@/'skinflint/ miser; stingy person@skirmish@/'sk:mi/ minor fi ght; minor battle in war; V.@skittish@/'skiti/ inconstant; capricious; frivolou s; not serious; Ex. charming but skittish young woman; CF. skit@skulduggery(skul lduggery)@null dishonest behavior or action; Ex. skulduggery in the election@sk ulk@/sklk/ move furtively and secretly; Ex. He skulked through the less fas hionable sections of the city.@slack@/slk/ moving slowly; sluggish; inactiv e; (of a rope) loose; negligent; lax; Ex. slack season; Ex. slack in one's work; N. V.@slacken@/'slkn/ slow up; loosen; make or become slack@slag@/slg/ glassy r esidue from smelting metal; dross; waste matter@slake@/sleik/ satisfy (thirst) ; quench; sate@slander@/'sl:nd/ defamation; utterance of false and malicious sta

tements; V. ADJ. slanderous@slap@/slp/ hit quickly with the flat part of the ha nd; N. CF. smack@slapdash@/'slpd/ hasty and careless; haphazard; sloppy(carelessly done)@slaughter@/'sl:t/ killing of animals for food; massacre; V: butcher (anima ls) for food; kill in large numbers@slavish@/'sleivi/ of or like a slave; serv ile; showing no originality; copied very closely; Ex. slavish devotion/copy of t he original@sleazy@/'sli:zi/ shabby and dirty; flimsy; insubstantial; Ex. sle azy back-street hotel/fabric@sledge@/sled/ large sled drawn by work animals @sleek@/sli:k/ smooth and shining (as from good health); V.@sleeper@/'sli:p/ one that achieves unexpected success; something originally of little value or im portance that in time becomes very valuable@sleigh@/sled/ large vehicle dr awn by a horse over snow or ice@sleight@/slait/ dexterity; CF. sleight of hand: legerdemain; quickness of the hands in doing tricks@slew@/slu:/ large quantity o r number; Ex. slew of errands left@slick@/slik/ make smooth or glossy; N: smooth surface; Ex. oil slick; ADJ: smooth; glossy; deftly executed; adroit; glib@slig ht@/slait/ insult to one's dignity; snub; V: treat as if of small importanc e; insult; snub; ADJ. small in size; of small importance@slink@/slik/ move fur tively; ADJ. slinky: stealthy; furtive; sneaky (as in ambush)@slipshod@/'slipd/ slovenly; careless; sloppy; untidy; shabby; Ex. slipshod work@slither@/'sli/ slip or slide@sloth@/slouq/ slow moving tree-dwelling mammal; laziness; ADJ. slothful: lazy; indolent@slough@/slau/ (of a snake) shed or cast off (dead oute r skin); N: outer layer that is shed@slovenly@/'slvnli/ untidy; careless in work habits; slipshod; N. sloven: one who is habitually untidy or careless@sluggard@ /'slgd/ lazy person@sluggish@/'slgi/ lazy; slow; inactive; lethargic; CF. slu g: nail with no shell@sluice@/slu:s/ artificial channel for directing or cont rolling the flow of water (with a gate to regulate the flow)@slur@/sl:/ pronounc e indistinctly; speak indistinctly; mumble@sly@/slai/ clever in deceiving; sec retive; not telling one's intentions@smart@/sm:t/ intelligent; quick and e nergetic; fashionable; Ex. smart pace/restaurant; V: cause or feel a sharp pain; N: smarting pain@smattering@/'smtri/ slight knowledge; small scattered number or amount; Ex. smattering of German@smear@/smi/ spread or cover with a sticky su bstance; N: mark made by smearing@smelt@/smelt/ melt (ore) for separating and re moving the metal; melt or blend ores changing their chemical composition@smirk@/ sm:k/ conceited smile; offensively self-satisfied smile (often at someone else 's misfortune); V.@smolder@/'smould/ smoulder; burn slowly without flame; be liable to break out at any moment; exist in a suppressed state; Ex. smoldering a nger@smother@/'sm/ kill from lack of air; suppress; cover thickly; Ex. smothered in little stickers@smudge@/smd/ dirty mark with unclear edges made by rubbing; V .@smug@/smg/ self-satisfied; complacent@sneak@/sni:k/ move, give, or t ake in a quiet, stealthy way; N: one who sneaks; ADJ. sneaky@snicker@/'snik/ half-stifled(suppressed) laugh; V.@snip@/snip/ short quick cut with scissors; V : cut with scissors@snivel@/'snivl/ complain or whine tearfully; run at the nose; snuffle; Ex. Don't come back sniveling to me.@snub@/snb/ ignore or behave coldly toward; Ex. I made a suggestion but she snubbed me; N.@snuffle@/'snfl/ sniffle; sniff repeatedly (in order to keep liquid from running out of the nose) @soar@/s:/ rise or fly high in the air; Ex. The rocket soared into the sky. @sober@/'soub/ serious; solemn; not drunken; abstemious or temperate; V: make o r become sober@sobriety@/sou'braiti/ moderation (especially regarding indulge nce in alcohol); seriousness@sodden@/'sdn/ thoroughly soaked; dull or stupi d as if from drink@sojourn@/'sd:n/ temporary stay; V: stay for a time@solace@/'sls/ comfort in sorrow or trouble; consolation; V: comfort or console in time of sorr ow or trouble@solder@/'sold/ repair or make whole by using a metal alloy; N: metal alloy (usually tin and lead) used in the molten state to join metallic par ts@solecism@/'slisizm/ nonstandard grammatical construction; construction that is flagrantly incorrect grammatically; violation of social etiquette@solemnity@/ s'lemniti/ seriousness; gravity@solicit@/s'lisit/ entreat; request earnest ly; seek to obtain; Ex. solicit votes; CF. solicitor: one who solicits; chief la w officer@solicitor@/s'lisit/ lawyer in the lower court of law@solicitous@/s'li sits/ anxious; worried; concerned; eager; Ex. solicitous to do something; N. s olicitude@soliloquy@/s'likkwi/ talking to oneself (esp. in a play); CF. monolog ue: soliloquy; long speech by one person (often monopolizing a conversation)@sol

itude@/'slitju:d/ state of being alone; seclusion; ADJ. solitary: existing or living alone (esp. by choice); remote or secluded; single; sole; Ex. solitar y life/inn; Ex. no solitary piece of proof@solstice@/'slstis/ point or time at which the sun is farthest from the equator@soluble@/'sljubl/ able to be disso lved in a liquid; able to be worked out or solved@solvent@/'slvnt/ substanc e that dissolves another; ADJ: capable of dissolving another substance@somatic@/ s'mtik/ pertaining to the body; bodily; physical@somber@/'smb/ dark; gloomy; lancholy; depressing; CF. shadow@somnambulist@/sm'nmbjulist/ sleepwalker; V. somnambulate; N. somnambulism@somnolent@/'smnlnt/ half asleep; drowsy; N. somnolen ce@sonic@/'snik/ of sound or its speed in air; CF. subsonic, supersonic@sonnet@/' snit/ 14-line poetic verse form with a fixed rhyme pattern@sonorous@/s'n:rs/ resonant; producing a full deep sound; producing sound@soothsayer@/'su:q,sei/ one who foretells the future@sophist@/'sfist/ teacher of philosophy; quibbler; employer of fallacious reasoning; N. sophism: plausible but fallacious argument @sophisticated@/s'fistikeitid/ worldly wise and urbane; refined; complex; N. so phistication; V. sophisticate@sophistry@/'sfistri/ seemingly plausible but fallacious reasoning; sophism@sophomoric@/,sf'mrik/ immature; half-baked; li ke a sophomore@soporific@/,soup'rifik/ sleep-causing; marked by sleepiness; dro wsy@sordid@/'s:did/ filthy; foul; base; vile; Ex. sordid bed/story@sound@/sa und/ in good condition; showing good judgment or good sense; thorough; comple te; Ex. sound mind/investment/training@sour@/'sau/ having a sharp or acid t aste; acid; tart; bad-tempered; V.@sovereign@/'svrin/ ruler in a monarchy; ADJ : (of a country) independent and self-governing; having supreme power; supreme; excellent@sovereignty@/'svrinti/ complete independence and self-government (of a country); supremacy of authority; power to govern@sow@/sau/ plant or scatter seed@spangle@/'spgl/ small shiny metallic piece sewn to clothing for ornament ation@spare@/spe/ give; use; refrain from harming; save from experiencing; exempt; Ex. spare me 5 minutes; Ex. Take this money and spare my life; Ex. The emperor was spared the onus; ADJ: kept in reserve; free for other use; unoccupie d; Ex. spare time@sparse@/sp:s/ not thick; thinly scattered; scanty@Spartan@/'sp: tn/ without attention to comfort; lacking luxury and comfort; sternly discip lined; Ex. spartan living condition/life@spasmodic@/spz'mdik/ fitful; periodic ; of or like a spasm; N. spasm: sudden involuntary muscular contraction; sudden burst of energy or emotion@spat@/spt/ squabble; minor dispute; minor quarrel@s pate@/speit/ sudden flood or rush; Ex. spate of accidents@spatial@/'speil/ relating to space@spatula@/'sptjul/ broad-bladed instrument used for spreadi ng or mixing@spawn@/sp:n/ lay eggs (in large numbers); produce offspring ( in large numbers); N: eggs of aquatic animals@specious@/'spi:s/ seemingly reason able but incorrect; misleading (often intentionally)@speck@/spek/ small pi ece or mark; Ex. speck of dust in the eye@spectral@/'spektrl/ ghostly; N. spec ter: spectre; ghost; phantom@spectrum@/'spektrm/ colored band produced when a bea m of light passes through a prism; broad and continuous range; Ex. whole spectru m of modern thoughts@speechless@/'spi:tlis/ unable for the moment to speak ( because of strong feeling); Ex. speechless with anger@spendthrift@/'spendqrift/ someone who wastes money; CF. thrift: accumulated wealth@sphinx-like@null enigmatic; mysterious@spin@/spin/ rotate swiftly; make (thread) by twistin g (cotton, wool, etc.); N.@splice@/splais/ join together end to end to make one continuous length; fasten together; unite; Ex. splice two strips of tape; N .@spoilsport@/'spilsp:t/ one who spoils the pleasure of others@spontaneity@/,spnt'n i:iti/ lack of premeditation; naturalness; freedom from constraint; ADJ. sponta neous: self-generated; unpremeditated; happening without being planned@spoof@/sp u:f/ parody@spoonerism@/'spu:nrizm/ accidental transposition of sounds in su ccessive words; Ex. ``Let me sew you to your sheet'' for ``Let me show you to yo ur seat''; CF. William Spooner@sporadic@/sp'rdik/ occurring irregularly; intermitt ent@sportive@/'sp:tiv/ playful; frolicsome; merry; CF. sport: play or frolic; C F. sportsmanlike@sprout@/spraut/ begin to grow; give off shoots or buds; N: new growth on a plant; shoot@spruce@/spru:s/ neat and trim in appearance; sma rt; Ex. Be spruce for your job interview; V.@spry@/sprai/ (esp. of older p eople) vigorously active; nimble@spurious@/'spjuris/ false; counterfeit; forg ed; illogical; Ex. spurious arguments@spurn@/sp:n/ reject disdainfully; sco

