Descriptions of Theories

Democratic Teaching

Instructional Management

Congruent Communication

Democratic classrooms and teaching styles. Mutual respect motivates students to behave constructively. Students who do not feel a sense of belonging will resort to: attention gaining, power seeking, revenge, or displaying inadequacy. Praise supports completion. Encouragement supports the process. Logical consequences produce better results than punishment.

There is a difference between well-run and illrun rooms and it is instructional management. Withitness means the teacher knows what is going on at all times in the classroom.

Depends a lot on the way in which teacher interacts with the students. Teacher plays his or her major role in shaping the students in anyway. Teacher is the leader and the role model in educating the Promotes the use of congruent messages and to respects students as they are for effective classroom management. Teacher does not preach, moralize, impose guilt, or demand promises from the pupil but the teacher treats the pupil as the social equals

Momentum keeps the students engaged and on track with their material.
Lesson presentation should be smooth to keep students engaged. Students may experience satiation when they have been overexposed to a certain topic or strategy. Provide students with enjoyable and challenging lessons.

Approaches / Strategies of Theories

Provide lessons with social interest in mind. Provide a teaching environment that supports students sense of belonging. Come up with a set of classroom rules as a group. Support responsibility through freedom of choices in lesson plans. Avoid power struggles and encourage students who display inadequacy. Encourage students rather than praise them. Provide students with logical consequences to mistaken goals to support responsibility and avoid punishment.

DEMOCRATIC TEACHING

INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT

Withitnessscan constantly, make notes of repeated behaviors, get to know the students on a personal level, keep moving through the classroom. Do not allow for dead time during transitions. Keep momentum by keeping the students engaged in some activity at all times. Give lessons multiple times and assess yourself during teaching. Ask students questions to make sure they are not experiencing satiation. Ask students their input before planning lessonswhat interests them/what do they want to learn/what challenging techniques do they want to learn?

CONGRUENT COMMUNICATION

Teacher should avoid using evaluative praise. The evaluative praise is destructive to the pupils character. For example good boy for answering the question. Teacher should avoid asking why question when discussing behaviour of his or her student Teacher should demonstrate best behavior to the students because they tend to imitate the behavior of their teacher. Teacher invites the cooperation from their students

Strengths and Weaknesses

Democratic

Teaching

Strengths In class, it allow students to work in small groups and as a large group to support social group belonging. Promotes respect and communication among teacher and students. Logical consequences produce better results than punishment. Weaknesses Might be difficult for teachers to identify and understand students reasons for misbehaving. Teachers may not be able to respond properly and to provide logical consequences for all misbehavior.

Instructional Management

Strengths Teacher affects the students behavior positively and negatively. Behavior problems are reduced to a minimum. Smooth teaching and learning processes. Create a positive classroom environment.

Weaknesses Overlapping effect will loses effectiveness when withitness is overlooked. It is almost impossible for a teacher to know everything that is happening in the class at all time. Teacher can lose control over a destructive students.

Congruent Communication

Strengths The model aims at the development of a positive self-concept that leads to self-respect Key to avoiding discipline problems The model encourages positive relationships between teachers and students by advocating sane communications. Weaknesses The model has no specific steps for dealing with discipline problems

Insufficient support for teachers who are used to a more traditional role in dealing with students.

Practicality of the Theories in ESL Classroom

pupils nowadays have problems in contributing to their group or class activities. When they contribute, they being appreciated by the other members and they build their sense of responsibility automatically. Students who intend to do misbehaviour act in the class will feel shy to misbehave. If one of the members misbehaves, other members of the group will be affected as well.

DEMOCRATIC TEACHING

INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT

The teacher who implements this theory to the class can create good teaching and learning activities because this theory provides a few techniques and strategies to help the teachers to create interesting teaching and learning activities wittiness and overlapping skills are the two skills that can be apply in his or her teaching and learning session. The students will not feel bored and actively involved in every activities.

CONGRUENT COMMUNICATION

It can foster relationship between the teacher and the students through interaction between them. Teacher who often communicates with their students can make the students feel comfortable with the teacher. When they feel comfortable, it is easier for the teacher to send sane message to the students and the students easier to accept the message given by the teacher. Students also feel easy to follow the best behaviour demonstrate by the teacher because their close relationship with their teacher.