(I)

2012.01.09

Ch1
1
ab qr a=bq+r 0r<|b|
1
(1) 2 02468
(2) 3 3
(3) 4 4
(4) 5 0 5
(5) 8 8
(6) 9 9
(7) 11 ()()0 11
2
ab b0 a b q r a=bq+r

GS

(a, b)=(b, r)
3

a 0 b 0

ab
ab a = b
2

(1)

( ) 2

(2)

( ) 2

A(x1, y1)B(x2, y2) AB ( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y2 y1 ) 2

6

P(x, y) A(x1, y1)B(x2, y2) PA : PB m : n

nx1 mx2 ny1 my2

,
)
mn
mn
7
( x, y ) (

A(x1, y1)B(x2, y2) (

x1 x2 y1 y2
,
)
2
2

8
ABC A(x1, y1)B(x2, y2)C(x3, y3)

x1 x2 x3 y1 y2 y3
,
)
3
3

2
L P1 ( x1 , y1 ) P2 ( x 2 , y 2 )

(1) x1 x 2 L
1

y 2 y1
x 2 x1

(2) x1 x 2 L

(1)
(2)
(3) 0
3
L1L2 m1 m2
(2) L1 L2 m1 m2 1
(1) L1 // L2 m1 m2
9
(a) A( x1 , y1 ) m yy1=m(xx1)
(b) A( x1 , y1 ) B ( x 2 , y 2 )
(1) x1 x 2 L x x1

GS
(2) x1 x 2 L

y y1 y1 y 2

x x1 x1 x 2

(c) (1) L my b ( L y
(0, b) ) L y=mx+b
(2) L mx a ( L x

(a, 0) ) L y=m(xa)
(d) L xy ab ab 0

x y
1
a b

4
z a bi ab
5
z a bi z a bi
6

z a bi | z | a 2 b 2

ax 2 bx c 0 abc a 0 D b 2 4ac
(a) D > 0 (b) D = 0 (c) D < 0
10
(a) ax 2 bx c 0

(1)

b
a

(2)

c
a

(b) ax 3 bx 2 cx d 0

(1)

b
a

(2)

c
a

(3)

d
a

Ch2
n

1 a k a1 a 2 a3 a n
k 1

1(1)

c c c c c n c
k 1
n

(2)

k 1 2 3 n
k 1
n

(3)

12 2 2 3 2 n 2

n(n 1)(2n 1)
6

13 2 3 33 n 3 [

n(n 1) 2
]
2

k 1
n

(4)

k
k 1

n(n 1)
2

a1 d (1) n an=a1+(n1)d

GS

(2) n S n

(a1 a n ) n [2a1 (n 1) d ] n

2
2

(3) abc b

ac
2

a1 r (1) n a n a1 r n 1

a1 (1 r n )
(2) n S n
1 r
(3) abc b 2 ac
2
a n k ( lim a n k ) k
n

a1 r n a1 0
(1) 1 r 1 (2) r 1 r 1
4

a1 r n 1 a1 0
n 1

a1
1 r
(2) r 1 r 1 S

(1) 1 r 1 S

Ch3
1

2
f(x)g(x)
3
1 f ( x) an x n an 1 x n 1 a1 x a0 (1) = f(0)

(2) = f(1)
(3) =

f(1)f(1)
2

GS

(4) =

f(1)+f(1)
2

b
f(x) xa f(a) f(x) axb f ( )
a
3
b
xa f(x) f(a)=0axb f(x) f ( ) 0
a
4
f ( x) an x n an 1 x n 1 a1 x a0 n
axb f(x) ab a | a n b | a 0

b
ab f ( ) 0
a
5
f(x) n ab f(a)f(b)<0
ab c f(c)=0
4n n n
5 f ( x) an x n an 1 x n 1 a1 x a0 n z f(x)=0
z f(x)=0
6 f ( x) an x n an 1 x n 1 a1 x a0 n z

f ( z) f ( z)

(1) ax 2 bx c 0 ax 2 bx c ( x )( x )
x < x > ()
(2) ax 2 bx c 0 ax 2 bx c ( x )( x )
< x < ()
8
(1) xf(x)>0 ()
y 0( x )
a>0 D<0 ( x )
(2) xf(x)<0 ()
y 0( x )
a<0 D<0 ( x )
(3) xf(x)0 ()
y 0( x )
a>0 D0 ( x )
(4) xf(x) 0 ()
y 0( x )
a<0 D0 ( x )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch4
1

GS

(1) a0a0=1 (2) a n

(5) (a b ) (ab)
n

(7) a>0 r

1
an

(3) a m a n a m n

(4) (a n ) m a nm
1
n

(6) a>0n a n a

m
m
n m a r a n ( n a ) m
n

1 f ( x) a x a > 0 a 1

(1) x a x
(2) (0, 1)
(3) x1 x 2 f ( x1 x 2 ) f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 )
(4) f(x)