rn; Ex. She spurned all offers of help.@squabble@/'skwbl/ minor quarrel; b ickering; V: engage in a minor quarrel; Ex. squabbling children@squalor@/skw'lidi ti/ condition of being squalid; filth; degradation; dirty neglected state; A DJ. squalid: dirty; sordid; morally repulsive; Ex. squalid story@squander@/'skwnd/ waste; spend foolishly@squash@/skw/ crush; quash; suppress@squat@/skwt/ short and thick; stocky; Ex. ugly squat tower; V. N.@squeamish@/'skwi:mi/ easily shocked or sickened by unpleasant things; fastidious; Ex. A nurse should not be squeamish.@squelch@/skwelt/ produce a splashing sound (when stepping through mud); crush; squash;@staccato@/st'k:tou/ played in an abrupt manner; mark ed by abrupt sharp sound; Ex. staccato applause@stagnant@/'stgnnt/ (of wate r) not flowing (often bad-smelling); motionless; stale; not developing; inactive ; dull; Ex. stagnant industrial output@staid@/steid/ serious and sedate; sobe r; Ex. staid during the funeral ceremony@stalemate@/'steil'meit/ deadlock ; situation in which further action is blocked@stalwart@/'st:lwt/ physically stron g; brawny; steadfast; strong in mind or determination; Ex. stalwart supporter; N : stalwart follower@stamina@/'stmin/ power of endurance; strength; staying po wer@stammer@/'stm/ speak with involuntarily pauses or repetitions@stamp@/stm p/ step on heavily (so as to crush or extinguish); put an end to; imprint o r impress with a mark, design, or seal; shape with a die; characterize; Ex. mach ine stamping out car bodies; Ex. newspaper stamping him as a liar; N. stamping; implement us@stampede@/stm'pi:d/ sudden frenzied rush (of panic-stricken animals or people); V: participate in or cause stampede; Ex. stampede before the price r ises@stanch@/st:nt/ stop or check flow of blood; Ex. stanch the gushing woun d@standstill@/'stndstil/ condition of no movement or activity; stop@stanza@/'stnz/ division of a poem (composed of two or more lines)@start@/st:t/ move suddenly or involuntarily; Ex. start at the sight of a snake@stately@/'steitli/ formal; ceremonious; grand in style or size; majestic@static@/'sttiks/ having no motion ; unchanging; lacking development; N. stasis: stable state@statute@/'sttju:t/ law enacted by the legislature@statutory@/'sttjutri/ created by statute or le gislative action; regulated by statute; Ex. statutory age limit@steadfast@/'sted fst/ steadily loyal; unswerving; steady@stealth@/stelq/ action of moving secretly or unseen; slyness; sneakiness; secretiveness; ADJ. stealthy@steep@/st i:p/ soak; saturate; Ex. steep the fabric in the dye bath; ADJ: precipitous@s tellar@ pertaining to the stars; of a star performer; outstanding; Ex. stellar a ttraction of the entire performance@stem@ stop or check (the flow of); Ex. stem the bleeding from the slashed artery; N: main axis of a plant; stalk@stem_ from@null arise from; originate from@stench@/'stent/ strong foul odor ; reek; stink@stentorian@/sten't:rin/ (of the voice) extremely loud; CF. Stent or: a loud herald in the Iliad@stereotype@/'stiri'skpi/ one regarded as embodyin g a set image or type; fixed and unvarying representation; standardized mental p icture often reflecting prejudice; Ex. stereotype of the happy slave; V: make a stereotype of; represent by a stereotype; Ex. It is wrong to ster@sterile@/'ster ail/ incapable of producing young; free from microorganism; V. sterilize@stic kler@/'stikl/ perfectionist; person who insists things be exactly right@stifle @/'staifl/ suppress; extinguish; inhibit; smother or suffocate@stigma@/'sti gm/ token of disgrace; brand; V. stigmatize: mark with a stigma; characteriz e as disgraceful@stilted@/'stiltid/ bombastic; stiffly pompous; Ex. stilted rhetoric; CF. stiff: formal@stink@/stik/ stench; V: emit a strong foul odor@stint @/stint/ supply; allotted amount of work; assigned portion of work; limit ation; Ex. two-year stint in the army; Ex. without stint@stipend@/'staipend/ pay for services@stipple@/'stipl/ paint or draw with dots or short strokes @stipulate@/'stipjuleit/ state as a necessary condition (of an agreement) ; make express conditions; specify; Ex. He stipulated payment in advance@stock@ standard; kept regularly in stock or supply; typical; routine; common; Ex. stock sizes of paper; Ex. stock excuse/character; N: goods for sale in a shop; OP. un ique@stockade@/st'keid/ wooden enclosure or pen; fixed line of posts used as def ensive barrier@stodgy@/'stdii/ dull; stuffy; boringly conservative; Ex. stodgy book@stoic@/stouik/ stoical; impassive; unmoved by joy or grief; N. CF. stoi cism@stoke@/stouk/ stir up a fire or furnace; feed plentifully@stolid@/'stli d/ dull; impassive; showing little emotion when strong feelings are expecte

