PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

Predisposing Factors: Age

Precipitating Factors: Lifestyle Diet

Perpetuating Factors: Co-morbidities o Diabetes Mellitus II o Hypertension o Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia o Alzheimers Disease o Atrial Flutter

Diabetes Mellitus II

Cells fails to respond to insulin

Glucose will not be metabolized

Glucose remains in the blood vessels

Hypertension

viscosity of the blood

Blood pressure

Remove waste products and reabsorbs needed nutrients and electolytes

Kidneys have small blood vessels which acts as filters (Capillaries)

Peripheral vessels will not be properly perfused as well as the blood vessels in the kidneys

Acute Kidney Injury

Edema

Increase in blood sugar can make kidneys filter too much blood

Extra work of the filters can injure the kidneys.

May cause leaking of the useful protein snd glucose

Albuminuria / Glucosuria

Continuously destroying the kidney parenchyma

Electrolyte disturbance

Worsening renal functions

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase creatinine and BUN in the blood Prostate obstructing the urethra

Atrial Flutter

May cause hypertrophy of the ventricles especially the left ventricle

Urine cannot flow

Impaired ventricular filling

Oliguria

Development of shivering of the heart (overload)

Impaired Urinary Elimination related to obstructing prostate and inability of kidney to function well as evidenced by oliguria

May increase risk of thrombi and emboli formation

Patient took warfarin

Too much warfarin can cause bleeding Ineffective Tissue Perfusion related to decreased hemoglobin and RBC secondary to bleeding as evidenced by increase in BUN,

Upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Hematoschezia

Fluid loss

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance related to fluid loss as evidenced by decreased serum potassium

No mobility

Patient is on bedrest

There will be pull of secretions

Impede blood vessel and will have poor circulation Bedsore

patient is also inability to expectorate

Ineffective Airway Clearance related to retained secretions in the airway as evidenced by presence of thick to loose whitish secretions.

Impaired Skin Integrity related to prolonged bed rest as evidenced by presence of edema and bedsore