(5) (a) a >1 f ( x) a

x1 x 2 a x1 a x2

y=ax(a>1)

(0,1)
x

(b) 0 < a < 1 f ( x) a

x1 x 2 a x1 a x2
2 f ( x) log a x

y=ax(0<a<1)

(1) a > 0 a 1

(2) x > 0
5

(0,1)
x

(1) a > 0 a 1 b > 0 a log a b b

(2) log a 1 0 log a a 1

x
(3) log a ( xy ) log a x log a y log a ( ) log a x log a y y 0
y
s
(4) log a r x s log a x
r

(6) log a x

log c x
1
() log a x
log c a
log x a

(7) (log a b) (log b c) (log c d ) log a d ()

3
f ( x) log a x x > 0a > 0 a 1
(1) f ( x) log a x y

(2) (1, 0)
(3) x f ( x) log a x

GS

(4) f ( x) log a x g ( x) log 1 x x

a

a>1

(5) (a) a >1 f ( x) log a x

x1 x 2 log a x1 log a x 2

y=logax
x

0<a<1

(b) 0 < a <1 f ( x) log a x

x1 x 2 log a x1 log a x 2

O
y=logax

4 f ( x) a x f ( x) log a x
x y 0 a >1
0 < a <1 x y 0
5

log x n b n 0b<1
n b
(1) n 0 x n 1 n 0 x n 0
(2) log y b log( y 1) x 0 y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch5
1

sin csc

cos sec

tan cot

30

45

60

120

135

150

sin

1
2

2
2

3
2

3
2

2
2

1
2

cos

3
2

2
2

1
2

tan

3
3

1
2

2
2

-1

3
2

3
3

3
360
4
0 2
(1) 1 sin , cos 1 (2) tan , cot (3) sec , cos 1 sec , cos 1

GS

(1) sin

1
1
1
cos
tan
csc
sec
cot

(2) tan

sin
cos
cot
cos
sin

(3) sin 2 cos 2 1 tan 2 1 sec 2

1 cot 2 csc 2
(4) sin(90 ) cos cos(90 ) sin
tan(90 ) cot cot(90 ) tan
sec(90 ) csc csc(90 ) sec
(5) sin(180 ) sin cos(180 ) cos
tan(180 ) tan cot(180 ) cot
sec(180 ) sec csc(180 ) csc
2

ABC abc ABC

a
b
c

2 R R ABC
sin A sin B sin C
3
ABC abc ABC
a2=b2+c22bccosAb2=a2+c22accosBc2=a2+b22abcosC
3
ABC abc ABC s

abc

ABC

(1)

1
1
1
bc sin A ab sin C ac sin B
2
2
2

(3) rs( r )

(2)
(4)

abc
( R )
4R
s( s a)( s b)( s c)

4
ABC AB c BC a CA b D BC
2
1
BC
2
5
2

AB AC 2 AD

(1)
(2)

180

180

6
O r OPQ POQ ()

(1) PQ s r

GS
(2) OPQ A

1 2
1
r rs
2
2

1 cos
1 cos
1 cos
cos
tan
2
2
2
2
2
1 cos
2
2
(2) sin 2 2 sin cos cos 2 2 cos 1 1 2 sin
(1) sin

tan 2

2 tan
1 tan 2

z a bi z r (cos i sin ) r a 2 b 2
8

z r (cos i sin ) z n r n (cos n i sin n ) n

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch6
1

a b a b a b | a || b | cos

PS a b
2
a b a b a b 0
1
(1) | a | 2 a a | a | 2 0 a 0
(2) | a b | 2 | a | 2 2(a b) | b | 2 | a b | 2 | a | 2 2(a b) | b | 2
8

2
P AB AP : PB m : n O

n
m
OA
OB
mn
mn
3
OP

ABP OP OA OB 1 O
4

ABC G ABC O

1
(1) OG (OA OB OC )
3

(2) GA GB GC 0

GS

u (a, b) v (c, d ) (1) u v ac bd

(2) | u | a 2 b 2

u (a, b) v (c, d )

cos

u v

| u || v |

ac bd

a b2 c2 d 2
2

a1 a 2 b1 b2 (a12 a 22 )(b12 b22 ) (a1b1 a 2 b2 ) 2

a
a
1 2
b1 b2
7

a b a b

1
| a | 2 | b | 2 ( a b ) 2
2
8
u v p p

u v

| v |2

v | p |

| uv |
|v|

9
P ( x0 , y 0 ) L : ax by c 0 d ( P, L)

| ax0 by 0 c |
a2 b2

10
L1 : ax by c1 0 L2 : ax by c 2 0
| c c2 |
d ( L1 , L2 ) 1
a2 b2
4

ax by c 0 n (a, b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch7
1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2
(1) (2) (3)
3
(1) (2) (3)
4
(1) (2) (3)
5
(1) E A L A E
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