d@stoop@/stu:p/ bend forward and down; lower or debase oneself; fall to a lower standard of behavior by doing something; condescend; Ex. stoop to lying@stout@/s tout/ rather fat; strong in body; sturdy; resolute; determined; strong in dete rmination; Ex. stout stick/supporter@straggle@/'strgl/ stray or fall behind (a main group); spread out in a scattered group; Ex. straggling marathon racer; Ex. straggling branch@strangle@/'strgl/ kill by choking or suffocating; suppress @stratagem@/'strtiddm/ deceptive scheme; clever trick@stratified@ divided into classes; arranged into strata; V. stratify@stratum@ layer of earth's surface; layer of society; PL. strata@strew@/stru:/ spread randomly; sprinkl e; scatter; Ex. flower girl strewing rose petals@striated@/'straiit/ marked w ith parallel bands; striped; grooved; Ex. striated rocks; V. striate; N. stria: thin groove or line@stricture@/'strikt/ severe and adverse criticism; critical c omments; limit or restriction@strident@/'staidnt/ loud and harsh; insisten t; N. stridency@stringent@/'stridnt/ (of rules) binding; rigid; marked by sca rcity of money; Ex. stringent economic conditions@strut@/strt/ supporting bar; CF. airplane wing building support@studied@/'stdid/ carefully contrived; cal culated; unspontaneous; deliberate; thoughtful; Ex. studied remark@studious@/'st ju:djs/ given to diligent study@stultify@/'stltifai/ make stupid in mind; cau se to appear or become stupid or inconsistent; suppress; frustrate or hinder; Ex . stultifying effect of uninteresting work; Ex. stultify free expression@stumble @/'stmbl/ trip and almost fall; proceed unsteadily; act falteringly; N.@st ump@/stmp/ base of a tree trunk left after the rest has been cut down; V: w alk in a heavy manner; baffle; puzzle@stun@/stn/ make unconscious or numb as by a blow; amaze; astound@stupefy@/'stju:pifai/ stun; make numb (as with a drug) ; amaze@stupor@/'stju:p/ state of being stupefied; state of apathy; daze; lack of awareness@sturdy@/'st:di/ strong and firm (in the body)@stygian@/'stidin/ unpleasantly dark; gloomy; hellish; deathly; CF. Styx: the chief river in the su bterranean land of the dead@stymie@ thwart; present an obstacle; stump@suavi ty@/'swviti/ urbanity; polish; ADJ. suave: smooth and courteous@subaltern@/'sb ltn/ subordinate@subdue@/sb'dju:/ less intense; quieter; Ex. subdued light ing; Ex. subdue: conquer; make less intense; quiet; Ex. subdue one's anger@subje ctive@/sb'dektiv/ influenced by personal feelings; occurring or taking place withi n the mind; unreal; Ex. subjective sensation of the ghostly presence@subjugate@/ 'sbdugeit/ conquer; bring under control@sublimate@/'sblimit/ refine; purify; replace (natural urges) with socially acceptable activities; change betw een a solid state and a gaseous state@sublime@/s'blaim/ causing deep feelings of wonder, joy, respect, etc.; exalted; noble and uplifting; utter@subliminal@/sb'l iminl/ below the threshold of conscious perception; Ex. subliminal advertisemen t@submerge@/sb'm:d/ place under water; dip; go under water; cover completely (as with water); Ex. submerged in work@submissive@/sb'misiv/ willing to obey orders; yielding; timid@subordinate@/s'b:dnit/ occupying a lower rank; inferior ; submissive; N. V: put in a lower rank or class@suborn@/s'b:n/ persuade to act unlawfully (especially to commit perjury); N. subornation@subpoena@/sb'pi:n/ writ(written command issued by a court) summoning a witness to appear in court; V: summon with a subpoena@subsequent@/'sbsikwnt/ following in time or order; late r@subservient@/sb's:vjnt/ behaving like a slave; servile; obsequious; subordinate; N. subservience@subside@/sb'said/ sink to a lower level; settle down; sink to the bottom (as a sediment); descend; grow quiet; become less; moderate; abat e@subsidiary@/sb'saidns/ serving to assist; subordinate; secondary; of a subsidy; N.@subsidy@ direct financial aid by government, etc.; V. subsidize: assist w ith a subsidy@subsistence@/sb'sistns/ existence; means of subsisting; means of support; livelihood; V. subsist: exist; maintain life (at a meager level)@subst antial@ of substance; material; solid; essential or fundamental; ample; consider able; well-to-do; wealthy@substantiate@/sb'stnieit/ support (a claim) with e vidence; establish with evidence; verify@substantive@/'sbstntiv/ substantial; ess ential; pertaining to the substance; substantial; considerable; Ex. substantive issues@subsume@/sb'sju:m/ include (as a member of a group); encompass@subt erfuge@/'sbtfju:d/ stratagem(deceptive scheme); pretense; evasion; Ex. resort to a harmless subterfuge@subtlety@/'stlti/ perceptiveness; ingenuity; delicacy; ADJ . subtle: delicate; so slight as to be difficult to detect; able to make fine di

stinctions; clever; Ex. subtle mind/differences in meaning@subversive@/sb'v:siv/ tending to overthrow or ruin; V. subvert: overthrow completely (an established s ystem); destroy completely; CF. undermine ?@succor@/'sk/ assist (someone in diffi culty); aid; comfort; N.@succulent@/'skjulnt/ juicy; full of juice or sap; ful l of richness; N: succulent plant such as a cactus@succumb@/s'km/ yield (to someth ing overwhelming); give in; die; Ex. succumb to the illness@suckle@/'skl/ give or take milk at the breast or udder@suffocate@/'sfkeit/ die or kill from lack of air; suppress@suffragist@/'sfrdist/ advocate of the extension of vot ing rights (for women); CF. suffrage@suffuse@/s'fju:z/ spread through or over ( with a color or liquid); charge; Ex. A blush suffused her cheeks.@suitor@/'sju:t/ man who is courting a woman@sullen@/'sln/ silently showing ill humor or resentment ; dark; gloomy@sully@/'sli/ defile; soil; tarnish; Ex. sully one's hands in menial labor@sultry@/'sltri/ (of weather) hot; sweltering; sensual; voluptuou s@summation@ act of finding the total; summing-up; summary (esp. one given by the judge at the end of a trial)@sumptuous@/'smptjus/ grand suggesting great e xpense; lavish; rich; Ex. sumptuous feast@sunder@/'snd/ separate; part; CF. asun der@sundry@/'sndri/ miscellaneous; various; several; N. sundries: small misc ellaneous items@superannuated@/,sju:p'rnjueit/ retired or disqualified because of age; outmoded; obsolete@supercilious@/,sju:p'silis/ haughty; arrogant; conde scending; patronizing; CF. eyebrow, cilium@supererogatory@/,sju:pr'rgtri/ superflu ous; more than needed or demanded@superficial@ of the surface; not deep; shallo w; not thorough; trivial; Ex. superficial analysis/knowledge@superfluous@ excessive; overabundant; unnecessary; N. superfluity@superimpose@/,sju:prim'pouz/ place over something else@supernumerary@/,sju:p'nju:mrri/ person or thing excess o f what is necessary; extra; ADJ: additional to the usual or necessary number@sup ersede@/,sju:p'si:d/ replace; cause to be set aside; make obsolete; N. supers ession@supine@/sju:'pain/ lying on back; passive; inactive; Ex. The defeat ed pugilist lay supine; Ex. supine acceptance of the decision@supplant@/s'pl:nt/ take the place of unfairly; usurp; replace@supple@/'spl/ flexible; limber; pliant @suppliant@/'splint/ entreating; beseeching; N.@supplicant@ one who supplica tes; ADJ.@supplicate@/'splikeit/ petition humbly; pray to grant a favor@suppositi on@ assumption; hypothesis; surmise; V. suppose@supposititious@ assumed; counterfeit; hypothetical@suppress@/s'pres/ put an end to forcibly; subdue; stifle; overwhelm; inhibit the expression of; check; prevent from being publishe d or made public; Ex. suppress a smile; Ex. suppress the magazine/truth@surfeit@ /'s:fit/ satiate; feed or supply to excess; stuff; indulge to excess in anything; N: surfeiting; excessive amount; Ex. surfeit of food@surge@/s:d/ powerful movemen t of or like a wave; V.@surly@/'s:li/ bad-tempered; rude; cross@surmise@/s:'mai z/ guess; N.@surmount@/s:'maunt/ overcome@surpass@/s:'p:s/ exceed@surreptit ious@/,srp'tis/ done secretly; secret; furtive; sneaky; hidden@surrogate@/'srgit/ substitute; person or thing used in place of another; Ex. surrogate mother; ADJ. @surveillance@/s:'veilns/ close observation of a person (esp. one under suspicion) ; watching; guarding@susceptible@ impressionable; easily influenced; sensi tive; having little resistance as to a disease; likely to suffer; receptive to; capable of accepting; Ex. susceptible to persuasion/colds; Ex. The agreement is not susceptible of alteration; N. susceptibility@suspend@/ss'pend/ cause to stop for a period; interrupt; hold in abeyance; defer; hang from above; exclude for a period from a position; Ex. suspended state; Ex. suspend judgment; Ex. su spended from the team; N. suspension@suspense@/ss'pens/ state of being undecided ; anxiety or apprehension resulting from uncertainty@sustain@/ss'tein/ suffer ( harm or loss); experience; support; prop; maintain; keep in existence; nourish ( to maintain life); Ex. sustain the family/the trapped miners@sustenance@/'sstinns/ sustaining; means of livelihood, support, food, nourishment; something that main tains life; food@suture@/'sju:t/ stitches sewn to hold the cut edges of a wound o r incision; material used in sewing; V: sew together a wound@swagger@/'swg/ walk or behave with an over-confident manner@swamp@/swmp/ wetland; marsh; V: flood; overwhelm; drench in with liquid@swarm@/sw:m/ large group of insects m oving in a mass; crowd of people or animals; V: move in a crowd or mass@swarthy@ /'sw:i/ (of a skin or complexion) dark; dusky; Ex. swarthy Italian ?@swathe@/swe i/ swath; wrap around; bandage; Ex. one's head swathed in bandages@sway@/sw

