ANCIENT GREECE Essential Questions: 1.

Ancient Greece has provided our modern world with many foundations for our current institutions. How has it served as the basis for modern government, society, culture, science, philosophy, etc? 2. The rival city-states of Sparta and Athens had a tremendous effect on their world, both with their similarities and differences. How did these characteristics change our world today? 3. Alexander the Great is one of the most influential figures in world history. How did he rise to power and how did he shape his world? Outline Early Greeks Archaic Period Classical Greece Hellenistic Greece
Minoans o Began around 2000 BC, hit peak in 1750 BC, ended around 1450 BC o Lived in island of Crete o Built trading civilization Mycenaeans o Greek civilizations that lasted from 1600 BC to 1100 BC o Lived on Greek mainland o Homers epics were written about this time period Iliad (about Trojan War) Odyssey Phoenician alphabet adopted o Used to create Greek alphabet Strength of Greece increases o Colonies formed across Mediterranean o Athens and Sparta become dominant citystates Athens forms democracy -around 510 BC Greco-Persian Wars (490-449 323-146 BC BC) o Cultural o Wars with Persia centers moved o Athens and Sparta as outside Greece allies o Macedonian Peloponnesian Wars (430-404 power mostly BC) unchecked o Athens as leader until rise of threatens other city-states Roman o Sparta and coalition of civilization other city-states defeat 146 BC- Rome Athens begins takeover Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle introduce their philosophies o Socratic method o Platos Republic o Aristotle-five elements Parthenon built Rise of Macedon-expanded throughout southern citystates (346-323 BC) o Philip II-extended into southern city-states o Alexander the Great Took over central city-states Defeated Persian Empire Controlled parts of India Controlled Egypt Greek land split up following death of Alexander the Great

Dark Ages 400years Recorded nothing Taken over by Dorians

War

Wars Greco-Persian War

Who was involved Sparta, Athens, Persia, and many other Greek city-states Athens vs. Sparta and other city-states

Why was is it important Athens formed the Delian League alliance of Greek city-states Changed military strategy Sparta wins Athens loses empire, wealth and prestige

Peloponnesian War

Athenian Political Figures Pericles

Draco

Legacy Introduced direct democracy Supported the arts Known for his speeches Ruler during the Golden Age Dracos code - 602 BC: very harsh first step towards democracy What they valued versatility individuality strength community Reasoning could allow citizens to continue in many ways to make Athens better believed that true success could only be achieved through physical strength

City-State Athens

Sparta

Golden Age of Greece A golden age is when a place is at the forefront of the world in many different areas. Areas Architecture Art Theater Examples Parthenon; Acropolis Aphrodite Sophocles Euripides Aristophanes Socrates Democritus Pericles Explanation columns, symmetry, golden ratio emotionless, The School of Athens, artists showed what they wanted to see social critic non-religious plays comedies Socratic method first to propose atomic theory stable direct democracy led programs for poor known for speeches-funeral oration Led to: New age of Greek thought find answers to hardships

Philosophy Politics

Ended by: Peloponnesian War death of Pericles

Greek Thought Philosopher Major Achievements Sophists no absolute truths questioned everything Socrates became famous as a result of his students Plato academies Aristotle warrior/scholar

Thucydides

Pythagoras

Hippocrates

military strength analysis and factual evidence important mathematician religion plays a role in science doctor environmental factors, diet, and living habits cause disease balance between fluids

Lasting Legacy Pythagorasquestioned whether Greek gods existed Socratic methodallowed Plato and Aristotle to open academies The Republicpower should only be given to qualified citizens scientific method work applied to psychology, biology, physics still very well-known The History of the Peloponnesian War

Pythagorean theorem

Hippocratic oath