CulturalInfluences Culturalinfluencesmeanshistorical,geographical,andfamilialfactorsthataffectassessmentandintervention processes.Culturalinfluences(asdefinedin9505.0370subp.9)thatarerelevanttotheclientmayincludethe clients: RacialorEthnicSelfIdentification:theindividual/familywouldreporthowtheyidentifythemselvesina racialorethniccontext o Ettaidentifiesasabiracial10yearoldgirlwithaWhitemotherandanAfricanAmericanfather. o RickidentifiesasaWhite18yearoldfromaNorwegianfamilylinewholivesintheEastMetro. ExperienceofCulturalBiasasaStressor:Descriptionofhowtheindividualhasexperiencedculturalbias fromotherpeople(culturalbiasbeingthepracticeofinterpretingandjudgingbehaviorbystandards inherenttoonesownculture),andhowitrelatestohisorheroverallmentalhealthsymptoms. o Ettastatesthatshefeelsexcludedbyherclassmatesbecauseshestheonlybiracial(blackand white)childintheclassroomandfeelslikeshedoesntfitinwithherclassmates.Shesaysthat shetriestoinsertherselfintotheconversationsaroundherbecauseshefeelsignoredandlonely.

. Shealsosaysthatshealwaysworriesthatshesdoingsomethingwrongandthatswhythey dontlikeher. o Ricksaysthathefeelslikeheneverfitininhighschool;hewasntajockoragoodstudenthe justwenttoclasses.Hethinkshewasreallyunpopularandheandhisfriendsoftengottaken advantageofbythepopularkidsatschool.Thejockstookparticularadvantageofhimduring gymclassandmadehimreallyselfconsciousbecausetheywouldlaughateverymistake. ImmigrationHistoryandStatus:Descriptionoftheindividualsimmigrationpath(ifapplicable).Isthe clientapoliticalrefugee,aneconomicrefugee,oronaworkorstudentvisa?Theintentisnotto identifywhethertheclienthasdocumentationtobeinthecountrybutmorehisorherexperienceasan immigrant. o AnaLuciasmotheremigratedfromMexicowhenshewasayoungadult.AnaLuciawasbornin theUnitedStatesandidentifiesasaMexicanAmerican.Shesaysthatshesheardstoriesabout hermothersdifficultyimmigratingtotheUnitedStatesbutshedoesntreallythinkthatit appliestoherbecauseshesalwaysbeenhere. LevelofAcculturation:Levelofacculturation(themodificationofthecultureofagrouporindividualas aresultofcontactwithadifferentculture)couldbetomainstreamcultureoritcouldbeintoanew socialgroup,anewtown,family(inlawsoradoption),oranychangeingroupofpeoplewithwhomthe clientassociates. o Ettahashadtroublefittinginathernewschoolandfindingfriendsintheneighborhood.She feelsliketheyallfollowadifferentrulebookwhichnoonewantstolendher.Herteacherstates thatsheoftenhassocialmisstepswiththeotherchildrenatschoolandseemstobehaving difficultyacculturatingtotheclassroompeerculture. o Rickfeelslikeoneofthereasonswhyhegetsalongsowellwithhisgirlfriendisbecausehelikes herfamilysomuch.Hesaysthathereallylovesthathecandropoveratanytimeandtheywill includehimindinnerorwhatevertheyaredoing.Hereportsthathisownfamilywasisreally