ei/ swing from side to side; influence (someone) to change one's opinion; N. @swear@/swe/ vow; promise; use profane oaths; use offensive words@swear-word@ null word considered offensive; Ex. ``bloody''@swell@/swel/ long wave of wat er that moves continuously without breaking; V.@swelter@/'swelt/ (of a person) su ffer from oppressive heat; be oppressed by heat@swerve@/sw:v/ deviate; turn as ide sharply from a straight course; Ex. swerve from the principle; Ex. The car s werved to the right.@swill@/swil/ drink greedily@swindler@/'swindl/ cheater@swipe@/swaip/ hit with a sweeping motion; N.@sybarite@/'sibrait/ lover of luxury; person devoted to pleasure and luxury; CF. Sybaris: an ancient Greek city in Italy@sycophant@/'sikfnt/ servile flatterer; bootlicker; yes man; ADJ. sycophantic@syllogism@/'sildizm/ logical formula consisting of a major pr emise, a minor premise and a conclusion; deceptive or specious argument@sylvan@/ 'silvn/ pertaining to the woods or the country@symbiosis@/,simbi'ousis/ interdep endent relationship (between groups, species) often mutually beneficial; ADJ. sy mbiotic; CF. together + life@symmetry@ arrangement of parts so that balance is obtained; congruity; ADJ. symmetrical@synchronous@ similarly timed; simulta neous with; occurring at the same time; V. synchronize@synoptic@/si'nptik/ providing a general overview; summary; N. synopsis@synthesis@/'sinqisis/ combinin g parts or separate things into a whole; the whole so formed; PL. syntheses; V. synthesize@synthetic@/sin'qetik/ not natural; artificial; resulting from synthesi s; Ex. synthetic fiber; N.@tablet@/'tblit/ small round piece of medicine; f lat piece of stone or metal bearing an inscription; Ex. stone tablet on the wall @tacit@/'tsit/ understood (without actually being expressed); not put into word s; Ex. tacit agreement@taciturn@/'tsit:n/ habitually silent; talking little@tact@/ tkt/ skill or sensitivity in dealing with people without causing offence@tact ful@ careful no to cause offence; OP. tactless@tactile@/'tktail/ pertaini ng to the organs or sense of touch@taint@/teint/ contaminate; cause to lo se purity; modify with a trace of something bad; Ex. tainted reputation; N: stai n; touch of decay or bad influence; CF. touch@takeoff@/'teik:f/ burlesque; act o f leaving the ground@talisman@/'tlizmn/ charm; object believed to give supernatu ral powers to or protect its bearer@talon@/'tln/ claw of bird@tan@/tn/ convert (hide) into leather; make brown by exposure to the sun@tangential@/tn'denl/ only sli ghtly connected; not central; peripheral; digressing; showing divergence; CF. ta ngent@tangible@/'tndbl/ able to be touched; real; concrete; palpable; possible t o realize or understand; Ex. tangible proof@tanner@/'tn/ person who turns animal hides into leather@tantalize@/'tntlaiz/ tease; excite by exposing something desi rable while keeping it out of reach; torture with disappointment; CF. Tantalus: Greek mythological figure@tantamount@/'tntmaunt/ equivalent in effect or value; E x. This invasion is tantamount to a declaration of war; CF. amount@tantrum@/'tntrm / fit of bad temper; fit of petulance; caprice; Ex. The child went into ta ntrums.@taper@/'teip/ very thin candle; gradual decrease in the width of a lon g object; V. make or become gradually narrower toward one end@tarantula@ venomous spider@tardy@/'t:di/ slow; sluggish; not on time; late; Ex. tardy arr ival@tarnish@/'t:ni/ make or become dull or discolored; N.@tarry@/'t:ri/ linger; delay in starting or going; dawdle@tart@/t:t/ sharp to the taste; acid -tasting; caustic; sarcastic; Ex. tart apple/reply@tatter@/'tt/ torn piece of cl oth; ADJ. tattered: (of clothes) old and torn; (of a person) dressed in old torn clothes@taunt@/t:nt/ deride or provoke; challenge in derision; N.@taut@/t:t/ tight; strained; tense; ready; OP. slack@tautological@/,t:t'ldik/ needlessly repet itious; Ex. ``It was visible to the eye''; N. tautology: needless repetition of the same sense; statement that is always true@tawdry@/'t:dri/ cheap and gaudy; Ex. tawdry jewelry@tawny@/'t:ni/ brownish yellow@taxonomist@/tk'snmist/ specialist in classifying (animals, etc.); CF. taxonomy: science of classificati on@tedium@/'ti:djsnis/ boredom; weariness; ADJ. tedious@teetotalism@ practice of abstaining totally from alcoholic drinks; N. teetotaler;; ADJ. teetotal; CF. T + total@temerity@/ti'meriti/ boldness; nerve; rashness; Ex. temerity to ask f or a pay increase after only three day's work@temper@/'temp/ moderate; make l ess severe; tone down or restrain; toughen (steel) as by alternate heating and c ooling@temperament@/'temprmnt/ characteristic frame of mind; disposition; emoti onal excess; ADJ. temperamental: of temperament; having frequent changes of temp

er; Ex. temperamental dislike of sports; Ex. temperamental actress@temperate@/'t emprit/ moderate; restrained; self-controlled; moderate in respect to temperatur e; CF. temperance: moderation and self-restraint; abstinence of alcoholic drinks ; Ex. temperance society@tempestuous@/tem'pestjus/ stormy; violent; impassi oned; N. tempest: violent storm@tempo@/'tempou/ speed of music@temporal@/'temprl/ of time; not lasting forever; limited by time; temporary; secular; worldly@tempo rize@/'tempraiz/ gain time as by postponing an action; avoid committing oneself@t enacious@/ti'neis/ holding fast (as to a belief); persistent@tenacity@/ti'n eisnis/ firmness; persistence@tenancy@/'tensi/ possession of land or building b y rent; period of a tenant's occupancy@tenant@/'tennt/ one that pays rent to us e property owned by another@tend@/tend/ have a tendency; take care of; minister; serve at; apply one's attention; attend@tendentious@/ten'dens/ promoting a part icular point of view; biased; having an aim; designed to further a cause; Ex. te ndentious rather than truth-seeking; CF. tend: move in a certain direction@tende r@/'tend/ offer formally; extend; Ex. tender one's resignation/the exact f are; N: formal offer; money; Ex. legal tender; ADJ: young and vulnerable; sensit ive to the touch; sore; soft; delicate; Ex. child of tender years; Ex. tender wo und@tenet@/'ti:net/ doctrine; dogma@tensile@/'tensail/ capable of being stretched; of tension; Ex. tensile rubber@tension@/'tenn/ stretching; cond ition of being stretched; mental strain; strained relationship between groups or people@tentative@/'tenttiv/ not fully worked out or developed; provisional; experimental; uncertain; hesitant; not definite or positive; Ex. tentative agree ment/reply@tenuous@/'tenjus/ thin; slim; rare@tenure@/'tenju/ holding of an of fice or real estate; time during which such an office is held@tepid@/'tepid/ lukewarm; slightly warm; half-hearted; not eager; Ex. tepid reaction to the new film; Ex. tepid supporter@terminal@ part that forms the end; railroad or bus station; ADJ. forming an end; ending in death; fatal; Ex. terminal cancer@termi nation@/,t:mi'nein/ end; V. terminate@terminology@ terms used in a science or art; study of nomenclature@terminus@/'t:mins/ last stop of railroad; end@terre strial@/ti'restril/ on or relating to the earth@terse@/t:s/ concise; abrupt; pithy@tertiary@/'t:ri/ third in order or rank@tessellated@/'tesileitid/ mosaic; inlaid; Ex. tessellated pattern@testator@/tes'teit/ maker of a will; CF. testatrix@testy@/'testi/ irritable; impatient and bad-tempered; short-tem pered; N. testiness@tether@/'te/ tie (an animal) with a rope or tether; N: rope o r chain to which an animal is tied; limit of one's endurance; Ex. the end of one 's tether@thematic@/qi'mtik/ of a theme; relating to a unifying motif or idea @theocracy@/qi'krsi/ government run by religious leaders@theoretical@/qi'retik/ based on theory; not practical or applied; hypothetical@therapeutic@/,qer'pju:tik/ curative; N. therapy@thermal@/'q:ml/ pertaining to heat; producing heat; warm ; Ex. thermal bath; N: rising current of warm air@thesis@/'qi:sis/ opinion put forward and supported by reasoned arguments@thespian@ pertaining to dr ama; N: actor or actress@thrall@/qr:l/ slave; bondage; slavery; Ex. Her beauty held him in thrall; CF. enthrall@thrash@/qr/ beat with a whip or flail; defea t utterly; talk about thoroughly in order to find the answer; move wildly or vio lently; Ex. The fishes thrashed about in the net.@threadbare@/'qredbe/ worn thr ough till the threads show; shabby and poor; hackneyed; Ex. threadbare excuses@t hreat@/qret/ sign or warning (of coming danger); Ex. threat of rain; V: expre ss a threat; give warning of (something bad); Ex. The cloud threatens rain.@thre sh@/qre/ beat (cereal plants) with a machine or flail to separate the grains from the straw@thrifty@/'qrifti/ careful about money; economical; N. thrift@thriv e@/qraiv/ prosper; flourish@throb@/qrb/ (of a heart or machine) beat rapidly or violently; N. Ex. hearthrob: heartbeat; sweetheart@throes@ violent anguish@ throng@/qr/ crowd (of people or things); V.@throttle@/'qrtl/ strangle; regulate th peed of with a throttle; N: valve that regulates the flow; CF. throat ?@thwart@/qwk / block or hinder; baffle; frustrate@tickle@/'tikl/ touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter; please@tightwad@/'taitwd/ miser; excessive ly frugal person@tiller@/'til/ handle used to move boat's rudder (to steer)@tim bre@ quality of a musical tone produced by a musical instrument (which distin guishes it from others of the same pitch)@timidity@/ti'miditi/ lack of self-con fidence or courage@timorous@/'timrs/ fearful; timid; demonstrating fear@tinge

