Chemical Engineering Department

TUTORIAL :-

PRESSURE VESSEL(Mechanical Design)

TUTORIAL :-

Date :

PRESSURE VESSEL
1
Pressure vessel

Chemical Engineering Department

DESIGN STEPS :[A] S ELL DESIGN: (i) Cylindrical shell (ii) Spherical shell

!"LINDRI!AL S ELL :The internal pressure in the shell gives rises to stresses in the shell thickness, one in the circumferential and the other in the longitudinal direction. Circumference stress !p " #D$%t 'ongitudinal (a(ial) stress !a " #D$)t && & & & & (1) (%)

*here, # " +nternal pressure, D" ,ean diameter of shell -oth stresses are tensile .ut circumferential stress is greater, So it is to .e taken as the design stress.
VESSEL UNDER COMBINED LOADING :

(I) Stress in the circumferential direction due to internal pressure is known as tangential or hoop stress : !t " #(Di/ t)$%t (Tensile) & & & (0)

t " thickness of shell calculated .y, t " (#D1) $(%! 2 / #) *here, # " Design pressure, D " ,ean diameter 2 " 2oint efficiency ! " #ermissi.le stress Di " +nternal diameter Do" 3ut side diameter (II) (a) Stresses in the longitudinal or axial direction : Due to internal pressure : !1 " # Di $)t (Tensile) & & & ())

Pressure vessel

Chemical Engineering Department

(.)

Due to 4eight of the vessel !% " *$67 t (Di / t)8

(5or vertical vessels) : (Compressive) & & & (9)

* " 4eight of the vessel (c) Due to 4ind or piping in the case of vertical vessel : !0 " ,$: " ,$( 7 Di% t) *here, , " -ending moment : " ,odules of section of cylindrical vessel Total stress is in the longitudinal or a(ial direction : !a " !1 / !% / !0 (d) (tensile or compressive).

Stress due to offset piping or 4ind : !s " 6%T $ 7 t Di (Di / t)8 *here, T " Tor;ue a.out the vessel a(is

Com.ining a.ove stresses on the .asis of shear strain energy the e;uivalent stress : !< " =(!t% > !t !a / !a% / 0 !s%)?(1$%) & & & (@)

5or satisfactory design the follo4ing conditions must .e satisfied : !< (tensile) A !t (permissi.le ) !a (tensile) A !t ( B ) !a (compressive) A !c ( B )

DESIGN !ON!EPT #OR EAD T I!$NESS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE : (1) Conical head :C The circumferential stress in this type of head is given .y, ! " (#D$%t cos D) *here, D " Ealf ape( angle of the cone # " Design pressure. So, th " (#D$% ! 2 cos D) 0
Pressure vessel

Chemical Engineering Department

(%)

Shallo4 dished and Torispherical head :C These heads have the dish radius or cro4n radius e;ual to or less than the diameter of the head. To reduce the stresses at the corner of the head, a knuckle is formed 4ith at least FG of inside diameter for such case head thickness is calculated, th " (# <c *$% ! 2 )

*here, <c " Cro4n radius * " Stress intensifications factor " (1$)) =0/
(
c

4here, <1 " knuckle radius (0) Hlliptical head:C The thickness of such heads is given .y, th " (# D I$% ! 2 ) *here, D " ,anor a(is of ellipse I " Stress intensification factor " (1$)) (%/J%) J " ,aKor a(is ,inor a(is (L common value of J is %. +t should not .e greater than %.F) ()) Eemispherical head : th " (# D $) ! 2 )

#LANGE T I!$NESS :Ln appro(imate value of the flange thickness may .e given .y th " M
( P $( kf ))

/C

*here, k" 1$=1.0 / (1.9 *mhM$EM)? )

Pressure vessel

Chemical Engineering Department

M " Diameter of gasket. # " Design pressure. f " #ermissi.le stress. - " -olt circle diameter. *m " Total .olt load. hM " <adial distance from gasket load reaction to .olt circle. " (-CM)$% E " Total hydrostatic end force " (7$)) M%#

Pressure vessel