rigidwithguestsandthatittookhimawhiletorealizethathedidnthavetogetpermissionall thetimebeforehegoesovertotheirhouse. TimeOrientation:Timeorientationisabouthowtheclientunderstandsandusestime.Ononeendof thecontinuumtherearepeoplewithMonochronicorientationoftimetaskoriented,expectthingsto beontime,andaseparatetimeandplaceforworkandplay.Ontheotherendarepeoplewith Polychronicorientationoftimetimeandschedulesaremoreflexible,maintainingrelationshipsand socializingismoreimportantthanaccomplishingtasks. o EttasteacherstatesthatEttaisalwaysfocusedontimeandwhetherornotthingswillgetdone ontime.Sheconstantlycheckstoclocktomakesurethattheclassisswitchingsubjectsatthe righttimeaccordingtotheschedule.Shealsonagstheotherstudentswhentheyarenotdone whensomethingisdueandseemsoverlyanxiousaboutduedatesandtimelinestothepointthat shemissesthepointoftheactivity. o Rickdescribedhowbotheredhegetswhenpeoplerushhimtogetplaces.Hehatesitwhen peoplegetmadathimfornotshowingupontime.Hesayshesalwaysbeenthelateoneinthe family.Hecanneverkeeptrackoftimeandthingsthatpeoplejustgetworkedupoverthat stuffwhichiswhyheisscaredaboutgettinganewjob. SocialOrientation:Caninvolveinformationregardingtheclientsfriends,socialgroup,partnership status,sexualorientation,etc. o Ettahasalwaysgottenalongbetterwithadultsthanchildrenherownage.Shehastrouble fittinginwiththeotherchildreninherclassassheseemstobeveryrulefocusedandreminds othersofexpectationswhichtendstogetonotherchildrensnerves. o Ricklikestospendtimewithpeople,betendstobenervousaboutwhatotherpeopleare thinkingabouthimandgetsoverwhelmedwiththeirfacialresponsesandnonverbal communication.Thisiswhyheprefersonlineinteractionswithpeoplehedoesntknowvery well.Hefeelsmoreconfidentandheenjoyscommunicatingwithothersalotmoreifhedoesnt havetodoitfacetoface. VerbalCommunicationStyle:Culturallyimpactedverbalandnonverbalcommunicationstyleslikecall andresponse,lookingatpeopleintheeyeswhentheyaretalking,theteenagerollingoftheeyes, meansofconveyingconflictorconflictavoidance,toneofvoice,postureandmeansofexpressingone selfverballyandnonverbally. o AsEttagrewupgoingtochurchwithhergrandmainMinneapolis,sheoftenparticipatesinthe callandresponseprocesswheninschool.Whenherteachersayssomethingthatsheagrees withshenodsherheadandverballysaysmmmhmmwhichcaughtherteacheroffguarduntil shetalkedtoEttaaboutit.Ettareportsthatshefeltshamedthatherteachertoldhertostop doingthatshedidntevenrealizeshewasdoingit. o Rick,asheoftenfeelsnervousinfrontofpeople,tendstolookatthegroundwhenpeopleare talkinganddoesntspeakveryloudly.Hesaysthathefeelsmuchmoreconfidentwhen typing/talkingthanspeakingespeciallyinpublic. LocusofControl:doestheclientfeelliketheyareincontroloftheirenvironmenttheirownchoicesor doestheworldpushthemfromonechoicetoanother?

AsEttaisonly10,shefeelslikemostthingsgetdecidedbyotherpeopleandthentheyimpact herlifelikemovingaroundorherparentsgettingdivorced.Adultsmakedecisionsandthey impactherandshedoesntlikeit. o Rickfeelslikealotofwhatisgoingonforhimisoutofhiscontrol.Hecantfindajobbecause thejobmarketishorrible.Hecanttakehisdriverslicensetestbecausetheevaluatorseems judgmentalandscary.Itallseemsoutofhishands. SpiritualBeliefs:Religiousorotherformsofspiritualbeliefs. o ThefamilyattendsSt.MarysCatholicChurchandhasagoodrelationshipwithFatherJimAlbert. EttareportedthatGodlooksoutforherandthatherfuturewasinGodshands. o RickgrewupgoingtoanELCALutheranchurchandusedtobequiteactive.Forthepastyear,he hasntwantedtoattendandherefusestoexplainwhatchanged. HealthBeliefsandtheEndorsementoforEngagementinCulturallySpecificHealingpractices:Whatis theclientsphilosophybehindtheirsymptomsormentalhealthsituation?Havetheygonetoculturally specificproviderssuchasareligiousprovider,Shaman,psychic,etc? o Ettabelievesthatshehastroublesbecauseherparentsdivorcedandthenherdadwentto Afghanistan.Shewasdoingjustfinebeforethatallhappened.Shethinksthatchurchhelpshera lotbecauseGodcanprotectherfatherinAfghanistan. o Rickdoesnthaveatheoryonwhyhefeelsthisway.Hecantreallyrememberwhenhedidnt. Hehasnttriedanythingbutmarijuanatotrytofeelbetterbeforecomingtotheappointment. o