@/tind/ give a slight degree of a color or quality to; N: slight degree of a col or or quality; Ex. tinged with grey/jealousy@tint@/tint/ slight degree of color; V: give a tint to@tipple@/'tipl/ drink (alcoholic beverages) freq uently; N: alcoholic drink@tirade@/tai'reid/ long angry denunciatory speech; diatribe; harangue; extended scolding; denunciation@titanic@/tai'tnik/ gigantic ; N. titan@tithe@/tai/ tax of one-tenth (contributed to a church); V: pay a tit he@titillate@/'titileit/ tickle; excite pleasantly; Ex. not to titillate the audience but to enlighten it@title@/'taitl/ name (of a book, film, etc.); ma rk of rank; formal appellation as of rank or office (such as Lord or General); r ight or claim to possession; championship; Ex. title as head of the family; Ex. title to the estate@titter@/'tit/ nervous giggle; nervous laugh; V.@titula r@/'titjul/ of a title; in name only; nominal; having the title of an office without the obligations; Ex. titular head of the company@toady@/'toudi/ servile flatterer; yes man; sycophant; V: be a toady to; fawn@toga@/'toug/ Roman outer robe@token@/'toukn/ outward sign; Ex. a token of our gratitude@toll@ sound (a large bell) slowly at regular intervals; N: sound of a bell; fixed tax or charge@tome@/toum/ large volume; book@tonsure@/'tn/ shaving of the head espe cially by person entering religious orders; V.@topography@/t'pgrfi/ physical features of a region (such as the shape and height); CF. topo-: place@topple@/' tpl/ become unsteady and fall down@torpedo@/t:'pi:dou/ underwater explo sive apparatus; V.@torpor@/'t:p/ lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy; ADJ. torpid: l ethargic; lazy; inactive; (of an animal) dormant; hibernating@torque@ twisting force; force producing rotation@torrent@/'trnt/ rushing stream; flood; Ex. The r ain fell in torrents.@torrid@/'trid/ (of weather) hot or scorching; passionat e; Ex. torrid love affairs@torso@/'t:sou/ trunk of statue with head and li mbs missing; human trunk@tortuous@/'t:tjus/ winding; full of curves; Ex. tor tuous mountain road@toss@/ts/ throw lightly; move or lift (the head) with a su dden motion; flip (a coin) to decide something@totem@/'toutm/ animal, plant, o r natural object serving as a symbol of a clan or family; representation of this ; Ex. totem pole@totter@/'tt/ shake or move unsteadily; sway as if about to fa ll@touching@/'tti/ causing a feeling of pity or sympathy; pathetic; V. touch: cause to feel pity or sympathy; ADJ. touched@touchstone@/'ttstoun/ stone used to te st the fineness of gold alloys; criterion; standard@touchy@/'tti/ oversensitive; e asily offended; irasible; delicate; needing delicate handling; Ex. touchy situat ion@tout@/taut/ promote or publicize (one's goods or service); praise excessivel y (as a form of advertisement); CF. advertise@toxic@/'tksik/ poisonous; N. to xicity@tract@/trkt/ propaganda pamphlet (esp. by a religious or political gr oup); expanse of land; region of indefinite size; system of related organs; Ex. digestive tract@tractable@/'trktbl/ docile; easily managed; (of something) e asily changed or molded; N. tractability@traduce@/tr'dju:s/ expose to slande r@trajectory@ path taken by a projectile; Ex. trajectory of a bullet@tramp@/trm p/ walk with a heavy step; travel on foot; N: vagrant; one who travels aiml essly about; long walk; sound of heavy walking@trample@/'trmpl/ step heavily wit h the feet; crush under the feet@trance@/'tr:ns/ hypnotic state; ecstatic state; detachment from one's physical surrounding (as in contemplation or daydreaming); CF. transition@tranquillity@/tr'kwiliti/ calmness; peace@transcendent@/trn'sendnt/ exceeding ordinary limits; superior; surpassing; V. transcend: go beyond; exceed ; surpass; N. transcendancy@transcendental@/,trnsn'dentl/ going beyond common thou ght or ideas; impossible to understand by practical experiences or practices; kn own only by studying thoughts or intuition; OP. empirical; CF. transcendentalism @transcribe@/trns'kraib/ copy; write a copy of; N. transcription@transgression@/t rns'gren/ violation of a law; sin; V. transgress: go beyond (a limit); violate; do wrong@transient@ staying for a short time; momentary; temporary; N: one t hat is transient@transition@/trn'sin/ going from one state of action to anothe r@transitory@/'trnsitri/ transient; impermanent; fleeting; N. transitoriness@tran slucent@/trnz'lu:snt/ partly transparent@transmute@/trnz'mju:t/ transfor m; change; convert to something different@transparent@/trns'pernt/ permitting light to pass through freely; easily detected; obvious; clear; Ex. transparent lie@tr anspire@/trns'pai/ (of a fact) become known; be revealed; happen; give off (watery waste matter) through pores@transport@/trnsp:t/ strong emotion; rapture;

Ex. in a transport/transports of; V: move to strong emotion; enrapture@transpos e@ reverse the order or position of@trappings@/'trpiz/ outward decorati ons; ornaments (as an outward sign of rank)@traumatic@/tr:'mtik/ (of an experienc e) deeply shocking; pertaining to an injury caused by violence; N. trauma: serio us wound; emotional shock that causes lasting psychological damage@travail@/'trve il/ strenuous work; toil; painful labor; labor of childbirth@traverse@/'trv:s/ go through or across@travesty@/'trvisti/ copy or example of something that comple tely misrepresents the true nature of the real thing; comical parody or imitatio n; treatment aimed at making something appear ridiculous; Ex. travesty of justic e; OP. paragon@tread@/tred/ walk; trample; N: grooved face of a tire; horizo ntal part of a step@treasure@/'tre/ keep as precious; cherish@treatise@/'tri :tiz/ article treating a subject systematically and thoroughly@trek@/trek/ travel; journey; V: make a long difficult journey@tremor@/'trem/ trembling; sligh t quiver (as of the earth or from nervous agitation)@tremulous@/'tremjul/ trembling; wavering@trenchant@/'trentnt/ cutting; incisive; keen@trepidation@/,tr epi'dein/ fear; nervous apprehension@tribulation@/,tribju'lein/ sufferin g; ordeal; distress; trial@tribunal@ court of justice@tribune@/'tribju:n/ official of ancient Rome elected by the plebians to protect their rights; protec tor of the people@tribute@/'tribju:t/ tax levied by a ruler; payment made by o ne nation to another in acknowledgment of submission; mark of respect (such as p raise or gift); Ex. pay tribute to@trickle@/'trikl/ flow in drops or in a th in stream; N.@trickster@/'trikst/ person who cheats people@trident@/'traidn t/ three-pronged spear@trifle@/'traifl/ something of little importance o r value; small amount; Ex. a trifle; V: treat without seriousness; flirt@triflin g@/'traifli/ trivial; unimportant@trigger@/'trig/ set off; start@trilogy@/ 'trildi/ group of three related works (connected by a shared subject but each com plete in itself)@trim@/trim/ make neat or tidy by clipping; reduce by removin g what is unnecessary; ornament; decorate (round the edges); Ex. trim the cost; Ex. jacket trimmed with fur; N. ADJ: tidy; in good order@trinket@/'trikit/ knickknack; bauble; cheap jewelry@trite@/trait/ hackneyed; commonplace@trivia@/' trivim/ trifles; unimportant matters@troth@/'trt/ pledge of good faith especial in betrothal; betrothal; Ex. by my troth@trough@/trf/ long narrow container fo r feeding farm animals; lowest point (of a wave, business cycle, etc.); long nar row depression as between waves@truculence@/'trkjulns/ aggressiveness; ferocity ; ADJ. truculent: aggressive; pugnacious; fierce@truism@/'tru:izm/ self-evi dent truth@truncate@/'trkeit/ cut the top off; shorten@trunk@/trk/ main woo den stem of a tree; human body excluding the head and limbs; torso; prehensile n ose of an elephant@tryst@/traist/ meeting arranged by lovers; arrangement between lovers to meet@tumid@/'tju:mid/ (of a part of the body) swollen; distend ed; bombastic; pompous@tumult@/'tju:mlt/ commotion of a great crowd; riot; noise; uproar; ADJ. tumultuous: noisy and disorderly@tundra@/'tndr/ rolling treeless plain in Siberia and arctic North America@turbid@/'t:bid/ (of a liquid) ha ving the sediment disturbed; muddy; thick@turbulence@ state of violent agitati on; ADJ. turbulent: violently agitated or disturbed@tureen@/t'ri:n/ deep dis h for serving soup@turgid@/'t:did/ swollen; distended (as from liquid)@turm oil@/'t:mil/ extreme confusion; great commotion and confusion; Ex. throw the country into turmoil@turncoat@/'t:nkout/ traitor@turpitude@/'t:pitju:d/ depravit y; baseness; Ex. moral turpitude@tutelage@/'tju:trid/ guardianship; training; function of a tutor; instruction@tutelary@/'tju:til/ protective; pertaining t o a guardianship; Ex. tutelary deities@tycoon@/tai'ku:n/ wealthy and powe rful businessperson; wealthy leader; magnate; Ex. business tycoon@typhoon@/tai'f u:n/ tropical hurricane or cyclone@tyranny@/'tirni/ oppression; cruel govern ment; ADJ. tyrannical: of a tyrant or tyranny; despotic; V. tyrannize: treat tyr annically; oppress@tyro@/'tairou/ beginner; novice@ubiquitous@/ju:'bikwits/ being everywhere; omnipresent; N. ubiquity@ulcer@/'ls/ sore place appearing on the skin inside or outside the body; Ex. stomach ulcer; ADJ. ulcerous; V. ulcera te@ulterior@/l'tiri/ intentionally hidden; beyond what is evident; situated b eyond; unstated and often questionable; Ex. ulterior motive@ultimate@/'ltimit/ final; not susceptible to further analysis; fundamental; Ex. The sun is the ulti mate source of energy.@ultimatum@/,lti'meitm/ last demand; last warning; last

