4044 File Name: F55-0000-10 Title: Countermeasure development : Differential diagnosis and biological dosimetry of Acute Radiation Syndromes

by Enzyme Immune-Assay (EIA). Scientific assembly: COSPAR10 Scientific commission: Life Sciences as Related to Space Scientific event: Countermeasure Integration: Strength and Weaknesses Review status: WORK Countermeasure development : Differential diagnosis and biological dosimetry of Acute Radiation Syndromes by Enzyme Immune-Assay (EIA). Introduction: Differential Diagnosis of Acute Radiation Syndromes by the method of Immune Enzyme Assay is a very efficient tool of biological dosimetry and medical evaluation of Acute Radiation Disease.We use as a biological markers the group of essential Radiotoxins. Essential Radiotoxins are glycoproteins with high molecular weight (200-250 kDa.) and possess toxic activity and antigenic properties. High doses of radiation induce the formation of radiation toxins in the organs and tissues of irradiated animals. After whole body irradiation ( gamma-irradiation, Heavy Ions Irradiation, Neutron Irradiation) cellular components, macromolecules, cell's membranes, mitochondrial outer and inner wall membranes are damaged by long-lived radiation-induced free radicals, reactive oxygen species and fast, charged particles of radiation. High doses of radiation induce formation of Radiation Toxins (RT) . Methods : This Radiation Toxins (RT) ELISA KIT elaborated for the quantitative determination of circulated RT-Antigen concentration in serum of irradiated mammals. The RT ELISA KIT use for research procedures only. Standarts Radiation Toxins isolated from central animals and classified as Neurotoxins and Hematotoxins. Radiation Neurotoxins playing important role in development Cerebrovascular Acute Radiation Syndrome (CV-ARS), Cardiovascular ARS (CrV-ARS), Gastrointestinal ARS (GI-ARS). Hematotoxins play important role in development Hematopoietic ARS (HP - ARS). Four Groups of Radiation Toxins derived from irradiated animals have been designated as Specific Radiation Determinants (SRD): SRD-1 - Neurotoxins, generated by CV-ARS; SRD-2 - Neurotoxins, generated by CrV ARS; SRD-3 - Neurotoxins, generated by GI - ARS; SRD-4 - Hematotoxins, generated by H-ARS. Radiation Toxins of SRD group possess specific radiomimetic properties. The microtiter plate provided used in this KIT has been pre-coated with polyclonal antibody specific for RT (CV-ARS ; CrVARS; GI-ARS; Hp ARS) Conclusions: The important goal of an early assessment with Enzyme Immune Assay is the accurate description of the Acute Radiation Syndromes at initial phases and stages. Determination of high levels of SRD-1, SRD-2, SRD-3, SRD-4 in peripheral blood allowed recognize early periods of CV-ARS, CrV-ARS, GI-ARS, H - ARS. Early and precise differential diagnosis allow to medical doctors to better organize and provide an effective medical management of ARS.