GS

E P L P E
E A A E
E P P E
L E L E
E L( E) L
E

1
L1L2 B L3 E

L1

(1) L2L3 C PC L3
(P L1 )

L2

L3

(2) PC L3 L2L3

1
s h sh
3
s h sh
6
L E L E
ax by cz d 0 n (a, b, c)
10

3
E n (a, b, c) A( x0 , y 0 , z 0 ) E

a ( x x 0 ) b( y y 0 ) c ( z z 0 ) 0
4

P ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) Q ( x 2 , y 2 , z 2 )

PQ ( x1 x 2 ) 2 ( y1 y 2 ) 2 ( z1 z 2 ) 2
5

A( x0 , y 0 , z 0 ) Eax+by+cz+d=0

d ( A, E )

| ax0 by 0 cz 0 d |

a2 b2 c2
6

E1 : ax by cz d1 0 E 2 : ax by cz d 2 0
| d1 d 2 |
d ( E1 , E 2 )
a2 b2 c2
7

GS

a =(a1, a2, a3) b =(b1, b2, b3)

(1) cos

a b
ab

a1b1 a 2 b2 a3 b3
2

a1 a 2 a3

b1 b2 b3

(2) a b a b
1 2 2 2
| a | | b | ( a b )
2

(3) a b P P

a b

| b |2

b | P |

| a b |
|b|

8
a1 , a 2 , a3 , b1 , b2 , b3

(a12 a 22 a32 )(b12 b22 b32 ) (a1b1 a 2 b2 a3 b3 ) 2

a1 a 2 a 3

b1 b2 b3

7
A( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) L L d (a, b, c)
x x0 at

L y y 0 bt t
z z ct
0

11

8
a1 x b1 y c1 z d1
x A1 y B1 z C1

a2 x b2 y c2 z d 2
y B2 z C2
a x b y c z d

z C3
3
3
3
3

9
A(a1 , b1 ) B(a 2 , b2 ) C (a3 , b3 )
ABC

1 a 2 a1

2 a 3 a1

b2 b1

b3 b1

a b b c
c
ax by cz 0
10

d e
e f
f
dx ey fz 0
b c
c a
a b
xyz=

e f
f d
d e

a
0
d

GS

11

u ( p, q, r ) v (m, n, l )

q r
r p
p q

(1)
n l
l m
m n
2

r p
p q
1 q r

(2)
l m
m n
2 n l

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch8
1

P O(h, k) P
O r OP ( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2 r 2
1
x 2 y 2 dx ey f 0 O(

d e
, )
2 2

d 2 e2 4 f
r
2
2
A( x1 , y1 ) B ( x 2 , y 2 )
( x x1 )( x x 2 ) ( y y1 )( y y 2 ) 0
3
12

d
e
d e2 4 f
x 2 y 2 dx ey f 0 ( x ) 2 ( y ) 2

2
2
4
D d 2 e 2 4 f
2

d e
, ) r
2 2
d e
(2) D=0 ( , )
2 2
(3) D<0
4

(1) D>0 O(

d 2 e2 4 f
2

x x0 r cos
( x x0 ) 2 ( y y 0 ) 2 r 2
0 2
y y 0 r sin

2
C O r O L d

GS

(1) d>r
(2) d=r
(3) d<r

(1)
(2)
5

T ( x1 , y1 ) C : x 2 y 2 dx ey f 0 T
x1 x
x x
) e( 1
) f 0
2
2
6

x1 x y1 y d (

C : ( x x0 ) 2 ( y y 0 ) 2 r 2 m

y y 0 m( x x 0 ) 1 m 2

3
S Q( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) r

C : ( x x0 ) 2 ( y y 0 ) 2 ( z z 0 ) 2 r 2
4
S Q r Q E d

(1) d>r
(2) d=r
(3) d<r

13

Ch9
1
P L P F P
d ( P, L) PF L F

2
(1)
(2)
( 4 |c| )
3
P F1 F2 2a F1 F2 2a

GS

P PF1 PF2 2a F1 F2 2a

(1) 2a2b2c a 2 b 2 c 2
(2)

2b 2
a

5
P F1 F2 P
| PF1 PF2 | 2a F1 F2 2a F1 F2
2a
6

(1) 2a2b2c c 2 a 2 b 2
(2)

2b 2
a

1 2 1 2
(1)

(2)

( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2

1
a2
b2
a2
b2
( y k ) 2 ( x h) 2
( y k ) 2 ( x h) 2

1
a2
b2
a2
b2
14

1
ax 2 cy 2 dx ey f 0 P ( x0 , y 0 ) L
ax 0 x cy 0 y d (

x0 x
y y
) e( 0
) f 0
2
2

x 2 x 0 x y 2 y 0 y x

x0 x
y y
y 0
2
2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch10
1()
(1) AB n( A B) n( A) n( B ) n( A B)
(2) ABC
n( A B C ) n( A) n( B) n(C ) n( A B) n( B C ) n(C A) n( A B C )

GS
n(A)n(B)n(C) A

n m (1 m n) n(n1)(n2)(nm+1)
n!
Pmn

(n m)!
2
n k m1 m2
k mk ( n m1 m2 mk )

n!

m1!m2 ! mk !
2

n m (1 m n) C mn
(1) Pmn C mn m !

n!

m!(n m)!

(2) C mn C nnm

C mn C mn 1 C mn 11

1 m n1

n m ( m ) H mn C mn m 1

(1) n m ( m )
x1 x 2 x n m (n1)m

(n m 1)!
C mn m 1
m!(n 1)!
15

(2) n m ( m ) n

n m ( m ) H mn C mn m 1

(3) n m
x1 x 2 x n m
4
n

( x y ) n C nn x n C nn1 x n 1 y C1n xy n 1 C 0n y n C in a n i b i
i 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch11 (I)

1
A B AB
P ( A B) P( A) P( B) P ( A B) 0

GS

2
A B AB
P( A B) P ( A) P( B)
3

1. A 0 1 A 0P(A)1
2. 1 P(S)=1
0 P()=0

1
ABC
P ( A B C ) P ( A) P ( B ) P (C ) P ( A B ) P ( B C ) P (C A) P( A B C )
4
Ai pi mi
n

i=12n E pi mi
i 1

n En 1 E1 n En n E1
2 x
x1 x 2 x n
n
(2) n x1 , x 2 , x n

(1) n x1 , x 2 , x n x

p1 , p 2 , p n w x1 p1 x 2 p 2 x n p n

(3) n x1 , x 2 , x n G n x1 x 2 x n
3 Me
n x1 , x 2 , x n
(1)

n
n n
Me 1
2
2 2
16

(2)

n
n
n
n
Me [ ] 1
2
2
2
2

4 Q1 Q3
n x1 , x 2 , x n
(1)

3n 3n
n
n n
Q1 1 Q3 1
4
4
4 4
4

3n
n
n
Q1 [ ] 1 Q3 [ ] 1
4
4
4
5
Q.D.
Q.D. Q3 Q1
(2)

GS
n

(1) s

( xi x ) 2
i 1

(2) s

(x
i 1

i 1

n x

s 2

x) 2

n 1

x
i 1

n x

n 1

s 2

x S
(1) [ x S , x S ] 68%

(2) [ x 2S , x 2S ] 95%

(3) [ x 3S , x 3S ] 99.7%

6
95% 100
100 95 p
7
S

p (1 p )
p 0.5 p(1 p) 0.25
n

n S

17

p (1 p )

(1) 68% [ p e68 , p e68 ] e68

p (1 p)
n

(2) 95% [ p e95 , p e95 ] e95 2

p (1 p)
n

(3) 99.7% [ p e99 , p e99 ] e99 3

p (1 p)
n

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ch12 (II)

1

AB S P (B) > 0 B
P( A B)
A P ( A | B )
P( B)

GS

(1) P ( A B) P( A) P( B)
(2) P( A B C ) P( A) P( B) P(C )
3

n p 1-p
(1) r Crn p r (1 p ) n r
(2) E np

n X n n
X
(1) E(X)np
(2) Var(X)np(1-p)
(3) np (1 p )
1

x S
(1) [ x S , x S ] 68%
(2) [ x 2 S , x 2S ] 95%
(3) [ x 3 S , x 3 S ] 99.7%
18

5
X x1 , x2 ,, xn Y y1 , y2 ,, yn X Y x

y X Y r
n

( xi x)( yi y)
n

( xi x)2
i 1

(x y ) n x y

i 1

i 1

( yi y)2

( xi ) n x

i 1

i 1

(y
i 1

) ny

2 r
(1) 1 r 1
(2) X Y
1
-1
(3) X Y
0
(4) 0.7 r 1
r = 1

GS
0.3 r 0.7

r = -1
r = 0

0 r 0.3

6
X Y r
xi axi b yi cyi d
(1) ac 0 r
(2) ac 0 -r
7

y y b( x x)
n

b r

Sy
Sx

( xi x)( yi y)
i 1

( xi x) 2
i 1

(x y ) n x y
i

i 1

x
i 1

2
i

n x

3
(1) ( x, y ) (0, 0)
(2) 0 1
y rx (0, 0)

19