statement of conditions that must be met; Ex. They have ignored our ultimatum.@u mbrage@/'mbrid/ resentment; anger; sense of injury or insult; Ex. take umbrage a t his rudeness@unaccountable@/'n'kauntbl/ unexplicable; impossible to account for; unreasonable or mysterious@unanimity@/,ju:n'nimiti/ complete agreement; ADJ. unanimous@unassailable@/,n'seilbl/ not open to attack; impregnable; not sub ject to question@unassuaged@/'n'sweidd/ unsatisfied; not soothed@unassuming@/'b'sj u:mi/ modest; Ex. the champion's unassuming manner@unbridled@/n'braidld/ violent; uncontrolled; Ex. unbridled rage/greed@uncanny@/n'kni/ strange; mysteri ous; Ex. uncanny knack@unceremonious@/'n,seri'mounjs/ not done politely withou t due formalities@unconscionable@/n'knnbl/ unscrupulous; not guided by conscience; excessive; beyond reason; Ex. unconscionable demand@uncouth@/n'ku:q/ boorish; clumsy in speech or behavior; outlandish@unction@/'kn/ the act of anointing wit h oil; Ex. extreme unction@unctuous@/'tjus/ oily; bland; insincerely suave@u nderhand(underhanded)@null done slyly and secretly (being dishonest)@underl ying@/,nd'laii/ lying below; fundamental@undermine@/,nd'main/ weaken gradually ; sap; dig a mine beneath@underscore@/'ndlain/ underline; emphasize@understate@ /'nd'steit/ state with less truth than seems warranted by the facts; Ex. He understated the seriousness of the crime; N. understatement; OP. overstate@under taker@/,nd'teik/ funeral director; one whose business is to arrange burials@undul ating@/'ndjuleiti/ moving with a wavelike motion; V. undulate; CF. und: wav e@unearth@/'n':q/ dig up; discover (facts) by careful searching; Ex. He unearthed some secrets about her; OP. conceal@unearthly@/'n':qli/ not earthly; supernatura l; weird; ghostly@unequivocal@/'ni'kwivkl/ plain; clear; obvious@unerringly@ infallibly; ADJ. unerring: making no mistakes@unexceptionable@/,nik'sepnbl/ entirely acceptable; not offering any basis for criticism@unfaltering@/n'f:ltri/ steadfast; firm; not changing@unfeigned@/n'feind/ genuine; real@unfetter@/ 'n'fet/ liberate; free from chains; V. unfetter@unfledged@/'n'fledd/ immature ; not having the feathers necessary to fly; CF. fledgling@unfrock@/'n'frk/ defrock; strip a priest or minister of church authority@ungainly@/n'geinli/ (of someone) awkward in movement; clumsy; (of something) unwieldy; Ex. ungainly dancer/instrument@unguent@/'gwnt/ ointment@uniformity@/,ju:ni'f:miti/ sameness ; monotony; ADJ. uniform: the same all over@unilateral@/'ju:ni'ltrl/ one-side d; involving or affecting only one side; Ex. unilateral declaration@unimpeachabl e@/,nim'pi:tbl/ that cannot be impeached; beyond doubt or question; blameless an d exemplary@uninhibited@/'nin'hibitid/ unrepressed; free in behavior and feelin gs@unintimating@null unfrightening@unique@/ju:'ni:k/ without an equal; single in kind@unison@/'ju:nizn/ unity of pitch (in musical performance); complet e accord; Ex. The choir sang in unison.@universal@/,ju:ni'v:sl/ characterizing o r affecting all; general; present everywhere; of the universe; cosmic; Ex. unive rsal agreement; Ex. a subject of universal interest@unkempt@/'n'kempt/ dishevel ed; uncared for in appearance; not combed; CF. comb@unmitigated@/n'mitigeitid/ (of something bad) not moderated; unrelieved or immoderate; without qualificatio n; absolute; Ex. unmitigated disaster@unobtrusive@ inconspicuous; not blata nt@unprecedented@/n'presidntid/ having no previous example; novel; unparalleled@ unprepossessing@/'n,pri:p'zesi/ unattractive@unravel@/ n'r v l/ disentangle; sol ve@unregenerate@/' nri'd en rit/ making no attempt to change one's bad pr actices@unrequited@/' nri'kwaitid/ not requited; not reciprocated; Ex. unre quited love@unruly@/ n'ru:li/ disobedient; lawless; difficult to control@unsav ory@null distasteful; disagreeable; morally offensive; Ex. unsavory activ ity/reputation@unscathed@/' n'skei d/ unharmed; Ex. escape the accident unscat hed@unseemly@/ n'si:mli/ unbecoming; not proper in behavior; indecent; Ex . leave with unseemly haste@unsightly@/ n'saitli/ ugly; unpleasant to look at@unsullied@/' n's lid/ untarnished; CF. sully@untenable@/' n'ten bl/ (of a position, esp. in an argument) indefensible; not able to be maintained@unt oward@/ n'tou d/ unexpected and adverse; unfortunate or unlucky; Ex. unto ward encounter@unwarranted@/ n'w r ntid/ unjustified; having no justifica tion; groundless; baseless; undeserved@unwieldy@/ n'wi:ldi/ awkward (to carr y or move); cumbersome; unmanageable@unwitting@/ n'witi / not knowing; una ware; unintentional; Ex. She was their unwitting accomplice; Ex. unwitting insul t; CF. wit: know@unwonted@/ n'wountid/ unaccustomed; unusual; Ex. He arrived wi

th unwonted punctuality.@upbraid@/ p'breid/ reprimand; severely scold@uprigh t@/' p'rait/ (sitting or standing) straight up; honest; moral@uproar@/' p,r : / noisy confusion@uproarious@/' p,r :ri s/ marked by commotion or u proar; very noisy (esp. with laughter); hilarious; causing loud laughter; extrem ely funny@upshot@/' p t/ outcome; final result@urbane@/ :'bein/ suave; r efined in manner; elegant@urchin@/' :t in/ mischievous child (usually a boy ); CF. urchin: hedgehog; CF. porcupine: pig with spikes ?; CF. sea urchin@urge@/ :d / drive or force forward (by causing impulses); drive to take action; impe l; entreat earnestly; Ex. urge horses; N: impulse that prompts action@urgent@/' :d nt/ compelling immediate action; pressing; persistent; importunate; Ex. urge nt in his demands@ursine@/' :sain/ bearlike; pertaining to a bear@usage@ act or manner of using; accepted practice; way in which words are actually used@ usurp@/ju:'z :p/ seize another's power or rank (without legal authority); supplant; appropriate; N. usurpation; CF. take for one's own use@usury@/'ju: ur i/ lending money at illegal high rates of interest@utopia@/ju:'toupj / ideal place, state, or society; ADJ. utopian@uxorious@/ k's :ri s/ excessiv ely submissive or devoted to one's wife; CF. uxor: wife@vacillate@/'vsileit/ waver (in opinion); fluctuate; sway to and fro; N. vacillation@vacuous@/'vkjus/ empty; lacking in ideas; inane; stupid; Ex. vacuous expression; N. vacuity@vagab ond@/'vgbnd/ wanderer (without a permanent home); tramp@vagary@/'veigri/ capricious happening; caprice; whim; CF. wander@vagrant@/'veigrnt/ homeless wanderer@vain@/vein/ full of self-admiration; conceited; without result; unsu ccessful; N. vanity@vainglorious@/vein'gl:ris/ boastful; excessively conceited; N. vainglory: great vanity@valediction@/,vli'dikn/ saying farewell; express ion of leave-taking@valedictory@/,vli'diktri/ pertaining to farewell; N: farew ell address (esp. at graduation exercises)@valid@/'vlid/ logically convincing; so und; legally acceptable; effective; Ex. valid reasoning/passport@validate@/'vlide it/ make valid; confirm; ratify@valor@/'vl/ bravery; ADJ. valiant: possessin g valor; brave@vampire@/'vmpai/ ghostly being that sucks the blood of the living @vanguard@/'vng:d/ forerunners; foremost position of an army; advance force s; foremost position in a trend or movement; CF. rearguard@vantage@/'v:ntid/ position giving an advantage (such as a strategic point); CF. vantagepoint@vapid @/'vpid/ lacking liveliness; dull and unimaginative; insipid and flavorless; Ex. vapid lecture@vaporize@/'veipraiz/ turn into vapor (steam, gas, fog, etc.)@ variegate@/'verigeit/ change the appearance of (by marking with different colo rs)@variegated@/'verigeitid/ (esp. of a flower or leaf) many-colored@varnish@ /'v:ni/ paint used to coat a surface with a glossy film; glossy coating produced by using this substance; Ex. nail varnish; V.@vassal@/'vsl/ in feudalism, on e who held land of a superior lord; subordinate or dependent@vaunted@ boasted; bragged; highly publicized; V. vaunt: boast; brag@veer@/vi/ change in direct ion; swerve@vegetate@/'vediteit/ live in a monotonous way (without interests or a ctivity); CF. vegetation: plants of an area; CF. vegetarian; CF. vegan@vehement@ /'vi:imnt/ forceful; intensely emotional; with marked vigor; strong; N. veh emence@velocity@/vi'lsiti/ speed@venal@/'vi:nl/ capable of being bribed; corrupt; CF. vernal@vendetta@/ven'det/ blood feud (esp. between two families); CF. Nina Williams@vendor@/'vend:/ seller@veneer@/vi'ni/ thin surface lay er (of good quality wood, glued to a base of inferior material); cover; surface show; fa\c{c}ade; V.@venerable@/'venrbl/ deserving high respect; commanding respe ct; CF. command: deserve and get@venerate@/'venreit/ revere; treat with great respect@venial@/'vi:njl/ (of a fault or sin) forgivable; trivial@venison@ /'venzn, (M) 'venizn/ meat of a deer; CF. cow: beef; CF. pig: pork, ham, bacon ; CF. calf: veal; CF. sheep: mutton; CF. lamb: lamb@venom@/'venm/ poison ( of an animal); hatred; Ex. remarks full of venom; ADJ. venomous@vent@/vent/ release or discharge through a vent; express (esp. unfairly); utter; Ex. He vent ed his wrath on his family.@ventilate@/'ventileit/ admit fresh air into to replace stale air@ventral@/'ventrl/ abdominal@ventriloquist@/ven'trilkwist/ someone who can make his or her voice seem to come from another person or thing (without moving lips or jaws); N. ventriloquism, ventriloquy@venture@/'vent/ risk; expose to risk; dare; undertake a risk; N.@venturesome@/'ventsm/ (of a pe rson) bold; adventurous; daring; (of an action) risky@venue@/'venju:/ location

; place (of a crime, trial, gathering, etc.); CF. come@veracious@ (of a pe rson) truthful@veracity@/ve'reisnis/ truthfulness; adherence to the truth@ver balize@/'v:blaiz/ put into words; ADJ. verbal: of words; spoken rather than writte n; oral; of a verb@verbatim@/v:'beitim/ word for word; in the same words; repeat ing the actual words exactly@verbiage@/'v:biid/ pompous array of words; too many unnecessary words; wordiness@verbose@/v:'bous/ wordy; N. verbosity@verdant@/'v:dn t/ green; covered with green plants or grass; lush in vegetation; Ex. verda nt meadows@verdigris@/'v:digris/ green coating or patina on copper which has been exposed to the weather@verge@/v:d/ border; edge, rim, or margin; Ex. on the verge of: very near to; V: border on@verisimilar@/,veri'simil/ having the appea rance of truth or reality; probable or likely to be true; plausible@verisimilitu de@/,verisi'militju:d/ appearance of truth; quality of appearing to be true or real; likelihood; Ex. verisimilitude of her performance as Lady Macbeth@veritabl e@/'veritbl/ being truly so; real or genuine; actual; not false or imaginary@ verity@/'veriti/ quality of being true; lasting truth or principle; Ex. t he verity of his testimony; Ex. one of the eternal verities@vernacular@/v'nkjul/ living language (as compared to the official language); language spoken in a cou ntry or region; natural style; Ex. lapse into the vernacular@vernal@/'v:nl/ pertaining to spring@versatile@/'v:stail/ having many talents; capable of working in many fields; having many uses or functions; N. versatility@vertebrate@/'v:tibr it/ having a backbone or spinal column; N: group of animals having a segment ed spinal column@vertex@/'v:teks/ summit; highest point; PL. vertices@vert igo@/'v:tigou/ severe dizziness; giddiness@verve@/vev/ enthusiasm (as in artist ic performance or composition); liveliness; vigor@vestige@/'vestid/ trace; r emains; Ex. vestiges of some ancient religion@veto@/'vi:tou/ vested power to reject a bill; exercise of this right; V: prevent or forbid by exercising the po wer of veto@vex@/veks/ annoy; distress@viable@/'vaibl/ capable of maintaining l ife; feasible; practical or workable; Ex. viable scheme@viand@ food; CF. live@v ibrant@/'vaibrnt/ full of vigor or energy; vibrating@vicar@/'vik/ parish p riest; representative@vicarious@/vai'keris/ experienced as if one were takin g part in the experience of another; done by a deputy for other people; acting a s a substitute; Ex. vicarious thrill at the movies; Ex. the vicarious sufferings of Christ@vicissitude@/vi'sisitju:d/ change (esp. from good to bad); change o f fortune; CF. the last emperor of China@victuals@null food; provisions; V. vic tual: provide with food@vie@/vai/ contend; compete@vigil@/'vidil/ keeping watch (during normal sleeping hours); Ex. all-night vigil@vigilant@/'vidilnt/ watchful; on the alert; watchfully awake; alert to spot danger; N. vigilance@vig ilante@/,vidi'lnti/ one who without authority assumes law enforcement powers @vignette@/vi'njet/ small drawing placed at the beginning or end of a chapte r; picture; short literary sketch; short written description of a character or s cene@vigor@/'vig/ active strength; energy; enthusiasm; ADJ. vigorous@vile@ /vail/ despicable; unpleasant; disgusting; Ex. vile slander@vilify@/'vilifai/ slander; speak evil of; N. vilification@vindicate@/'vindikeit/ clear from blame ; free from blame or accusation (with supporting proof); exonerate; substantiate ; justify or support; avenge; Ex. vindicate one's client; Ex. vindicate one's cl aim; CF. vindicator@vindictive@/vin'diktiv/ disposed to revenge; vengeful; o ut for revenge; spiteful; intended to cause harm; malicious; Ex. vindictive stre ak@vintner@/'vintn/ wine merchant; winemaker; seller of wine@violate@/'vailei t/ break (a law); defile; desecrate; assault sexually; Ex. violate graves@v iper@/'vaip/ poisonous snake@virile@/'virail/ manly; having masculine spirit or strength; full of strength@virtual@/'v:tjul/ in essence; existing in essence though not in actual form; for practical purposes; Ex. virtual ruler/spa ce@virtue@/'v:tju:/ goodness; moral excellence; good quality; advantage; Ex. by virtue of; Ex. make a virtue of necessity@virtuoso@/,v:tju'ouzou/ highly s killed artist (esp. in music); Ex. piano virtuoso@virulent@/'virulnt/ (of a di sease or poison) extremely harmful or poisonous; (of a feeling) hostile; bitter; N. virulence; CF. virus; CF. venom@virus@/'vairs/ disease communicator@vis age@/'vizid/ face; appearance@visceral@/'visrl/ felt in one's inner orga ns; N. viscera: internal body organs; CF. eviscerate@viscid@/'visid/ adhesive ; gluey@viscous@/'visid/ (of a liquid) thick and sticky; gluey; viscid; C

F. consistency@vise@/vais/ vice; tool for holding work in place; clamping d evice@vision@/'vin/ eyesight; foresight; mental image produced by the imagin ation; experience of seeing the supernatural@visionary@/'vinri/ produced by imag ination; fanciful; mystical; showing foresight; N: one having foresight; one giv en to speculative impractical ideas@vital@/'vaitl/ full of life; animated; vibrant and lively; critical; of great importance; necessary to stay alive; of l ife; living; breathing; N. vitality; V. vitalize@vitiate@/'viieit/ spoil th e effect of; make inoperative; corrupt morally@vitreous@/'vitris/ of glass ; pertaining to or resembling glass; V. vitrify: change into glass; CF. petrify@ vitriolic@/,vitri'lik/ causing sharp pain to the mind; caustic; corrosive; sarc astic; of vitriol; N. vitriol: sulphuric acid (which burns flesh deeply); bitter ly abusive expression; caustic expression; CF. glass@vituperative@/vi'tju:prtiv/ abusive; scolding; V. vituperate: berate; scold; rail against abusively@vivaciou s@/vi'veis/ lively or animated; sprightl sprightly/lively@vivid@/'vivid/ (of light or color) bright and distinct; evoking lifelike mental images; Ex. viv id red hair/description@vivisection@/,vivi'sekn/ act of dissecting living animals @vixen@/'viksn/ female fox; ill-tempered woman; CF. shrew@vociferous@/vou'sifrs/ clamorous; noisy; V. vociferate: cry out loudly (when complaining)@vogue@/voug/ popular fashion; Ex. Jeans became the vogue.@volatile@/'vltail/ changeable; of a quickly changing nature (as of temper); mercurial; tending to violence; evapora ting rapidly; Ex. volatile character/situation in the street@volition@/vou'lin/ act of using one's will; act of making a conscious choice; Ex. She selected this dress of her own volition.@volley@/'vli/ simultaneous discharge of a numb er of shots; V.@voluble@/'vljubl/ fluent; talkative; glib; N. volubility@v oluminous@/v'lju:mins/ having great volume (as of a garment or container); bulk y; large@voluptuous@/v'lptjus/ sensual; of or giving sensual pleasure; indulgin g in sensual pleasures; Ex. voluptuous lines; Ex. voluptuous life of the Romans; N. voluptuary: voluptuous person@voodoo@/'vu:du:/ religion practiced chief ly in Haiti@voracious@/v'reis/ ravenous; eating large quantities of food; excee dingly eager; insatiable; Ex. voracious animal/reader@vortex@ whirlwind; whirl pool; center of turbulence; predicament into which one is inexorably plunged@vou ch@/vaut/ give a personal guarantee; Ex. I can vouch for his integrity; N. voucher@vouchsafe@/vaut'seif/ grant condescendingly; guarantee; Ex. vouchsafe your fair return on your investment@voyeur@/vw:'j/ Peeping Tom; person who derives sexual gratification from observing the sexual acts of others@vulgar@/'vl g/ of the common people; deficient in refinement; not refined; coarse; Ex. vulgar display of wealth; N. vulgarism: vulgarity; crudely indecent word; CF. vu lgarian: vulgar person; boor; lout@vulnerable@/'vlnrbl/ susceptible to wounds or attack; N. vulnerability@vulpine@/'vlpain/ like a fox; crafty@vulture@/'vlt/ carrion-eating birds@vying@/'vaii/ contending; CF. vie@wade@/weid/ walk thr ough a substance, such as water, that impedes movement@waffle@/'wfl/ speak eq uivocally about an issue; N.@waft@/w:ft/ move gently (in air or in seas) by wind or waves; Ex. leaves wafting past the window@wag@/wg/ shake repeatedly from si de to side; Ex. The dog wagged its tail; N: humorous person; wit@wage@ begin an d continue (a war)@waggish@/'wgi/ humorous; mischievous; tricky@waif@/weif/ homeless child or animal; Ex. waifs and strays@waive@/weiv/ give up temporar ily; yield; N. waiver: waiving a right or claim; document that waives a right or claim@wake@ trail of ship or other object through water; path of something t hat has gone before; Ex. hunger followed in the wake of the war@wallow@/'wlou/ roll in mud; indulge in; (of a ship) roll in a rough sea; become helpless; Ex. w allow in the mud/luxury@wan@/wn/ having a pale or sickly color; pallid@wanderlust @/'wndlst/ strong longing to travel@wane@/wein/ decrease in size or strength (af ter being full); grow gradually to an end; Ex. The moon waxes and wanes every mo nth; N.@wangle@/'wgl/ achieve by cleverness or trick; wiggle out; fake; Ex. Sh e tried to wangle an invitation to the party.@wanton@/'wntn/ unrestrained; gr atuitously cruel; willfully malicious; unchaste; sexually improper; promiscuous; Ex. wanton spending/killing; CF. having no just cause@warble@/'w:bl/ (of a bi rd) sing; babble; N.@ward@/w:d/ administrative division of a city; division in a hospital or prison; incompetent person placed under the protection of a guardia n; V: guard; ward off: avert@warp@/w:p/ twist out of shape; N.@warrant@/'wrnt/

justification; written order that serves as authorization (esp. a judicial writ) ; Ex. search/death warrant; V: justify; guarantee@warranted@null justifie d; authorized@warranty@/'wrnti/ guarantee; assurance by seller@warren@/'wrin/ tunnels in which rabbits live; overcrowded living area; crowded conditions in wh ich people live@wary@/'weri/ very cautious; watchful@wastrel@/'weistrl/ waster; profligate@waver@/'weiv/ move or swing back and forth; be uncertain or un steady in decision or movement; Ex. wavering between accepting and refusing@wax@ /wks/ increase gradually (as the moon); grow@waylay@/wei'lei/ ambush; lie in w ait for and attack@wean@/wi:n/ accustom a baby not to nurse; accustom (the youn g of a mammal) to take nourishment other than by suckling; give up a cherished a ctivity; cause to gradually leave (an interest or habit); Ex. wean oneself from cigarettes@weary@/'wiri/ tired after long work; V.@weather@/'weq/ pass safely t ugh (a storm or difficult period); endure the effects of weather or other forces @weird@/wi d/ eerie; strange; unnatural@well-bred@null of good upbringi ng; well-mannered and refined@welt@/welt/ raised mark from a beating or wh ipping@welter@/'welt / wallow (as in mud or high seas); lie soaked (as in blood ); Ex. The victims weltered in their blood.@wheedle@/'wi:dl/ deceive, persuad e, or obtain by flattery; cajole; coax; Ex. wheedle a promise out of her@whelp@/ welp/ young animal (esp. of the dog or cat family); young wolf, dog, tiger, et c.@whet@/wet/ sharpen; stimulate; Ex. whet someone's appetite@whiff@/wif/ puff or gust (of air, scent, etc.); short-lasting smell; hint; Ex. whiff of perf ume/scandal@whim@/wim/ sudden capricious idea; fancy@whimsical@/'wimzik l/ capricious; fanciful; amusingly strange@whimsy@/'wimzi/ whim; tendency to behave amusingly strangely; Ex. story full of whimsy@whine@/wain/ complain (in a s ad voice); make a high sad sound (as in pain or supplication)@whinny@/'wini/ neigh like a horse; CF. neigh: make the sound which horses make@whit@/wit/ small amount; smallest speck; Ex. not a whit of@whittle@/'witl/ pare; cut away t hin bits (from wood); fashion in this way; reduce gradually; trim@wholesome@/'ho uls m/ conducive to mental or physical health; healthful@whorl@/w :l/ ring of leaves around stem; ring; circular arrangement; Ex. whorls on the fingers@wiggle @/'wigl/ wriggle; move from side to side with irregular twisting motions@ willful@/'wilful/ wilful; intentional; headstrong@willowy@/'wiloui/ flexible; pliant; slender; CF. willow@wilt@/wilt/ loose freshness; droop@w ily@/'waili/ crafty; cunning; artful; N. wile: deceitful stratagem@wince@/win s/ move back suddenly; shrink back; flinch; Ex. She winced as she touched t he cold body.@windfall@/'windf :l/ fallen fruit; unexpected lucky event@win now@/'winou/ sift; separate the chaff from grain by blowing; separate good pa rts from bad; CF. wind@winsome@/'wins m/ charming (in a childlike way); a greeable; gracious; engaging@wisp@/wisp/ small bunch (of hair); faint str eak (of smoke)@wispy@ thin; slight; barely discernible@wistful@/'wistful/ sadly thoughtful (because of desires or memories); sadly pensive; vaguely longin g@withdrawn@/wi 'dr :/ introverted; retiring; remote remote/distant in manner; aloof@wither@/'wi / (of a plant) dry up from loss of moisture; lose freshnes s; shrivel; decay@withhold@/wi 'hould/ refuse to give; hold back; Ex. withholdi ng tax@withstand@/wi 'st nd/ stand up against; resist successfully@witless@/' witlis/ lacking intelligence or wit; foolish; idiotic@witticism@/'witisizm/ witty saying; wisecrack(clever joking remark)@wizardry@/'wiz dri/ sorcery; magic@wizened@/'wizn/ shriveled; withered; Ex. wizened apple/old lady@woe@/wou / great sorrow; deep inconsolable grief; affliction; suffering; Ex. financ ial woes@woeful@/'wouful/ sad; (of something bad) deplorable; deplorably b ad; Ex. woeful housing conditions@wont@/wount/ (the stated person's) habit or c ustom; habitual procedure; ADJ. wonted: customary@worldly@/'w:ldli/ engrosse d in matters of this earth; not spiritual; of the material world@wrangle@/'rgl/ quarrel noisily; obtain through arguing; herd cattle; N.@wrath@/r:q/ anger; f ury@wreak@/ri:k/ inflict; Ex. wreak one's vengeance on@wrench@/rent/ twist; pull; strain; Ex. He wrenched the gun out of her hands.@wrest@/rest/ obtain by pulling violently; pull away; take by violence; Ex. wrest victory from their grasp@wretch@/ret/ miserable person; bad or despicable person; ADJ. wretched: miserable; bad; contemptible; vile@wring@/ri/ twist (to extract liquid ); extract by twisting; wrench painfully (necks or hands)@wrinkle@/'rikl/

small ridge on a smooth surface (face or cloth); V.@writ@/rit/ written command issued by a court (telling someone to do or not to do something)@writhe@/rai/ twist in coils; contort in pain@wrongheaded@/'r'hedid/ stubbornly wrong@wry@/ra i/ (esp. of an expression of the face) twisted; with a humorous twist (expr essing displeasure)@yen@/jen/ strong desire; longing; urge; Ex. yen for travel @yeoman@/'joumn/ man or farmer owning small estate; middle-class farmer@yield@/ji :ld/ amount produced; crop; income on investment; profit obtained from an inv estment; V: produce; give in; surrender@yoke@/jouk/ join together; unite; N: crossbar used to joining two draft animals@yokel@/'joukl/ rustic; country bumpkin;@yore@/j:/ time long past; Ex. in the days of yore@zany@/'zeini/ comic; crazy; N: clown; comical person (given to outlandish behavior)@zeal@/zi:l / eager enthusiasm (to a cause or ideal); ADJ. zealous@zealot@/'zelt/ one who is zealous; fanatic; person who shows excessive zeal@zenith@ point di rectly overhead in the sky; summit; acme; highest point@zephyr@/'zef/ gentle b reeze; west wind@zest@/zest/ outer skin of an orange used for giving a specia l taste to food; spice; interest; flavor; spirited enjoyment; Ex. add a certain zest to the affair; Ex. zest for life@